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  1. Article ; Online: Impact of COVID-19 on the Utilization of HIV Testing and Linkage Services in Sierra Leone: Experience from Three Public Health Facilities in Freetown.

    Lakoh, Sulaiman / Bangura, Moses M / Adekanmbi, Olukemi / Barrie, Umu / Jiba, Darlinda F / Kamara, Matilda N / Sesay, Daniel / Jalloh, Abdulai Tejan / Deen, Gibrilla F / Russell, James B W / Egesimba, Ginika / Yendewa, George A / Firima, Emmanuel

    AIDS and behavior

    2023  Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 1235–1243

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the delivery of essential health services globally. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on HIV testing and linkage services at three public health facilities in Freetown, Sierra Leone. We ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the delivery of essential health services globally. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on HIV testing and linkage services at three public health facilities in Freetown, Sierra Leone. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the impact of COVID-19 on HIV testing and linkage to treatment services (HTS) at Connaught Hospital (CH-tertiary), Lumley Government Hospital (LGH-secondary) and George Brooke Community Health Center (GBC-primary) in Freetown. Statistical analyses were conducted in Stata (16.1, StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX). Intra-pandemic HTS (2020) and HTS during recovery (2021) were compared with pre-pandemic HTS (2019). Of the 8538 people tested for HIV in the three facilities, 4929 (57.5%) visited CH. Only 2249 people were tested for HIV in 2020 compared to 3825 in 2019 (difference: - 41.2%, P < 0.001). Fewer people were also tested in 2021 (difference: - 35.6% P < 0.001). The largest reductions in testing in 2020 occurred in women (- 47.7%), children under 15 (- 95.2%), married people (- 42.6%), and CH (- 46.2%). Overall, 1369 (16.0%) people were positive for HIV; CH (878, 17.9%), LGH (469, 15.6%) and GBC (22, 3.5%). The likelihood of a positive HIV test was 26% lower in 2020 than 2019 (PR 0.74; 95% CI 0.64-0.85; P < 0.001), but 16% higher in 2021 than 2019 (PR 1.16; 95% CI 1.03-1.30; P < 0.05). Of the 1369 HIV diagnosis, 526 (38.4%) were linked to care. We found significant disruptions in HIV testing and linkage services at different levels of service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic, underscoring the need to strengthen essential health services during public health emergencies.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Female ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Sierra Leone/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; HIV Testing ; Hospitals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1339885-4
    ISSN 1573-3254 ; 1090-7165
    ISSN (online) 1573-3254
    ISSN 1090-7165
    DOI 10.1007/s10461-023-04149-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Applying the WHO-ICRC BEC course to train emergency and inpatient healthcare workers in Sierra Leone early in the COVID-19 outbreak.

    Sonenthal, Paul D / Kachimanga, Chiyembekezo / Komba, Doris / Bangura, Moses / Ludmer, Nicholas / Lado, Marta / Patino, Marta / Gerrard, Rachel B / Vandy, Matthew J / Marsh, Regan H / Mukherjee, Joia / Rouhani, Shada A

    BMC health services research

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 197

    Abstract: Background: Treating critical illness in resource-limited settings during disease outbreaks is feasible and can save lives. Lack of trained healthcare workers is a major barrier to COVID-19 response. There is an urgent need to train healthcare workers ... ...

    Abstract Background: Treating critical illness in resource-limited settings during disease outbreaks is feasible and can save lives. Lack of trained healthcare workers is a major barrier to COVID-19 response. There is an urgent need to train healthcare workers to manage COVID-19. The World Health Organization and International Committee of the Red Cross's Basic Emergency Care course could provide a framework to cross-train personnel for COVID-19 care while strengthening essential health services.
    Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study evaluating the Basic Emergency Care course for healthcare workers from emergency and inpatient units at two hospitals in Sierra Leone, a low-income country in West Africa. Baseline, post-course, and six month assessments of knowledge and confidence were completed. Questions on COVID-19 were added at six months. We compared change from baseline in knowledge scores and proportions of participants "very comfortable" with course skills using paired Student's t-tests and McNemar's exact tests, respectively.
    Results: We enrolled 32 participants of whom 31 completed pre- and post-course assessments. Six month knowledge and confidence assessments were completed by 15 and 20 participants, respectively. Mean knowledge score post-course was 85% (95% CI: 82% to 88%), which was increased from baseline (53%, 48% to 57%, p-value < 0.001). There was sustained improvement from baseline at six months (73%, 67% to 80%, p-value 0.001). The percentage of participants who were "very comfortable" performing skills increased from baseline for 27 of 34 skills post-training and 13 skills at six months. Half of respondents strongly agreed the course improved ability to manage COVID-19.
    Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of the Basic Emergency Care course to train emergency and inpatient healthcare workers with lasting impact. The timing of the study, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, provided an opportunity to illustrate the strategic overlap between building human resource capacity for long-term health systems strengthening and COVID-19. Future efforts should focus on integration with national training curricula and training of the trainers for broader dissemination and implementation at scale.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Disease Outbreaks ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Pandemics ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sierra Leone/epidemiology ; World Health Organization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2050434-2
    ISSN 1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
    ISSN (online) 1472-6963
    ISSN 1472-6963
    DOI 10.1186/s12913-022-07556-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Book ; Online: Aerodynamics of Rotor Blades for Quadrotors

    Bangura, Moses / Melega, Marco / Naldi, Roberto / Mahony, Robert

    2016  

    Abstract: In this report, we present the theory on aerodynamics of quadrotors using the well established momentum and blade element theories. From a robotics perspective, the theoretical development of the models for thrust and horizontal forces and torque ( ... ...

    Abstract In this report, we present the theory on aerodynamics of quadrotors using the well established momentum and blade element theories. From a robotics perspective, the theoretical development of the models for thrust and horizontal forces and torque (therefore power) are carried out in the body fixed frame of the quadrotor. Using momentum theory, we propose and model the existence of a horizontal force along with its associated power. Given the limitations associated with momentum theory and the inadequacy of the theory to account for the different powers represented in a proposed bond graph lead to the use of blade element theory. Using this theory, models are then developed for the different quadrotor rotor geometries and aerodynamic properties including the optimum hovering rotor used on the majority of quadrotors. Though this rotor is proven to be the most optimum rotor, we show that geometric variations are necessary for manufacturing of the blades. The geometric variations are also dictated by a desired thrust to horizontal force ratio which is based on the available motor torque (hence power) and desired flight envelope of the vehicle. The detailed aerodynamic models obtained using blade element theory for different geometric configurations and aerodynamic properties of the aerofoil sections are then converted to lumped parameter models that can be used for robotic applications. These applications include but not limited to body fixed frame velocity estimation and individual rotor thrust regulation [1, 2].
    Keywords Physics - Fluid Dynamics ; Physics - Classical Physics
    Subject code 621
    Publishing date 2016-01-04
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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