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Article ; Online: Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Urbieta, Ana Dacosta / Barbeito Castiñeiras, Gema / Rivero Calle, Irene / Pardo Seco, Jacobo / Rodríguez Tenreiro, Carmen / Suárez Camacho, Ricardo / Pérez Del Molino Bernal, María Luisa / Martinón Torres, Federico

Emerging microbes & infections

2024 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 2332680

Abstract: After the use of facemasks, other isolation measures enacted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were lifted, respiratory pathogens, such as RSV, reappeared, but until the November 2023 WHO alert for China, ...

Abstract	After the use of facemasks, other isolation measures enacted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were lifted, respiratory pathogens, such as RSV, reappeared, but until the November 2023 WHO alert for China,
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae/genetics ; Spain/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/epidemiology ; China/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2681359-2
ISSN	2222-1751 ; 2222-1751
ISSN (online)	2222-1751
ISSN	2222-1751
DOI	10.1080/22221751.2024.2332680
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Article ; Online: Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria: Beyond the Magic Mountain.

Barbeito Castiñeiras, Gema / Coira Nieto, María Amparo / Pérez Del Molino Bernal, María Luisa

Archivos de bronconeumologia

2020 Volume 57, Issue 3, Page(s) 156–157

Title translation	Micobacterias no tuberculosas, más allá de la montaña mágica.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2020-04-11
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	733126-5
ISSN	1579-2129 ; 0300-2896
ISSN (online)	1579-2129
ISSN	0300-2896
DOI	10.1016/j.arbres.2020.02.012
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Article ; Online: Leprosy in the twenty-first century: a microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological study in northwestern Spain.

Barbeito-Castiñeiras, Gema / Mejuto, Beatriz / Nieto, Amparo Coira / Santalla, María Jesús Domínguez / Guirao, Antonio Aguilera / Del Molino, María Luisa Pérez

European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology

2020 Volume 39, Issue 10, Page(s) 1831–1835

Abstract: Leprosy, or Hansen's disease, is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and the recently discovered Mycobacterium lepromatosis. In Spain and other countries, where leprosy has been eliminated, an increasing number of imported ... ...

Abstract	Leprosy, or Hansen's disease, is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and the recently discovered Mycobacterium lepromatosis. In Spain and other countries, where leprosy has been eliminated, an increasing number of imported cases have been documented, especially from South Africa and South America. The diagnosis of leprosy is mainly clinical, based on the signs established by the World Health Organization (WHO), although laboratory tools can be useful for diagnostic confirmation. The treatment is based on the administration of multi-drug therapy, and involves the multidisciplinary work of experts in ophthalmology, orthopedics, and physiotherapy. We studied the confirmed cases by microbiological and /or histopathological diagnosis in the health area of Santiago de Compostela (456,874 inhabitants in Galicia, in the Northwest of Spain), analyzing their clinical, microbiological, and epidemiological characteristics (2006-2015). In our study, we describe five cases of leprosy, four of them imported and one that, in the absence of more data, is native. Although we have only documented five cases during the 10 years of the study, our experience highlights the importance of considering the country of origin, travel history, and contacts in patients or staff working with leprosy patients. Despite the decrease of leprosy in our environment, it is important to enhance suspicion of the disease among health personnel, especially in those patients from countries where leprosy is endemic and those in close contact with the diagnosed patients.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Brazil ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Leprosy/epidemiology ; Leprosy/microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium leprae ; Retrospective Studies ; Spain/epidemiology ; Travel
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-28
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603155-9
ISSN	1435-4373 ; 0934-9723 ; 0722-2211
ISSN (online)	1435-4373
ISSN	0934-9723 ; 0722-2211
DOI	10.1007/s10096-020-03911-x
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Article: Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Ethanol in Early-Stage SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Older Adults: A Phase II Randomized Clinical Trial.

Castro-Balado, Ana / Novo-Veleiro, Ignacio / Vázquez-Agra, Néstor / Barbeito-Castiñeiras, Gema / Estany-Gestal, Ana / Trastoy-Pena, Rocío / González-Barcia, Miguel / Zarra-Ferro, Irene / Del Río-Garma, María Carmen / Crespo-Diz, Carlos / Delgado-Sánchez, Olga / Otero-Espinar, Francisco J / Mondelo-García, Cristina / Pose-Reino, Antonio / Fernández-Ferreiro, Anxo

Pharmaceutics

2023 Volume 15, Issue 2

Abstract: Background: Inhaled ethanol in the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection may reduce the viral load, decreasing progression and improving prognosis. The ALCOVID-19 trial was designed to study the efficacy and safety of inhaled ethanol in older adults at ... ...

Abstract	Background: Inhaled ethanol in the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection may reduce the viral load, decreasing progression and improving prognosis. The ALCOVID-19 trial was designed to study the efficacy and safety of inhaled ethanol in older adults at initial phases of infection. Methods: Randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial. Experimental group (n = 38) inhaled 65° ethanol through an oxygen flow, while in the control group (n = 37), water for injection was used. General endpoint was to evaluate disease progression according to the modified World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Progression Scale. Specific effectiveness endpoints were body temperature, oxygen saturation, viral load assessed by cycle threshold (Ct) on real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), analytical biomarkers and use of antibiotics or corticosteroids. Specific safety outcomes were the absence of ethanol in plasma, electrographic, analytical, or respiratory alterations. Results: In the intention-to-treat population, no differences were found regarding disease progression. Mean Ct values increased over time in both groups, being numerically higher in the ethanol group, reaching a value above 33 only in the ethanol group on day 14, a value above which patients are considered non-infective. No differences were found in the other specific effectiveness endpoints. Inhaled ethanol was proven to be safe as no plasma ethanol was detected, and there were no electrocardiographic, analytical, or respiratory alterations. Conclusions: The efficacy of inhaled ethanol in terms of the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection was not demonstrated in the present trial. However, it is positioned as a safe treatment for elderly patients with early-stage COVID-19.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527217-2
ISSN	1999-4923
ISSN	1999-4923
DOI	10.3390/pharmaceutics15020667
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Article ; Online: Analysis of blood and nasal epithelial transcriptomes to identify mechanisms associated with control of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the upper respiratory tract.

The Journal of infection

2023 Volume 87, Issue 6, Page(s) 538–550

Abstract: Objectives: The amount of SARS-CoV-2 detected in the upper respiratory tract (URT viral load) is a key driver of transmission of infection. Current evidence suggests that mechanisms constraining URT viral load are different from those controlling lower ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The amount of SARS-CoV-2 detected in the upper respiratory tract (URT viral load) is a key driver of transmission of infection. Current evidence suggests that mechanisms constraining URT viral load are different from those controlling lower respiratory tract viral load and disease severity. Understanding such mechanisms may help to develop treatments and vaccine strategies to reduce transmission. Combining mathematical modelling of URT viral load dynamics with transcriptome analyses we aimed to identify mechanisms controlling URT viral load. Methods: COVID-19 patients were recruited in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. RNA sequencing of peripheral blood and targeted NanoString nCounter transcriptome analysis of nasal epithelium were performed and gene expression analysed in relation to paired URT viral load samples collected within 15 days of symptom onset. Proportions of major immune cells in blood were estimated from transcriptional data using computational differential estimation. Weighted correlation network analysis (adjusted for cell proportions) and fixed transcriptional repertoire analysis were used to identify associations with URT viral load, quantified as standard deviations (z-scores) from an expected trajectory over time. Results: Eighty-two subjects (50% female, median age 54 years (range 3-73)) with COVID-19 were recruited. Paired URT viral load samples were available for 16 blood transcriptome samples, and 17 respiratory epithelial transcriptome samples. Natural Killer (NK) cells were the only blood cell type significantly correlated with URT viral load z-scores (r = -0.62, P = 0.010). Twenty-four blood gene expression modules were significantly correlated with URT viral load z-score, the most significant being a module of genes connected around IFNA14 (Interferon Alpha-14) expression (r = -0.60, P = 1e-10). In fixed repertoire analysis, prostanoid-related gene expression was significantly associated with higher viral load. In nasal epithelium, only GNLY (granulysin) gene expression showed significant negative correlation with viral load. Conclusions: Correlations between the transcriptional host response and inter-individual variations in SARS-CoV-2 URT viral load, revealed many molecular mechanisms plausibly favouring or constraining viral replication. Existing evidence corroborates many of these mechanisms, including likely roles for NK cells, granulysin, prostanoids and interferon alpha-14. Inhibition of prostanoid production and administration of interferon alpha-14 may be attractive transmission-blocking interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19 ; Viral Load ; Transcriptome ; Nasal Mucosa ; Prostaglandins ; Interferon-alpha
Chemical Substances	Prostaglandins ; Interferon-alpha
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424417-5
ISSN	1532-2742 ; 0163-4453
ISSN (online)	1532-2742
ISSN	0163-4453
DOI	10.1016/j.jinf.2023.10.009
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Article ; Online: Peritonitis bacteriana espontánea por Sphingomonas paucimobilis en un paciente cirrótico.

Campos-Franco, Joaquín / Barbeito-Castiñeiras, Gema / Sánchez-Leira, Joaquín / Pardo-Sánchez, Fernanda

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica

2016 Volume 34, Issue 7, Page(s) 462–463

Title translation	Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to Sphingomonas paucimobilis in a cirrhotic patient.
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2016-08
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1070941-1
ISSN	1578-1852 ; 0213-005X
ISSN (online)	1578-1852
ISSN	0213-005X
DOI	10.1016/j.eimc.2015.10.002
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Article ; Online: Multiple organ failure by serotype K1 Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Barbeito-Castiñeiras, Gema / Ladra González, María Jesús / Domínguez Santalla, María Jesús / Rivero Velasco, Carmen

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica

2016 Volume 35, Issue 5, Page(s) 321–322

Title translation	Afectación multiorgánica por Klebsiella pneumoniae serotipo K1.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Humans ; Klebsiella Infections/complications ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/classification ; Liver Abscess/complications ; Male ; Multiple Organ Failure/microbiology ; Serogroup ; Syndrome
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2016-11-18
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Case Reports ; Letter
ZDB-ID	1070941-1
ISSN	1578-1852 ; 0213-005X
ISSN (online)	1578-1852
ISSN	0213-005X
DOI	10.1016/j.eimc.2016.07.002
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Article ; Online: Comparative evaluation of the identification of rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), GenoType Mycobacterium CM/AS assay and partial sequencing of the rpoβ gene with phylogenetic analysis as a reference method.

Costa-Alcalde, José Javier / Barbeito-Castiñeiras, Gema / González-Alba, José María / Aguilera, Antonio / Galán, Juan Carlos / Pérez-Del-Molino, María Luisa

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

2018 Volume 37, Issue 3, Page(s) 160–166

Abstract: Introduction: The American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommend that clinically significant non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) should be identified to the species level in order to determine their clinical ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommend that clinically significant non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) should be identified to the species level in order to determine their clinical significance. The aim of this study was to evaluate identification of rapidly growing NTM (RGM) isolated from clinical samples by using MALDI-TOF MS and a commercial molecular system. The results were compared with identification using a reference method. Methods: We included 46 clinical isolates of RGM and identified them using the commercial molecular system GenoType Results: The degree of agreement between GenoType Conclusions: MALDI-TOF MS classified significantly better than GenoType
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacteriological Techniques/methods ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/genetics ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/isolation & purification ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins ; DNA, Bacterial ; rpoB protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases (EC 2.7.7.6)
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2018-06-02
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ISSN	2529-993X
ISSN (online)	2529-993X
DOI	10.1016/j.eimc.2018.04.012
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Article ; Online: A multi-tissue study of immune gene expression profiling highlights the key role of the nasal epithelium in COVID-19 severity.

Gómez-Carballa, Alberto / Rivero-Calle, Irene / Pardo-Seco, Jacobo / Gómez-Rial, José / Rivero-Velasco, Carmen / Rodríguez-Núñez, Nuria / Barbeito-Castiñeiras, Gema / Pérez-Freixo, Hugo / Cebey-López, Miriam / Barral-Arca, Ruth / Rodriguez-Tenreiro, Carmen / Dacosta-Urbieta, Ana / Bello, Xabier / Pischedda, Sara / Currás-Tuala, María José / Viz-Lasheras, Sandra / Martinón-Torres, Federico / Salas, Antonio

Environmental research

2022 Volume 210, Page(s) 112890

Abstract: Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) symptoms range from mild to severe illness; the cause for this differential response to infection remains unknown. Unravelling the immune mechanisms acting at different levels of the colonization process might be key to ... ...

Abstract	Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) symptoms range from mild to severe illness; the cause for this differential response to infection remains unknown. Unravelling the immune mechanisms acting at different levels of the colonization process might be key to understand these differences. We carried out a multi-tissue (nasal, buccal and blood; n = 156) gene expression analysis of immune-related genes from patients affected by different COVID-19 severities, and healthy controls through the nCounter technology. Mild and asymptomatic cases showed a powerful innate antiviral response in nasal epithelium, characterized by activation of interferon (IFN) pathway and downstream cascades, successfully controlling the infection at local level. In contrast, weak macrophage/monocyte driven innate antiviral response and lack of IFN signalling activity were present in severe cases. Consequently, oral mucosa from severe patients showed signals of viral activity, cell arresting and viral dissemination to the lower respiratory tract, which ultimately could explain the exacerbated innate immune response and impaired adaptative immune responses observed at systemic level. Results from saliva transcriptome suggest that the buccal cavity might play a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and dissemination in patients with worse prognosis. Co-expression network analysis adds further support to these findings, by detecting modules specifically correlated with severity involved in the abovementioned biological routes; this analysis also provides new candidate genes that might be tested as biomarkers in future studies. We also found tissue specific severity-related signatures mainly represented by genes involved in the innate immune system and cytokine/chemokine signalling. Local immune response could be key to determine the course of the systemic response and thus COVID-19 severity. Our findings provide a framework to investigate severity host gene biomarkers and pathways that might be relevant to diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Antiviral Agents ; Biomarkers ; COVID-19/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Nasal Mucosa ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2022.112890
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Article ; Online: Characterisation of the blood RNA host response underpinning severity in COVID-19 patients.

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 12216

Abstract: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 has highly variable clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic infection through to life-threatening disease. Host whole blood transcriptomics can offer unique insights into the biological processes underpinning ... ...

Abstract	Infection with SARS-CoV-2 has highly variable clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic infection through to life-threatening disease. Host whole blood transcriptomics can offer unique insights into the biological processes underpinning infection and disease, as well as severity. We performed whole blood RNA Sequencing of individuals with varying degrees of COVID-19 severity. We used differential expression analysis and pathway enrichment analysis to explore how the blood transcriptome differs between individuals with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19, performing pairwise comparisons between groups. Increasing COVID-19 severity was characterised by an abundance of inflammatory immune response genes and pathways, including many related to neutrophils and macrophages, in addition to an upregulation of immunoglobulin genes. In this study, for the first time, we show how immunomodulatory treatments commonly administered to COVID-19 patients greatly alter the transcriptome. Our insights into COVID-19 severity reveal the role of immune dysregulation in the progression to severe disease and highlight the need for further research exploring the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the inflammatory immune response.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Immunity ; RNA ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Transcriptome
Chemical Substances	RNA (63231-63-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-15547-2
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