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  1. Article ; Online: The experiences of men on active surveillance for prostate cancer and their significant others: A qualitative synthesis.

    Hughes, Stephanie / Everitt, Hazel / Stuart, Beth / Band, Rebecca

    Psycho-oncology

    2024  Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) e6324

    Abstract: Background: Active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer (PCa) is a monitoring pathway for men with low-grade, slow growing PCa and aims to delay or avoid active treatment by treating only in the case of disease progression. Experiences of this pathway ... ...

    Abstract Background: Active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer (PCa) is a monitoring pathway for men with low-grade, slow growing PCa and aims to delay or avoid active treatment by treating only in the case of disease progression. Experiences of this pathway vary but living with an untreated cancer can have a negative psychological impact on both the patient and their significant other (SO). Literature suggests partners are the primary source of support for men on AS, and therefore it is important to consider SO experiences alongside those of the patient. To the best of our knowledge this is the first UK-based qualitative review looking specifically at experiences of AS for both men with PCa and their SOs.
    Methods: MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Library were searched for literature reporting qualitative experiences of AS for PCa for either men on AS or SOs (or both). 2769 records were identified and screened, with 28 meeting the eligibility criteria. Qualitative data were synthesised and included men on AS (n = 428), and SOs (n = 51).
    Results: Experiences of the AS pathway vary but reports of uncertainty and anxiety were present in the accounts of both men on AS and SOs. SOs are intertwined throughout every part of the PCa journey, and couples presented as a unit that were on AS together. Both patients and SOs expressed a need for more support, and highly valued peer support. Despite this finding, men expressed a dislike towards 'support groups'.
    Conclusions: Increased recognition in clinical practice of SO involvement in AS is needed. Further research is required to explore the specific types of support that would be most acceptable to this population to address the unmet support needs uncovered in this review.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Watchful Waiting ; Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy ; Prostatic Neoplasms/psychology ; Qualitative Research
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1118536-3
    ISSN 1099-1611 ; 1057-9249
    ISSN (online) 1099-1611
    ISSN 1057-9249
    DOI 10.1002/pon.6324
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  2. Article ; Online: Interventions to support patients with sharing genetic test results with at-risk relatives: a synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM).

    Ballard, Lisa Marie / Band, Rebecca / Lucassen, Anneke M

    European journal of human genetics : EJHG

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 9, Page(s) 988–1002

    Abstract: Whilst the finding of heritable susceptibility to disease was once relatively rare, mainstreaming of genetic testing has resulted in a steady increase. Patients are often encouraged to share their genetic test results with relevant relatives, but ... ...

    Abstract Whilst the finding of heritable susceptibility to disease was once relatively rare, mainstreaming of genetic testing has resulted in a steady increase. Patients are often encouraged to share their genetic test results with relevant relatives, but relatives may not receive this information, leaving them without knowledge of their own risk. Therefore, strategies to help communicate such information are important. This review aimed to explore the efficacy of existing interventions to improve the sharing of genetic test results. A synthesis without meta-analysis design was used. A systematic search of Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and AMED was conducted, and five studies were identified worldwide. Data were extracted for each study regarding study aim, participant characteristics, condition, intervention details, comparison, study duration, outcome measures, theory and behaviour change techniques used. Limited efficacy and application of theory was found. Knowledge, motivation and self-efficacy were not increased in any intervention. No gender differences in communication behaviour were encountered in interventions that recruited men and women. Two studies reported an evaluation of acceptability, which showed that the interventions were well received by patients and health professionals. No study reported the involvement of the target population in any phase of intervention development. Given the lack of health psychology-informed interventions in this area of clinical genetics, we recommend genetic health professionals, health psychologists and patients collaborate on all stages of future interventions that involve the cascading of genetic health information within families. We also provide guidance regarding use of theory and intervention elements for future intervention development.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Patients ; Genetic Testing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1141470-4
    ISSN 1476-5438 ; 1018-4813
    ISSN (online) 1476-5438
    ISSN 1018-4813
    DOI 10.1038/s41431-023-01400-1
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  3. Article ; Online: Rural influences on the social network dynamics of district nursing services: A qualitative meta-synthesis.

    Gillham, Jack / Vassilev, Ivaylo / Band, Rebecca

    Health science reports

    2021  Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) e336

    Abstract: Background and aims: As demands on healthcare services grow, fiscal restrictions place increased emphasis on services outside of traditional healthcare settings. Previous research into long-term-conditions suggests that social network members (including ...

    Abstract Background and aims: As demands on healthcare services grow, fiscal restrictions place increased emphasis on services outside of traditional healthcare settings. Previous research into long-term-conditions suggests that social network members (including weaker ties such as acquaintances, community groups, and healthcare professionals) play a key role in illness management. There is limited knowledge about the engagement of social networks in supporting people who are receiving medical interventions at home. This qualitative metasynthesis explores the work and the interactions between district nurses (DN) and informal network members supporting people who are receiving medical interventions at home and living in rural areas.
    Methods: A search was undertaken on CINAHL, Medline, and PsychINFO for qualitative research articles from 2009 to 2019. Studies that examined DN in rural locations and/or social network support in rural locations were eligible. Fourteen articles were selected.
    Results: Thematic analysis of results and discussion data from the studies resulted in four themes being developed: the development of both transactional and friend-like nurse-patient ties in rural localities, engagement of the wider network in the delivery of good care, blurring of professional boundaries in close community relationships, and issues accessing and navigating formal and informal support in the context of diminishing resources in rural areas.These findings suggest that DNs in rural localities work beyond professional specialties and experience to provide emotional support, help with daily tasks, and build links to communities. There was also evidence that nurses embedded within rural localities developed friend-like relationships with patients, and negotiated with existing support networks and communities to find support for the patient.
    Conclusions: Findings indicated that developing strong links with patients and members of their networks does not automatically translate into positive outcomes for patients, and can be unsustainable, burdensome, and disruptive. DNs developing weak ties with patients and building awareness of the structure of individual networks and local sources of support offers avenues for sustainable and tailored community-based nursing support.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2398-8835
    ISSN (online) 2398-8835
    DOI 10.1002/hsr2.336
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  4. Article: The nodal count {0,1,2,3,...} implies the graph is a tree.

    Band, Ram

    Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

    2013  Volume 372, Issue 2007, Page(s) 20120504

    Abstract: Sturm's oscillation theorem states that the nth eigenfunction of a Sturm-Liouville operator on the interval has n-1 zeros (nodes) (Sturm 1836 J. Math. Pures Appl. 1, 106-186; 373-444). This result was generalized for all metric tree graphs (Pokorny et al. ...

    Abstract Sturm's oscillation theorem states that the nth eigenfunction of a Sturm-Liouville operator on the interval has n-1 zeros (nodes) (Sturm 1836 J. Math. Pures Appl. 1, 106-186; 373-444). This result was generalized for all metric tree graphs (Pokorny et al. 1996 Mat. Zametki 60, 468-470 (doi:10.1007/BF02320380); Schapotschnikow 2006 Waves Random Complex Media 16, 167-178 (doi:10.1080/1745530600702535)) and an analogous theorem was proved for discrete tree graphs (Berkolaiko 2007 Commun. Math. Phys. 278, 803-819 (doi:10.1007/S00220-007-0391-3); Dhar & Ramaswamy 1985 Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1346-1349 (doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.1346); Fiedler 1975 Czechoslovak Math. J. 25, 607-618). We prove the converse theorems for both discrete and metric graphs. Namely if for all n, the nth eigenfunction of the graph has n-1 zeros, then the graph is a tree. Our proofs use a recently obtained connection between the graph's nodal count and the magnetic stability of its eigenvalues (Berkolaiko 2013 Anal. PDE 6, 1213-1233 (doi:10.2140/apde.2013.6.1213); Berkolaiko & Weyand 2014 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 372, 20120522 (doi:10.1098/rsta.2012.0522); Colin de Verdière 2013 Anal. PDE 6, 1235-1242 (doi:10.2140/apde.2013.6.1235)). In the course of the proof, we show that it is not possible for all (or even almost all, in the metric case) the eigenvalues to exhibit a diamagnetic behaviour. In addition, we develop a notion of 'discretized' versions of a metric graph and prove that their nodal counts are related to those of the metric graph.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-12-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208381-4
    ISSN 1471-2962 ; 1364-503X ; 0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952
    ISSN (online) 1471-2962
    ISSN 1364-503X ; 0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952
    DOI 10.1098/rsta.2012.0504
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  5. Article ; Online: 'Nesting networks': Women's experiences of social network support in high-risk pregnancy.

    Hinton, L / Dumelow, C / Hodgkinson, J / Montgomery, C / Martin, A / Allen, C / Tucker, K / Green, M E / Wilson, H / McManus, R J / Chappell, L C / Band, R

    Midwifery

    2023  Volume 120, Page(s) 103622

    Abstract: Objective: Social support, an individual's social relationships (both online and offline), may provide protection against adverse mental health outcomes, such as anxiety and depression, which are high in women who have been hospitalised with high-risk ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Social support, an individual's social relationships (both online and offline), may provide protection against adverse mental health outcomes, such as anxiety and depression, which are high in women who have been hospitalised with high-risk pregnancy. This study explored the social support available to women at higher risk of preeclampsia during pregnancy by examining personal social networks.
    Design: Semi-structured interviews were accompanied by social network mapping using the web-based social networking tool GENIE.
    Setting: England.
    Participants: Twenty-one women were recruited, of whom 18 were interviewed both during pregnancy and postnatally between April 2019 and April 2020. Nineteen women completed maps pre-natally, 17 women completed maps pre-natally and post-natally. Women were taking part in the BUMP study, a randomised clinical trial that included 2441 pregnant individuals at higher risk of preeclampsia and recruited at a mean of 20 weeks' gestation from 15 hospital maternity units in England between November 2018 and October 2019.
    Results: Women's social networks tightened during pregnancy. The inner network changed most dramatically postnatally with women reporting fewer network members. Interviews revealed networks were primarily 'real-life' rather than online social networks, with members providing emotional, informational, and practical support. Women with a high-risk pregnancy valued the relationships they developed with health professionals during pregnancy, and would like their midwife to have a more central role in their networks by providing informational and, where needed, emotional support. The social network mapping data supported the qualitative accounts of changing networks across high-risk pregnancy.
    Conclusion: Women with a high-risk pregnancy seek to build "nesting networks" to support them through pregnancy into motherhood. Different types of support are sought from trusted sources. Midwives can play a key role.
    Practice implications: As well as highlighting other potential needs during pregnancy and the ways in which they can be met, support from midwives has a key role. Through talking to women early in their pregnancy, signposting information and explaining ways to contact health professionals regarding informational or emotional support would fill a gap that currently is met by other aspects of their network.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy, High-Risk ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Social Support ; Midwifery ; Social Networking ; Qualitative Research
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-17
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1036567-9
    ISSN 1532-3099 ; 0266-6138
    ISSN (online) 1532-3099
    ISSN 0266-6138
    DOI 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103622
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  6. Article: Homicidal injury with dessert spoon – A case report

    Band, Rahul / Kumar, Arvind / Gaiwale, Sanjay / Ghangale, Ajay

    Forensic science international. 2020 Dec., v. 2

    2020  

    Abstract: A dessert spoon seems unsuspecting to be called as a dangerous weapon and external injuries caused may be atypical and obscure that could be overlooked. Penetrating cranial injuries by spoon are very rare and furthermore resulting isolated traumatic ... ...

    Abstract A dessert spoon seems unsuspecting to be called as a dangerous weapon and external injuries caused may be atypical and obscure that could be overlooked. Penetrating cranial injuries by spoon are very rare and furthermore resulting isolated traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) without other intra cranial injuries is uncommon.This paper presents a peculiar case of homicide committed with a dessert spoon. During post-mortem examination an unusual small stab injury was found in the superior eyelid. Profuse sub-arachnoid hemorrhage was present involving bilateral cerebral hemisphere. Cerebral edema and midline shift was absent.This case report describes a rare case of penetrating skull injury resulting in sudden death due to traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Intracranial hemorrhagic complications of penetrating brain injury can cause sudden death mostly due to pressure effect, neurogenic shock or Ischemia. In present case in absence of cerebral edema, vasospasm followed by cerebral ischemia seems most likely etiology.These type of injuries can go unnoticed due to obscure nature. Meticulous examination is needed to determine cause and manner of death in such cases.
    Keywords brain damage ; case studies ; death ; desserts ; edema ; eyelids ; forensic sciences ; hemorrhage ; ischemia ; necropsy ; paper ; pressure ; skull
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-12
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light
    ISSN 2665-9107
    DOI 10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100094
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Planning and developing a web-based intervention for active surveillance in prostate cancer: an integrated self-care programme for managing psychological distress.

    Hughes, Stephanie / Kassianos, Angelos P / Everitt, Hazel A / Stuart, Beth / Band, Rebecca

    Pilot and feasibility studies

    2022  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 175

    Abstract: Objectives: To outline the planning, development and optimisation of a psycho-educational behavioural intervention for patients on active surveillance for prostate cancer. The intervention aimed to support men manage active surveillance-related ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To outline the planning, development and optimisation of a psycho-educational behavioural intervention for patients on active surveillance for prostate cancer. The intervention aimed to support men manage active surveillance-related psychological distress.
    Methods: The person-based approach (PBA) was used as the overarching guiding methodological framework for intervention development. Evidence-based methods were incorporated to improve robustness. The process commenced with data gathering activities comprising the following four components: • A systematic review and meta-analysis of depression and anxiety in prostate cancer • A cross-sectional survey on depression and anxiety in active surveillance • A review of existing interventions in the field • A qualitative study with the target audience The purpose of this paper is to bring these components together and describe how they facilitated the establishment of key guiding principles and a logic model, which underpinned the first draft of the intervention.
    Results: The prototype intervention, named PROACTIVE, consists of six Internet-based sessions run concurrently with three group support sessions. The sessions cover the following topics: lifestyle (diet and exercise), relaxation and resilience techniques, talking to friends and family, thoughts and feelings, daily life (money and work) and information about prostate cancer and active surveillance. The resulting intervention has been trialled in a feasibility study, the results of which are published elsewhere.
    Conclusions: The planning and development process is key to successful delivery of an appropriate, accessible and acceptable intervention. The PBA strengthened the intervention by drawing on target-user experiences to maximise acceptability and user engagement. This meticulous description in a clinical setting using this rigorous but flexible method is a useful demonstration for others developing similar interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION AND ETHICAL APPROVAL: ISRCTN registered: ISRCTN38893965 . NRES Committee South Central - Oxford A. REC reference: 11/SC/0355.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2809935-7
    ISSN 2055-5784
    ISSN 2055-5784
    DOI 10.1186/s40814-022-01124-x
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  8. Article ; Online: Optimising and profiling pre-implementation contexts to create and implement a public health network intervention for tackling loneliness.

    Ellis, J / Band, R / Kinsella, K / Cheetham-Blake, T / James, E / Ewings, S / Rogers, A

    Implementation science : IS

    2020  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 35

    Abstract: Background: The implementation of complex interventions experiences challenges that affect the extent to which they become embedded and scaled-up. Implementation at scale in complex environments like community settings defies universal replication. ... ...

    Abstract Background: The implementation of complex interventions experiences challenges that affect the extent to which they become embedded and scaled-up. Implementation at scale in complex environments like community settings defies universal replication. Planning for implementation in such environments requires knowledge of organisational capacity and structure. Pre-implementation work is an important element of the early phase of preparing the setting for the introduction of an intervention, and the factors contributing towards the creation of an optimal pre-implementation community context are under-acknowledged.
    Methods: To explore the factors contributing towards the creation of an optimal pre-implementation context, a quasi-ethnographic approach was taken. The implementation of a social network intervention designed to tackle loneliness in a community setting acts as the case in example. Observations (of meetings), interviews (with community partners) and documentary analysis (national and local policy documents and intervention resources) were conducted. Layder's adaptive theory approach was taken to data analysis, with the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and a typology of third-sector organisations used to interpret the findings.
    Results: Community settings were found to sit along a continuum with three broad categories defined as Fully Professionalised Organisations; Aspirational Community, Voluntary and Social Enterprises; and Non-Professionalised Community-Based Groups. The nature of an optimal pre-implementation context varied across these settings. Using the CFIR, the results illustrate that some settings were more influenced by political landscape (Fully professional and Aspirational setting) and others more influenced by their founding values and ethos (Non-Professionalised Community-Based settings). Readiness was achieved at different speeds across the categories with those settings with more resource availability more able to achieve readiness (Fully Professional settings), and others requiring flexibility in the intervention to help overcome limited resource availability (Aspirational and Non-Professionalised Community-Based settings).
    Conclusions: The CFIR is useful in highlighting the multiple facets at play in creating the optimal pre-implementation context, and where flex is required to achieve this. The CFIR illuminates the similarities and differences between and across settings, highlighting the complexity of open system settings and the important need for pre-implementation work.
    Trial registration: ISRCTN19193075.
    MeSH term(s) Community-Institutional Relations ; Health Promotion/organization & administration ; Humans ; Implementation Science ; Interviews as Topic ; Loneliness ; Public Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1748-5908
    ISSN (online) 1748-5908
    DOI 10.1186/s13012-020-00997-x
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  9. Article ; Online: Examining the optimal factors that promote implementation and sustainability of a network intervention to alleviate loneliness in community contexts.

    Ellis, Jaimie / Kinsella, Karina / James, Elizabeth / Cheetham-Blake, Tara / Lambrou, Madeleine / Ciccognani, Alexandra / Rogers, Anne / Band, Rebecca

    Health & social care in the community

    2022  Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) e4144–e4154

    Abstract: Community environments have the potential to alleviate loneliness and social isolation as they offer opportunity for sociality and to expand personal social network connections. Implementing a social network intervention in community environments to ... ...

    Abstract Community environments have the potential to alleviate loneliness and social isolation as they offer opportunity for sociality and to expand personal social network connections. Implementing a social network intervention in community environments to connect people to who are at risk of loneliness or social isolation could help alleviate these concerns. However, implementing interventions in community environments is made difficult by the interplay between the community context and intervention. Thus, to support implementation a detailed understanding of the types of community contexts is required. To examine the optimal factors that promote the implementation of a social network designed to alleviate loneliness and social isolation intervention in the community observations, interviews and documentary analysis were conducted. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and a typology of community contexts were used to inform the data analysis and interpret the findings. Key factors were found to affect the implementation of the intervention in the different community contexts. These inter-related factors operated across three domains. Service User Needs affected intervention take up as its suitability varied. The stability of the workforce and nature of everyday work also impacted on implementation. Finally, the fluctuating capacity of organisations and the organisational culture were also influential. No single community environment was found to have all of the optimal factors required for implementation and sustainably. The UK policy agenda of austerity had negatively affected community environments' capacity to deliver such intervention through increasing service user needs and reducing available resources. Trial registration: ISRCTN19193075.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Loneliness ; Social Isolation ; Social Environment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1155902-0
    ISSN 1365-2524 ; 0966-0410
    ISSN (online) 1365-2524
    ISSN 0966-0410
    DOI 10.1111/hsc.13808
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  10. Article ; Online: The role of collective efficacy in long-term condition management: A metasynthesis.

    Vassilev, Ivaylo / Band, Rebecca / Kennedy, Anne / James, Elizabeth / Rogers, Anne

    Health & social care in the community

    2019  Volume 27, Issue 5, Page(s) e588–e603

    Abstract: Social networks have been found to have a valuable role in supporting the management of long-term conditions. However, the focus on the quality and how well self-management interventions work focus on individualised behavioural outcomes such as self- ... ...

    Abstract Social networks have been found to have a valuable role in supporting the management of long-term conditions. However, the focus on the quality and how well self-management interventions work focus on individualised behavioural outcomes such as self-efficacy and there is a need for understanding that focuses on the role of wider collective processes in self-management support. Collective efficacy presents a potentially useful candidate concept in the development and understanding of self-management support interventions. To date it has mainly been utilised in the context of organisations and neighbourhoods related to social phenomena such as community cohesion. Drawing on Bandura's original theorisation this meta-synthesis explores how studies of collective efficacy might illuminate collective elements operating within the personal communities of people with long-term conditions. A qualitative meta-synthesis was undertaken. Studies published between 1998 and 2018 that examined collective efficacy in relation to health and well-being using qualitative and mixed methods was eligible for inclusion. Timing of engagement with others, building trust in the group, and legitimising ongoing engagement with the group arised as central elements of collective efficacy. The two themes forming third order constructs were related to the presence of continuous interaction and ongoing relational work between members of the group. Collective efficacy can develop and be sustained over time in a range of situations where individuals may not have intense relationships with one another and have limited commitment and contact with one another. Extending this to the personal communities of people with long-term conditions it may be the case that collective efficacy enables a number of engagement opportunities which can be oriented towards assisting with support from networks over a sustained length of time. This may include negotiating acceptable connections to resources and activities which in turn may help change existing practice in ways that improve long-term condition management.
    MeSH term(s) Chronic Disease/psychology ; Chronic Disease/therapy ; Disease Management ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Self Care/methods ; Self Efficacy ; Self-Management/methods ; Social Networking ; Social Support ; Trust
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1155902-0
    ISSN 1365-2524 ; 0966-0410
    ISSN (online) 1365-2524
    ISSN 0966-0410
    DOI 10.1111/hsc.12779
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