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  1. Article ; Online: Blood-Based mtDNA Quantification Indicates Population-Specific Differences Associated with Alzheimer's Disease-Related Risk.

    Gorham, Isabelle K / Reid, Danielle Marie / Sun, Jie / Zhou, Zhengyang / Barber, Robert C / Phillips, Nicole R

    Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD

    2024  Volume 97, Issue 3, Page(s) 1407–1419

    Abstract: Background: Age is known to be the biggest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Mexican Americans (MAs), who are one of the fastest-aging populations in the United States, are at a uniquely elevated risk. Mitochondrial stress and dysfunction ... ...

    Abstract Background: Age is known to be the biggest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Mexican Americans (MAs), who are one of the fastest-aging populations in the United States, are at a uniquely elevated risk. Mitochondrial stress and dysfunction are key players in the progression of AD and are also known to be impacted by lifestyle and environmental exposures/stressors.
    Objective: This study aimed to identify population-specific differences in indicators of mitochondrial stress and dysfunction associated with AD risk that are detectable in the blood.
    Methods: Examining blood from both non-Hispanic white (NHW) and MA participants (N = 527, MA n = 284, NHW n = 243), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) copy numbers were assessed through quantitative PCR. Data was stratified by population and sample type, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors that may influence this phenotype of mitochondrial dysfunction.
    Results: In the MA cohort, there was a significant relationship between cellular mtDNA:nDNA ratio and body mass index, CDR sum of boxes score, the APOEɛ2/ɛ3 genotype, and education. Further, there was a significant relationship between cell-free mtDNA copy number and both education and CDR sum score. In the NHW cohort, there was a significant relationship between cellular mtDNA:nDNA ratio and both age and CDR sum score. Age was associated with cell-free mtDNA in the NHW cohort.
    Conclusions: This evidence supports the existence of population-based differences in the factors that are predictive of this blood-based phenotype of mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be indicative of cognitive decline and AD risk.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Aging ; Mitochondrial Diseases
    Chemical Substances DNA, Mitochondrial
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1440127-7
    ISSN 1875-8908 ; 1387-2877
    ISSN (online) 1875-8908
    ISSN 1387-2877
    DOI 10.3233/JAD-230880
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Mitochondrial SOS: how mtDNA may act as a stress signal in Alzheimer's disease.

    Gorham, Isabelle K / Barber, Robert C / Jones, Harlan P / Phillips, Nicole R

    Alzheimer's research & therapy

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 171

    Abstract: Background: Alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels have been observed in Alzheimer's disease and are an area of research that shows promise as a useful biomarker. It is well known that not only are the mitochondria a key player in producing ... ...

    Abstract Background: Alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels have been observed in Alzheimer's disease and are an area of research that shows promise as a useful biomarker. It is well known that not only are the mitochondria a key player in producing energy for the cell, but they also are known to interact in other important intracellular processes as well as extracellular signaling and communication. BODY: This mini review explores how cells use mtDNA as a stress signal, particularly in Alzheimer's disease. We investigate the measurement of these mtDNA alterations, the mechanisms of mtDNA release, and the immunological effects from the release of these stress signals.
    Conclusion: Literature indicates a correlation between the release of mtDNA in Alzheimer's disease and increased immune responses, showing promise as a potential biomarker. However, several questions remain unanswered and there is great potential for future studies in this area.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress
    Chemical Substances DNA, Mitochondrial ; Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2506521-X
    ISSN 1758-9193 ; 1758-9193
    ISSN (online) 1758-9193
    ISSN 1758-9193
    DOI 10.1186/s13195-023-01322-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Multiomics Investigation of Hypertension and White Matter Hyperintensity as a Source of Vascular Dementia or a Comorbidity to Alzheimer's Disease.

    Pathak, Gita A / Barber, Robert C / Phillips, Nicole R

    Current Alzheimer research

    2021  Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) 171–177

    Abstract: Background: Age-related comorbidity is common and significantly increases the burden for the healthcare of the elderly. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and hypertension are the two most prevalent age-related conditions and are highly comorbid. While ... ...

    Abstract Background: Age-related comorbidity is common and significantly increases the burden for the healthcare of the elderly. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and hypertension are the two most prevalent age-related conditions and are highly comorbid. While hypertension is a risk factor for vascular dementia (VD), hypertension with AD (ADHyp+) is often characterized as probable vascular dementia. In the absence of imaging and other diagnostic tests, differentiating the two pathological states is difficult.
    Objective: Our goals are to (1) identify differences in CSF-based vascular dementia profiles, if any, between individuals who have AD only (ADHyp-), and individuals with ADHyp+ using CSF levels of amyloid β, tau and p-tau, and (2) compare genome-wide DNA profiles of ADHyp- and ADHyp+ with an unaffected control population.
    Method: Genotype and clinical data were used to compare healthy controls to AD Hyp- vs. AD Hyp+. We compared the CSF biomarkers followed by evaluating genome wide profiles in three groups, and mapped SNPs to genes based on position and lowest p-value. The significant genes were examined for co-expression and known disease networks.
    Results: We found no differences between Aβ, tau and p-tau levels between ADHyp- and ADHyp+. We found TOMM40 to be associated with ADHyp- as expected but not with ADHyp+. Interestingly, SLC9A3R2 polymorphism was associated with ADHyp+, and significant gene expression changes were observed for neighboring genes.
    Conclusion: Through this exploratory study using a novel cohort stratification design, we highlight the genetic differences in clinically similar phenotypes, indicating the utility of genetic profiling in aiding differential diagnosis of ADHyp+ and VD.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/cerebrospinal fluid ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Amyloid/cerebrospinal fluid ; Comorbidity ; Dementia, Vascular/cerebrospinal fluid ; Dementia, Vascular/diagnosis ; Female ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Hypertension/complications ; Male ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics ; Middle Aged ; Phosphoproteins/genetics ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers/genetics ; White Matter/pathology ; tau Proteins/cerebrospinal fluid
    Chemical Substances Amyloid ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; Phosphoproteins ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers ; TOMM40 protein, human ; sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor ; tau Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-08
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2205170-3
    ISSN 1875-5828 ; 1567-2050
    ISSN (online) 1875-5828
    ISSN 1567-2050
    DOI 10.2174/1567205018666210422133547
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Mitochondrial DNA oxidative mutations are elevated in Mexican American women potentially implicating Alzheimer's disease.

    Reid, Danielle Marie / Barber, Robert C / Thorpe, Roland J / Sun, Jie / Zhou, Zhengyang / Phillips, Nicole R

    npj aging

    2022  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 2

    Abstract: Mexican Americans (MAs) are the fastest-growing Hispanic population segment in the US; as this population increases in age, so will the societal burden of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage may be ... ...

    Abstract Mexican Americans (MAs) are the fastest-growing Hispanic population segment in the US; as this population increases in age, so will the societal burden of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage may be implicated in MA AD risk since metabolic comorbidities are more prevalent in this group. Oxidative damage to guanosine (8oxoG) is one of the most prevalent DNA lesions and a putative indicator of mitochondrial dysfunction. Testing blood samples from participants of the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium, we found mtDNA 8oxoG mutational load to be significantly higher in MAs compared to non-Hispanic whites and that MA females are differentially affected. Furthermore, we identified specific mtDNA haplotypes that confer increased risk for oxidative damage and suggestive evidence that cognitive function may be related to 8oxoG burden. Our understanding of these phenomena will elucidate population- and sex-specific mechanisms of AD pathogenesis, informing the development of more precise interventions and therapeutic approaches for MAs with AD in the future.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2731-6068
    ISSN (online) 2731-6068
    DOI 10.1038/s41514-022-00082-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Integrative Blood-Based Characterization of Oxidative Mitochondrial DNA Damage Variants Implicates Mexican Americans' Metabolic Risk for Developing Alzheimer's Disease.

    Reid, Danielle Marie / Barber, Robert C / Jones, Harlan P / Thorpe, Roland J / Sun, Jie / Zhou, Zhengyang / Phillips, Nicole R

    Research square

    2023  

    Abstract: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) continues to be a leading cause of death in the US. As the US aging population (ages 65+) expands, the impact will disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, e.g., Hispanic/Latinx population, due to their AD-related health ...

    Abstract Alzheimer's Disease (AD) continues to be a leading cause of death in the US. As the US aging population (ages 65+) expands, the impact will disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, e.g., Hispanic/Latinx population, due to their AD-related health disparities. Age-related regression in mitochondrial activity and ethnic-specific differences in metabolic burden could potentially explain in part the racial/ethnic distinctions in etiology that exist for AD. Oxidation of guanine (G) to 8-oxo-guanine (8oxoG) is a prevalent lesion and an indicator of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Damaged mtDNA (8oxoG) can serve as an important marker of age-related systemic metabolic dysfunction and upon release into peripheral circulation may exacerbate pathophysiology contributing to AD development and/or progression. Analyzing blood samples from Mexican American (MA) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) participants enrolled in the Texas Alzheimer's Research & Care Consortium, we used blood-based measurements of 8oxoG from both buffy coat PBMCs and plasma to determine associations with population, sex, type-2 diabetes, and AD risk. Our results show that 8oxoG levels in both buffy coat and plasma were significantly associated with population, sex, years of education, and reveal a potential association with AD. Furthermore, MAs are significantly burdened by mtDNA oxidative damage in both blood fractions, which may contribute to their metabolic vulnerability to developing AD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2666242/v1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Integrative blood-based characterization of oxidative mitochondrial DNA damage variants implicates Mexican American's metabolic risk for developing Alzheimer's disease.

    Reid, Danielle Marie / Barber, Robert C / Jones, Harlan P / Thorpe, Roland J / Sun, Jie / Zhou, Zhengyang / Phillips, Nicole R

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 14765

    Abstract: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) continues to be a leading cause of death in the US. As the US aging population (ages 65 +) expands, the impact will disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, e.g., Hispanic/Latino population, due to their AD-related ... ...

    Abstract Alzheimer's Disease (AD) continues to be a leading cause of death in the US. As the US aging population (ages 65 +) expands, the impact will disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, e.g., Hispanic/Latino population, due to their AD-related health disparities. Age-related regression in mitochondrial activity and ethnic-specific differences in metabolic burden could potentially explain in part the racial/ethnic distinctions in etiology that exist for AD. Oxidation of guanine (G) to 8-oxo-guanine (8oxoG) is a prevalent lesion and an indicator of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Damaged mtDNA (8oxoG) can serve as an important marker of age-related systemic metabolic dysfunction and upon release into peripheral circulation may exacerbate pathophysiology contributing to AD development and/or progression. Analyzing blood samples from Mexican American (MA) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) participants enrolled in the Texas Alzheimer's Research & Care Consortium, we used blood-based measurements of 8oxoG from both buffy coat PBMCs and plasma to determine associations with population, sex, type-2 diabetes, and AD risk. Our results show that 8oxoG levels in both buffy coat and plasma were significantly associated with population, sex, years of education, and reveal a potential association with AD. Furthermore, MAs are significantly burdened by mtDNA oxidative damage in both blood fractions, which may contribute to their metabolic vulnerability to developing AD.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Guanine ; Mexican Americans/genetics ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Oxidative Stress/genetics ; DNA Damage/genetics ; White/genetics
    Chemical Substances DNA, Mitochondrial ; Guanine (5Z93L87A1R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-41190-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: The genetics of Alzheimer's disease.

    Barber, Robert C

    Scientifica

    2012  Volume 2012, Page(s) 246210

    Abstract: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that represents a growing global health crisis. Two major forms of the disease exist: early onset (familial) and late onset (sporadic). Early onset Alzheimer's is rare, accounting for less ... ...

    Abstract Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that represents a growing global health crisis. Two major forms of the disease exist: early onset (familial) and late onset (sporadic). Early onset Alzheimer's is rare, accounting for less than 5% of disease burden. It is inherited in Mendelian dominant fashion and is caused by mutations in three genes (APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2). Late onset Alzheimer's is common among individuals over 65 years of age. Heritability of this form of the disease is high (79%), but the etiology is driven by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. A large number of genes have been implicated in the development of late onset Alzheimer's. Examples that have been confirmed by multiple studies include ABCA7, APOE, BIN1, CD2AP, CD33, CLU, CR1, EPHA1, MS4A4A/MS4A4E/MS4A6E, PICALM, and SORL1. Despite tremendous progress over the past three decades, roughly half of the heritability for the late onset of the disease remains unidentified. Finding the remaining genetic factors that contribute to the development of late onset Alzheimer's disease holds the potential to provide novel targets for treatment and prevention, leading to the development of effective strategies to combat this devastating disease.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-12-31
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2672321-9
    ISSN 2090-908X
    ISSN 2090-908X
    DOI 10.6064/2012/246210
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer disease.

    Barber, Robert C

    The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association

    2010  Volume 110, Issue 9 Suppl 8, Page(s) S10–5

    Abstract: The existence of an effective biomarker for early detection of Alzheimer disease would facilitate improved diagnosis and stimulate therapeutic trials. Multidisciplinary clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease is time consuming and expensive and relies on ...

    Abstract The existence of an effective biomarker for early detection of Alzheimer disease would facilitate improved diagnosis and stimulate therapeutic trials. Multidisciplinary clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease is time consuming and expensive and relies on experts who are rarely available outside of specialty clinics. Thus, many patients do not receive proper diagnosis until the disease has progressed beyond stages in which treatments are maximally effective. In the clinical trial setting, rapid, cost-effective screening of patients for Alzheimer disease is of paramount importance for the development of new treatments. Neuroimaging of cortical amyloid burden and volumetric changes in the brain and assessment of protein concentrations (eg, β-amyloid 1-42, total tau, phosphorylated tau) in cerebrospinal fluid are diagnostic tools that are not widely available. Known genetic markers do not provide sufficient discriminatory power between different forms of dementia to be useful in isolation. Recent studies using panels of biomarkers for diagnosis of Alzheimer disease or mild cognitive impairment have been promising, though no such studies have been cross-validated in independent samples of subjects. The ideal biomarker enabling early detection of Alzheimer disease has not yet been identified.
    MeSH term(s) Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Genetic Markers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 410350-6
    ISSN 1945-1997 ; 0003-0287 ; 0098-6151
    ISSN (online) 1945-1997
    ISSN 0003-0287 ; 0098-6151
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: A Synthetic Formula Amino Acid Diet Leads to Microbiome Dysbiosis, Reduced Colon Length, Inflammation, and Altered Locomotor Activity in C57BL/6J Mice.

    Mancilla, Viviana J / Braden-Kuhle, Paige N / Brice, Kelly N / Mann, Allison E / Williams, Megan T / Zhang, Yan / Chumley, Michael J / Barber, Robert C / White, Sabrina N / Boehm, Gary W / Allen, Michael S

    Microorganisms

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 11

    Abstract: The effects of synthetic, free-amino acid diets, similar to those prescribed as supplements for (phenylketonuria) PKU patients, on gut microbiota and overall health are not well understood. In the current, multidisciplinary study, we examined the effects ...

    Abstract The effects of synthetic, free-amino acid diets, similar to those prescribed as supplements for (phenylketonuria) PKU patients, on gut microbiota and overall health are not well understood. In the current, multidisciplinary study, we examined the effects of a synthetically-derived, low-fiber, amino acid diet on behavior, cognition, gut microbiome composition, and inflammatory markers. A cohort of 20 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to either a standard or synthetic diet (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms11112694
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Two-stage Bayesian GWAS of 9576 individuals identifies SNP regions that are targeted by miRNAs inversely expressed in Alzheimer's and cancer.

    Pathak, Gita A / Zhou, Zhengyang / Silzer, Talisa K / Barber, Robert C / Phillips, Nicole R

    Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association

    2019  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 162–177

    Abstract: Introduction: We compared genetic variants between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and two age-related cancers-breast and prostate -to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with inverse comorbidity of AD and cancer.: Methods: ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: We compared genetic variants between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and two age-related cancers-breast and prostate -to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with inverse comorbidity of AD and cancer.
    Methods: Bayesian multinomial regression was used to compare sex-stratified cases (AD and cancer) against controls in a two-stage study. A ±500 KB region around each replicated hit was imputed and analyzed after merging individuals from the two stages. The microRNAs (miRNAs) that target the genes involving these SNPs were analyzed for miRNA family enrichment.
    Results: We identified 137 variants with inverse odds ratios for AD and cancer located on chromosomes 19, 4, and 5. The mapped miRNAs within the network were enriched for miR-17 and miR-515 families.
    Discussion: The identified SNPs were rs4298154 (intergenic), within TOMM40/APOE/APOC1, MARK4, CLPTM1, and near the VDAC1/FSTL4 locus. The miRNAs identified in our network have been previously reported to have inverse expression in AD and cancer.
    MeSH term(s) Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Bayes Theorem ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
    Chemical Substances CLPTM1 protein, human ; Membrane Proteins ; MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2211627-8
    ISSN 1552-5279 ; 1552-5260
    ISSN (online) 1552-5279
    ISSN 1552-5260
    DOI 10.1002/alz.12003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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