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Article ; Online: Promotion of physical activity for adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a qualitative study of UK multi disciplinary cystic fibrosis teams.

Denford, S / Mackintosh, K A / McNarry, M A / Barker, A R / Williams, C A

2019 Volume 106, Page(s) 111–118

Abstract: Background: The Cystic Fibrosis Trust recently published a standards of care document which stated that patients should be given a physical activity (PA) programme based on their motivations, fitness, and willingness to be active. However, there remains ...

Abstract	Background: The Cystic Fibrosis Trust recently published a standards of care document which stated that patients should be given a physical activity (PA) programme based on their motivations, fitness, and willingness to be active. However, there remains much debate regarding the roles and responsibilities for PA promotion, as well as "optimal" recommendations and advice. This study aimed to qualitatively explore cystic fibrosis (CF) multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) advice, recommendations and practices relating to PA promotion for adolescents with CF. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen members of CF MDTs (11 physiotherapists, two dieticians and two paediatricians). Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Major themes identified were: (1) structure of MDTs, (2) recommendations relating to intensities, durations and types of PA, and (3) use of exercise testing. Participants reported variation between MDTs in terms of who is responsible for promoting and supporting PA, the nature of advice given to patients, and the use of exercise testing. Participants consistently lacked confidence in their own or others' knowledge to provide standardised recommendations to patients and highlighted that PA promotion and support was often overlooked during busy periods. Conclusions: Despite its importance, PA support and promotion is not always prioritised. MDTs lack confidence in their ability to promote PA. Standardised advice and training relating to optimal intensities, durations and types of PA would provide a baseline from which to individualise advice to each patient and could increase confidence in PA promotion among MDTs.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Cystic Fibrosis/therapy ; Exercise ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Patient Care Team ; Qualitative Research ; Standard of Care ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	391109-3
ISSN	1873-1465 ; 0031-9406
ISSN (online)	1873-1465
ISSN	0031-9406
DOI	10.1016/j.physio.2019.01.012
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Article ; Online: Using photo-elicitation to explore perceptions of physical activity among young people with cystic fibrosis.

Denford, S / Hill, D M / Mackintosh, K A / McNarry, M A / Barker, A R / Williams, C A

BMC pulmonary medicine

2019 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 220

Abstract: Background: Physical activity is recommended in the management of cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of this study was to explore motives, barriers and enablers to physical activity among this population.: Methods: Twelve participants (12-18 years) were ... ...

Abstract	Background: Physical activity is recommended in the management of cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of this study was to explore motives, barriers and enablers to physical activity among this population. Methods: Twelve participants (12-18 years) were recruited via convenience sampling. Photo-elicitation alongside semi-structured interviews were used to explore participants' views and experiences of physical activity. Results: Our findings revealed motives for physical activity including health, enjoyment and autonomy. Those with families who valued physical activity tended to have positive attitudes towards physical activity, and valued and integrated it into their lives. Moreover, they were likely to be intrinsically motivated to be active. Several factors enable and act as barriers to physical activity. Whilst CF influenced physical activity, the majority of enablers and barriers raised where congruent with the general populations. Conclusion: This study provides support that healthcare providers should encourage both young people with CF and their families to be active, and subsequently informs the development of clinical interventions to support physical activity among young people with CF and their families.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Attitude to Health ; Child ; Cystic Fibrosis/psychology ; Cystic Fibrosis/rehabilitation ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Motivation ; Patient Compliance ; Qualitative Research ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2059871-3
ISSN	1471-2466 ; 1471-2466
ISSN (online)	1471-2466
ISSN	1471-2466
DOI	10.1186/s12890-019-0985-5
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Article ; Online: The independent and interactive associations of physical activity intensity and vitamin D status with bone mineral density in prepubertal children: the PANIC Study.

Constable, A M / Vlachopoulos, D / Barker, A R / Moore, S A / Soininen, S / Haapala, E A / Väistö, J / Westgate, K / Brage, S / Mahonen, A / Lakka, T A

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA

2021 Volume 32, Issue 8, Page(s) 1609–1620

Abstract: It is unclear how physical activity intensity and vitamin D status are related to bone health in prepubertal children. We found positive associations between vitamin D status and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with bone in boys and girls. This ... ...

Abstract	It is unclear how physical activity intensity and vitamin D status are related to bone health in prepubertal children. We found positive associations between vitamin D status and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with bone in boys and girls. This highlights the importance of lifestyle factors for skeletal health prepuberty. Introduction: The sex-specific independent and interactive associations of physical activity (PA) intensity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were investigated in prepubertal children. Methods: The participants were 366 prepubertal Finnish children (190 boys, 176 girls) aged 6-8 years. Linear regression analysed the associations of sedentary time (ST), light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and vigorous PA (VPA) measured by accelerometery, and serum 25(OH)D with total body less head (TBLH) and lower-limb aBMD, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: There was no interaction between PA intensity or serum 25(OH)D and sex with aBMD. MPA and MVPA were positively associated with TBLH and lower-limb aBMD (β = 0.11, 95% CI 0.02-0.20, p = 0.01). Serum 25(OH)D was positively associated with TBLH and lower-limb aBMD (β = 0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.18, p = 0.03). There were no interactions between PA intensity and serum 25(OH)D with aBMD. Conclusion: Vitamin D status, MPA and MVPA levels in active prepubertal children were positively associated with aBMD. The influence of MVPA is due to the MPA component, though our findings regarding the role of VPA should be interpreted with caution, as shorter accelerometer epochs are needed to more accurately assess VPA. This study adds evidence to the promotion of MPA and behaviours to encourage optimal vitamin D status in supporting skeletal health in childhood, though these need not be used in conjunction to be beneficial, and a sex-specific approach is not necessary in prepubertal children. Trial registration number: NCT01803776 . Date of registration: 4/03/2013.
MeSH term(s)	Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density ; Child ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sedentary Behavior ; Vitamin D
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Controlled Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1064892-6
ISSN	1433-2965 ; 0937-941X
ISSN (online)	1433-2965
ISSN	0937-941X
DOI	10.1007/s00198-021-05872-z
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Article ; Online: The reliability of (31)P-MRS and NIRS measurements of spinal muscle function.

Fulford, J / Liepa, A / Barker, A R / Meakin, J

International journal of sports medicine

2014 Volume 35, Issue 13, Page(s) 1078–1083

Abstract: While phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provide methods for measuring spinal muscle function non-invasively, their reliability is not established. The aim of this study was assess the ... ...

Abstract	While phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provide methods for measuring spinal muscle function non-invasively, their reliability is not established. The aim of this study was assess the reliability (ICC) and error magnitude (CV%) of measurements of muscle phosphocreatine (PCr), tissue oxygenation index (TOI) and muscle deoxyhaemoglobin (HHb) acquired during fatigue and in recovery after 24 s of exercise in the lumbar muscles. 10 healthy participants (19-25 years, 5 male, 5 female) performed exercise that involved holding the upper body unsupported in slight extension until fatigue and then, after 30 min of rest, for repeated bursts of 24 s. ICCs indicated good to excellent reliability of baseline measures (TOI: 0.75) and of amplitude changes during fatigue (PCr: 0.73, TOI: 0.69, HHb: 0.80) and recovery (HHb: 0.96), and poor to fair reliability for time constants describing rates of change during fatigue (PCr: 0.11) and recovery (PCr: 0.31, HHb: 0.47). CV% indicated varying relative measurement error across baseline measures (TOI: 5%), amplitude changes during fatigue (PCr: 7%, TOI: 38%, HHb: 31%) and recovery (HHb: 31%), and in time constants for fatigue (PCr: 39%) and recovery (PCr: 20%, HHb: 37%). The results suggested that reliability would be sufficient for future studies on spinal muscle function, but that measurement error may be too large to evaluate individuals.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Back Muscles/metabolism ; Exercise/physiology ; Female ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Muscle Fatigue/physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Phosphocreatine/metabolism ; Phosphorus Isotopes ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Hemoglobins ; Phosphorus Isotopes ; Phosphocreatine (020IUV4N33) ; deoxyhemoglobin (9008-02-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603122-5
ISSN	1439-3964 ; 0172-4622 ; 0943-917X
ISSN (online)	1439-3964
ISSN	0172-4622 ; 0943-917X
DOI	10.1055/s-0034-1372639
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Article ; Online: Establishing maximal oxygen uptake in young people during a ramp cycle test to exhaustion.

Barker, A R / Williams, C A / Jones, A M / Armstrong, N

British journal of sports medicine

2011 Volume 45, Issue 6, Page(s) 498–503

Abstract: Objectives: This study tested the hypotheses that (1) secondary criteria (respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate, blood [lactate]) traditionally used to verify the determination of maximum oxygen uptake (VO₂(max)) in children can result in the ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: This study tested the hypotheses that (1) secondary criteria (respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate, blood [lactate]) traditionally used to verify the determination of maximum oxygen uptake (VO₂(max)) in children can result in the acceptance of a 'submaximal' VO₂(max) or falsely reject a 'true' VO(₂max) and (2) the VO₂(peak) recorded during a ramp test in children is comparable to the VO₂(peak) achieved during supramaximal testing. Methods: Thirteen children (9-10 years) completed a ramp cycle test to exhaustion to determine their VO₂(peak). After 15 min of recovery, the participants performed a supramaximal cycle test to exhaustion at 105% of their ramp test peak power. Results: Compared with the VO₂(peak) during the ramp test, a significantly lower VO₂ was recorded at a RER of 1.00 (1.293 litre/min (SD 0.265) vs 1.681 litre/min (SD 0.295), p < 0.001, n = 12), at a heart rate of 195 beats/min (1.556 litre/min (SD 0.265) vs 1.721 litre/min (SD 0.318), p < 0.001, n = 10) and at 85% of age-predicted maximum (1.345 litre/min (SD 0.228) vs 1.690 litre/min (SD 0.284), p < 0.001, n = 13). Supramaximal testing yielded a VO₂(peak) that was not significantly different from the ramp test (1.615 litre/min (SD 0.307) vs 1.690 litre/min (SD 0.284), p = 0.090, respectively). Conclusions: The use of secondary criteria to verify a maximal effort in young people during ramp cycling exercise may result in the acceptance of a submaximal VO₂(max). As supramaximal testing elicits a VO₂(peak) similar to the ramp protocol, thus satisfying the plateau criterion, the use of such tests is recommended as the appropriate method of confirming a 'true' VO₂(max) with children.
MeSH term(s)	Bicycling/physiology ; Child ; Exercise/physiology ; Exercise Test ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Humans ; Lactic Acid/blood ; Muscle Fatigue/physiology ; Oxygen Consumption/physiology ; Physical Endurance/physiology ; Pulmonary Gas Exchange/physiology
Chemical Substances	Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	600592-5
ISSN	1473-0480 ; 0306-3674
ISSN (online)	1473-0480
ISSN	0306-3674
DOI	10.1136/bjsm.2009.063180
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Article: The Reliability of 31P-MRS and NIRS Measurements of Spinal Muscle Function

Fulford, J. / Liepa, A. / Barker, A. R. / Meakin, J.

International Journal of Sports Medicine

2014 Volume 35, Issue 13, Page(s) 1078–1083

Abstract: While phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 31 P-MRS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provide methods for measuring spinal muscle function non-invasively, their reliability is not established. The aim of this study was assess the ... ...

Abstract	While phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 31 P-MRS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provide methods for measuring spinal muscle function non-invasively, their reliability is not established. The aim of this study was assess the reliability (ICC) and error magnitude (CV%) of measurements of muscle phosphocreatine (PCr), tissue oxygenation index (TOI) and muscle deoxyhaemoglobin (HHb) acquired during fatigue and in recovery after 24 s of exercise in the lumbar muscles. 10 healthy participants (19–25 years, 5 male, 5 female) performed exercise that involved holding the upper body unsupported in slight extension until fatigue and then, after 30 min of rest, for repeated bursts of 24 s. ICCs indicated good to excellent reliability of baseline measures (TOI: 0.75) and of amplitude changes during fatigue (PCr: 0.73, TOI: 0.69, HHb: 0.80) and recovery (HHb: 0.96), and poor to fair reliability for time constants describing rates of change during fatigue (PCr: 0.11) and recovery (PCr: 0.31, HHb: 0.47). CV% indicated varying relative measurement error across baseline measures (TOI: 5%), amplitude changes during fatigue (PCr: 7%, TOI: 38%, HHb: 31%) and recovery (HHb: 31%), and in time constants for fatigue (PCr: 39%) and recovery (PCr: 20%, HHb: 37%). The results suggested that reliability would be sufficient for future studies on spinal muscle function, but that measurement error may be too large to evaluate individuals.
Keywords	lumbar spine muscles ; phosphocreatine ; tissue oxygenation index ; deoxyhaemoglobin
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-06-30
Publisher	© Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	603122-5
ISSN	1439-3964 ; 0172-4622 ; 0943-917X
ISSN (online)	1439-3964
ISSN	0172-4622 ; 0943-917X
DOI	10.1055/s-0034-1372639
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article ; Online: Exercise intensity and the protection from postprandial vascular dysfunction in adolescents.

Bond, B / Gates, P E / Jackman, S R / Corless, L M / Williams, C A / Barker, A R

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology

2015 Volume 308, Issue 11, Page(s) H1443–50

Abstract: Acute exercise transiently improves endothelial function and protects the vasculature from the deleterious effects of a high-fat meal (HFM). We sought to identify whether this response is dependent on exercise intensity in adolescents. Twenty adolescents ...

Abstract	Acute exercise transiently improves endothelial function and protects the vasculature from the deleterious effects of a high-fat meal (HFM). We sought to identify whether this response is dependent on exercise intensity in adolescents. Twenty adolescents (10 male, 14.3 ± 0.3 yr) completed three 1-day trials: 1) rest (CON); 2) 8 × 1 min cycling at 90% peak power with 75 s recovery [high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)]; and 3) cycling at 90% of the gas exchange threshold [moderate-intensity exercise (MIE)] 1 h before consuming a HFM (1.50 g/kg fat). Macrovascular and microvascular endothelial function was assessed before and immediately after exercise and 3 h after the HFM by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and laser Doppler imaging [peak reactive hyperemia (PRH)]. FMD and PRH increased 1 h after HIIE [P < 0.001, effect size (ES) = 1.20 and P = 0.048, ES = 0.56] but were unchanged after MIE. FMD and PRH were attenuated 3 h after the HFM in CON (P < 0.001, ES = 1.78 and P = 0.02, ES = 0.59). FMD remained greater 3 h after the HFM in HIIE compared with MIE (P < 0.001, ES = 1.47) and CON (P < 0.001, ES = 2.54), and in MIE compared with CON (P < 0.001, ES = 1.40). Compared with CON, PRH was greater 3 h after the HFM in HIIE (P = 0.02, ES = 0.71) and MIE (P = 0.02, ES = 0.84), with no differences between HIIE and MIE (P = 0.72, ES = 0.16). Plasma triacylglycerol concentration and total antioxidant status concentration were not different between trials. We conclude that exercise intensity plays an important role in protecting the vasculature from the deleterious effects of a HFM. Performing HIIE may provide superior vascular benefits than MIE in adolescent groups.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiology ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Postprandial Period ; Vascular Diseases/etiology ; Vascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Vasodilation
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603838-4
ISSN	1522-1539 ; 0363-6135
ISSN (online)	1522-1539
ISSN	0363-6135
DOI	10.1152/ajpheart.00074.2015
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Article: Determination of somatropin charged variants by capillary zone electrophoresis - optimisation, verification and implementation of the European pharmacopoeia method.

Storms, S M / Feltus, A / Barker, A R / Joly, M-A / Girard, M

Pharmeuropa scientific notes

2009 Volume 2009, Issue 1, Page(s) 25–36

Abstract: Measurement of somatropin charged variants by isoelectric focusing was replaced with capillary zone electrophoresis in the January 2006 European Pharmacopoeia Supplement 5.3, based on results from an interlaboratory collaborative study. Due to ... ...

Abstract	Measurement of somatropin charged variants by isoelectric focusing was replaced with capillary zone electrophoresis in the January 2006 European Pharmacopoeia Supplement 5.3, based on results from an interlaboratory collaborative study. Due to incompatibilities and method-robustness issues encountered prior to verification, a number of method parameters required optimisation. As the use of a diode array detector at 195 nm or 200 nm led to a loss of resolution, a variable wavelength detector using a 200 nm filter was employed. Improved injection repeatability was obtained by increasing the injection time and pressure, and changing the sample diluent from water to running buffer. Finally, definition of capillary pre-treatment and rinse procedures resulted in more consistent separations over time. Method verification data are presented demonstrating linearity, specificity, repeatability, intermediate precision, limit of quantitation, sample stability, solution stability, and robustness. Based on these experiments, several modifications to the current method have been recommended and incorporated into the European Pharmacopoeia to help improve method performance across laboratories globally.
MeSH term(s)	Capillary Electrochromatography ; Drug Stability ; Human Growth Hormone/analysis ; Humans ; Pharmaceutical Solutions/analysis ; Pharmacopoeias as Topic ; Recombinant Proteins/analysis ; Reproducibility of Results
Chemical Substances	Pharmaceutical Solutions ; Recombinant Proteins ; Human Growth Hormone (12629-01-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-03
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2216024-3
ISSN	1814-2435
ISSN	1814-2435
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Article: Influence of clinical mastitis during early lactation on reproductive performance of Jersey cows.

Barker, A R / Schrick, F N / Lewis, M J / Dowlen, H H / Oliver, S P

Journal of dairy science

1998 Volume 81, Issue 5, Page(s) 1285–1290

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of clinical mastitis on reproductive performance of high producing Jersey cows. Cows (n = 102) with clinical mastitis during the first 150 d of lactation were evaluated. Groups were balanced ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of clinical mastitis on reproductive performance of high producing Jersey cows. Cows (n = 102) with clinical mastitis during the first 150 d of lactation were evaluated. Groups were balanced according to lactation number and days of lactation and sub-divided as follows: group 1, clinical mastitis before first artificial insemination (AI) (n = 48); group 2, clinical mastitis between first AI and pregnancy (n = 14); group 3, clinical mastitis after confirmed pregnancy (n = 40); and group 4, control cows (n = 103) with no clinical mastitis. No differences in reproductive performance were detected because of milk production or mastitis caused by Gram-positive or Gram-negative pathogens. The number of days to first AI was significantly greater for cows with clinical mastitis before first AI (93.6 d) than for all other groups (71.0 d). Artificial inseminations per conception were significantly greater for cows with clinical mastitis after first AI (2.9) than for cows with clinical mastitis before first AI (1.6), cows with no clinical mastitis, or cows with clinical mastitis after confirmed pregnancy (1.7). The number of days to conception for cows with clinical mastitis after first AI (136.6 d) was significantly greater than that for control cows and that for cows that developed clinical mastitis after confirmed pregnancy (92.1 d). Clinical mastitis during early lactation markedly influenced reproductive performance of Jersey cows.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary ; Female ; Fertilization ; Insemination, Artificial/veterinary ; Lactation/physiology ; Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology ; Mastitis, Bovine/physiopathology ; Pregnancy ; Seasons ; Streptococcal Infections/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	1998-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75690-5
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Article: FIP/AAPS Joint Workshop Report: Dissolution/Vitro Release Testing of Novel/Special Dosage Forms. (Teil 1)

Brown, C. K. / Friedel, H. D. / Barker, A. R. / Buhse, L. F. / Keitel, S. / Cecil, T. L. / Kraemer, J. / Morris, J. M. / Reppas, C. / Stickelmeyer, M. P. / Yomota, C. / Shah, V. P.

Die pharmazeutische Industrie

2012 Volume 74, Issue 6, Page(s) 988

Language	German
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	218664-0
ISSN	0031-711X
Database	Current Contents Medicine

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