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Article: Perceptions of the Fourth Agricultural Revolution: What’s In, What’s Out, and What Consequences are Anticipated?

Barrett, Hannah / Rose, David Christian

Sociologia ruralis. 2022 Apr., v. 62, no. 2

2022

Abstract: Technological advancement is seen as one way of sustainably intensifying agriculture. Scholars argue that innovation needs to be responsible, but it is difficult to anticipate the consequences of the ‘fourth agricultural revolution’ without a clear sense ...

Abstract	Technological advancement is seen as one way of sustainably intensifying agriculture. Scholars argue that innovation needs to be responsible, but it is difficult to anticipate the consequences of the ‘fourth agricultural revolution’ without a clear sense of which technologies are included and excluded. The major aims of this article were to investigate which technologies are being associated with the fourth agricultural revolution, as well as to understand how this revolution is being perceived, whether positive or negative consequences are given equal attention, and what type of impacts are anticipated. To this end, we undertook a content analysis of UK media and policy documents alongside interviews of farmers and advisers. We found that the fourth agricultural revolution is associated with emergent, game‐changing technologies, at least in media and policy documents. In these sources, the benefits to productivity and the environment were prioritised with less attention to social consequences, but impacts were overwhelmingly presented positively. Farmers and advisers experienced many benefits of technologies and some predicted higher‐tech futures. It was clear, however, that technologies create a number of negative consequences. We reflect on these findings and provide advice to policy‐makers about how to interrogate the benefits, opportunities, and risks afforded by agricultural technologies.
Keywords	farmers ; interviews ; issues and policy ; risk ; social impact ; technology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Size	p. 162-189.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	7044-0
ISSN	1467-9523 ; 0038-0199
ISSN (online)	1467-9523
ISSN	0038-0199
DOI	10.1111/soru.12324
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Move, migrate, or tolerate: Quantifying three tactics for cold‐water fish coping with warm summers in a large river

Barrett, Hannah S. / Armstrong, Jonathan B.

Ecosphere. 2022 June, v. 13, no. 6

2022

Abstract: Mainstem rivers are important for provisioning cold‐water fisheries and often support fluvial life histories that grow much larger than resident counterparts in tributaries. However, mainstem rivers are also warmer than tributaries during summer and more ...

Abstract	Mainstem rivers are important for provisioning cold‐water fisheries and often support fluvial life histories that grow much larger than resident counterparts in tributaries. However, mainstem rivers are also warmer than tributaries during summer and more tightly coupled to regional climate. A key challenge is to understand how fluvial life histories cope with summer temperatures in mainstem rivers, both now and in a warmer future. Here, we outline three options: tolerance, exploitation of cool microhabitats, or migration to cooler tributaries. We quantified the relative prevalence of these responses in the wild using a Lagrangian approach. Specifically, we used temperature transmitting radio‐tags to track coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) habitat use across 100 km of the Willamette River, which exhibited a maximum temperature of 22°C. We found that 89.8% of fish stayed in the mainstem and tolerated high temperatures; 6.5% of the population exploited cool floodplain alcoves; and 3.7% moved into a cool tributary, the McKenzie River. We also found that on average, larger fish opted to use cold‐water refuge habitats rather than tolerate mainstem river temperatures. The expression of all three coping tactics suggests this population has adaptive capacity to respond to future warming. More work is needed to understand how the relative expression of these tactics change depending on the severity of heat stress or nontemperature attributes of mainstem, floodplain, and tributary habitat.
Keywords	Oncorhynchus clarkii ; climate ; cold-water fish ; floodplains ; habitat preferences ; heat stress ; rivers ; summer ; water
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-06
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2572257-8
ISSN	2150-8925
ISSN	2150-8925
DOI	10.1002/ecs2.4095
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: One hundred eighteen days on a ventilator: a COVID-19 success story against all odds.

Chia, Germaine / Barrett, Hannah / Patel, Parind / Soni, Sanooj

BMJ case reports

2021 Volume 14, Issue 3

Abstract: Emerging data suggest that patients with certain comorbidities requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission for COVID-19 have a poor prognosis. This report describes a case of a patient with multiple comorbidities who contracted COVID-19 pneumonitis but ...

Abstract	Emerging data suggest that patients with certain comorbidities requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission for COVID-19 have a poor prognosis. This report describes a case of a patient with multiple comorbidities who contracted COVID-19 pneumonitis but was successfully weaned off invasive mechanical ventilation after 118 days, despite his admission being complicated by recurrent septic episodes and requirement for advanced cardiovascular support and renal replacement therapy. Of note, our patient received three courses of steroids in total during his ICU stay,and current literature strongly supports the use of steroids in critically unwell patients with COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest reported ventilated time and intensive care/hospital stay for a surviving patient with COVID-19 and highlights the importance of allowing sufficient time for clinical interventions to take effect, even when the prognosis appears bleak.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/therapy ; Comorbidity ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia/therapy ; Pneumonia/virology ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Respiration, Artificial ; Sepsis/complications ; Sepsis/drug therapy ; Steroids/therapeutic use ; United Kingdom ; Ventilator Weaning ; Ventilators, Mechanical
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; Steroids
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1757-790X
ISSN (online)	1757-790X
DOI	10.1136/bcr-2020-239631
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Article ; Online: Capillary Electrophoresis-Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection as a Highly Sensitive and Quality Control-Friendly Method for Monitoring Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Protein Purity.

Zhang, Zichuan / Park, Jeehae / Barrett, Hannah / Dooley, Scott / Davies, Claire / Verhagen, Marc F

Human gene therapy

2021 Volume 32, Issue 11-12, Page(s) 628–637

Abstract: The capsid protein purity of adeno-associated virus (AAV) is considered a critical quality attribute of AAV-based gene therapy products. However, the analytical methods currently available to monitor the viral capsid proteins, which are present in ... ...

Abstract	The capsid protein purity of adeno-associated virus (AAV) is considered a critical quality attribute of AAV-based gene therapy products. However, the analytical methods currently available to monitor the viral capsid proteins, which are present in extremely low concentrations, have limited sensitivity and robustness, thus limiting their general applicability. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop robust separation methods with highly sensitive detection. In this article, we describe the first denaturation and fluorescence labeling procedure for AAV capsid proteins using the pyrylium dye Chromeo™ P503, enabling the establishment of the first capillary electrophoresis-sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS) method combined with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection for AAV. Upon optimization using a quality-by-design approach, the newly developed method features a simple and robust one-step sample preparation workflow resulting in consistently labeled and denatured viral protein samples, which can subsequently be separated and quantified by CE-LIF. The method has been validated to be accurate and precise with a linear range of 50-150% of the nominal concentration of 2.0 × 10
MeSH term(s)	Capsid Proteins/genetics ; Dependovirus/genetics ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Lasers ; Quality Control ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Chemical Substances	Capsid Proteins ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (368GB5141J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1028152-6
ISSN	1557-7422 ; 1043-0342
ISSN (online)	1557-7422
ISSN	1043-0342
DOI	10.1089/hum.2020.233
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Article: Reconstructing El Niño Southern Oscillation using data from ships’ logbooks, 1815–1854. Part I: methodology and evaluation

Barrett, HannahG / Julie M. Jones / Grant R. Bigg

Climate dynamics. 2018 Feb., v. 50, no. 3-4

2018

Abstract: The meteorological information found within ships’ logbooks is a unique and fascinating source of data for historical climatology. This study uses wind observations from logbooks covering the period 1815 to 1854 to reconstruct an index of El Niño ... ...

Abstract	The meteorological information found within ships’ logbooks is a unique and fascinating source of data for historical climatology. This study uses wind observations from logbooks covering the period 1815 to 1854 to reconstruct an index of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) for boreal winter (DJF). Statistically-based reconstructions of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) are obtained using two methods: principal component regression (PCR) and composite-plus-scale (CPS). Calibration and validation are carried out over the modern period 1979–2014, assessing the relationship between re-gridded seasonal ERA-Interim reanalysis wind data and the instrumental SOI. The reconstruction skill of both the PCR and CPS methods is found to be high with reduction of error skill scores of 0.80 and 0.75, respectively. The relationships derived during the fitting period are then applied to the logbook wind data to reconstruct the historical SOI. We develop a new method to assess the sensitivity of the reconstructions to using a limited number of observations per season and find that the CPS method performs better than PCR with a limited number of observations. A difference in the distribution of wind force terms used by British and Dutch ships is found, and its impact on the reconstruction assessed. The logbook reconstructions agree well with a previous SOI reconstructed from Jakarta rain day counts, 1830–1850, adding robustness to our reconstructions. Comparisons to additional documentary and proxy data sources are provided in a companion paper.
Keywords	El Nino ; climate ; climatology ; data collection ; polymerase chain reaction ; rain ; ships ; wind ; winter
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-02
Size	p. 845-862.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1471747-5
ISSN	1432-0894 ; 0930-7575
ISSN (online)	1432-0894
ISSN	0930-7575
DOI	10.1007/s00382-017-3644-7
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Article: Reconstructing El Niño Southern Oscillation using data from ships’ logbooks, 1815–1854. Part II: Comparisons with existing ENSO reconstructions and implications for reconstructing ENSO diversity

Barrett, HannahG / Julie M. Jones / Grant R. Bigg

Climate dynamics. 2018 May, v. 50, no. 9-10

2018

Abstract: A systematic comparison of El Niño Southern Oscillation reconstructions during the early to mid-nineteenth century is presented using a range of proxy and documentary sources. Reconstructions of the boreal winter Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) using ... ...

Abstract	A systematic comparison of El Niño Southern Oscillation reconstructions during the early to mid-nineteenth century is presented using a range of proxy and documentary sources. Reconstructions of the boreal winter Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) using data from ships’ logbooks presented in a companion paper are evaluated and compared to previous ENSO reconstructions. Comparisons between ENSO reconstructions and the instrumental SOI during a period of overlap (1876–1977) are made. These same proxy and documentary reconstructions are then compared to the logbook-based reconstructions, over 1815–1854. The logbook-based reconstructions compare best with a recent multi-proxy reconstruction that used signals taken from different teleconnection regions, and they have an improved agreement with multi-proxy records compared to a previous attempt to reconstruct the SOI from ships’ logbook data. The logbook-based and the multi-proxy reconstructions are found to capture El Niño events better than La Niña events, and East Pacific El Niño events better than Central Pacific El Niño events, thus suggesting a degree of bias in the historical reconstructions. These findings have important implications for future ENSO reconstructions, with a need for an increased understanding of the effects of different ENSO flavours for future reconstructions.
Keywords	El Nino ; La Nina ; climate ; flavor ; ships ; winter
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-05
Size	p. 3131-3152.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1471747-5
ISSN	1432-0894 ; 0930-7575
ISSN (online)	1432-0894
ISSN	0930-7575
DOI	10.1007/s00382-017-3797-4
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Article ; Online: Isobutanol production by combined

Gupta, Mamta / Wong, Matthew / Jawed, Kamran / Gedeon, Kamil / Barrett, Hannah / Bassalo, Marcelo / Morrison, Clifford / Eqbal, Danish / Yazdani, Syed Shams / Gill, Ryan T / Huang, Jiaqi / Douaisi, Marc / Dordick, Jonathan / Belfort, Georges / Koffas, Mattheos A G

Metabolic engineering communications

2022 Volume 15, Page(s) e00210

Abstract: The production of the biofuel, isobutanol, ... ...

Abstract	The production of the biofuel, isobutanol, in
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2821894-2
ISSN	2214-0301 ; 2214-0301
ISSN (online)	2214-0301
ISSN	2214-0301
DOI	10.1016/j.mec.2022.e00210
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Article ; Online: Ligamentum arteriosum calcification on paediatric postmortem computed tomography.

Davendralingam, Natasha / Shelmerdine, Susan C / Hutchinson, J Ciaran / Chopra, Mark / Barrett, Hannah / Agahi, Amy / Palm, Liina / Arthurs, Owen J

Pediatric radiology

2020 Volume 51, Issue 3, Page(s) 385–391

Abstract: Background: Ligamentum arteriosum calcification may be a normal finding in some children, although the frequency has not been well described.: Objective: To estimate the frequency of ligamentum arteriosum calcification in children at postmortem ... ...

Abstract	Background: Ligamentum arteriosum calcification may be a normal finding in some children, although the frequency has not been well described. Objective: To estimate the frequency of ligamentum arteriosum calcification in children at postmortem imaging. Materials and methods: We conducted a single-centre retrospective review of paediatric postmortem CT and chest radiographic imaging over a 6-year period (January 2012 to December 2018). Two independent reviewers assessed the presence of calcification on imaging. We calculated descriptive statistical analysis of ligamentum arteriosum calcification frequency and association with age and gender. Results: During the study period, 220 children underwent whole-body postmortem CT and 182 underwent radiographic imaging. The frequency was higher on postmortem CT than plain radiographs (67/220, 30.5% vs. 3/182, 1.6%) and was highest in children ages 1-7 years (53.6-66.7%), with gradual reduction in frequency in older children, and none in children older than 12 years. There was no gender predilection. Conclusion: In the postmortem setting, ligamentum arteriosum calcification is a common finding in children <8 years of age. It can be better identified on postmortem CT than chest radiographs. Radiologists new to reporting postmortem paediatric CT studies should recognise this as a common normal finding to avoid unnecessary further investigations at autopsy.
MeSH term(s)	Aorta, Thoracic ; Calcinosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Pulmonary Artery ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-06
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	124459-0
ISSN	1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
ISSN (online)	1432-1998
ISSN	0301-0449
DOI	10.1007/s00247-020-04839-2
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Article ; Online: Canadian wildlife-vehicle collisions: An examination of knowledge and behavior for collision prevention.

Vanlaar, Ward G M / Barrett, Hannah / Hing, Marisela Mainegra / Brown, Steve W / Robertson, Robyn D

Journal of safety research

2018 Volume 68, Page(s) 181–186

Abstract: Objectives: This study examines drivers' responses to wildlife on Canadian roads. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that knowledge of what to do when encountering wildlife on the road does not always translate into the appropriate behavior ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: This study examines drivers' responses to wildlife on Canadian roads. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that knowledge of what to do when encountering wildlife on the road does not always translate into the appropriate behavior to avoid a collision. Methods: Data from the Traffic Injury Research Foundation's (TIRF) 2016 Road Safety Monitor (RSM) and data from TIRF's National Fatality Database from 2000 to 2014 were analyzed to test hypotheses based on the theory of planned behavior. Logistic regression and piecewise linear regression were used. Results: Analyses of the data showed that the prevalence of fatal WVCs has remained relatively consistent, and that the majority of persons killed in WVCs died in crashes that involved large mammals. The majority of fatalities occurred in the summer (182 or 38.4%) and fall (163 or 34.4%). The RSM data revealed that 60.9% [50.5, 70.4] of respondents who previously hit an animal indicated that drivers should slow down and steer straight when confronted with wildlife, while 47.3% [37.1, 57.6] of respondents indicated this was the action they took when they hit wildlife. Comparatively, 59.5% [56.6, 62.4] of respondent who have not hit an animal indicated this was an appropriate response. Additionally, 33.2% [24, 44] of respondents who previously hit an animal indicated that drivers should swerve to avoid a collision with wildlife, while 37.5% [28.2, 47.8] of respondents indicated this was the action they took when they hit wildlife. Conclusions: Many drivers are unaware of what the safest method of WVC prevention is. Further, while a subgroup of drivers may have the knowledge and intention to slow down and steer straight even if the animal is directly in the path, i.e., the safest possible behavior, they are not necessarily adopting this behavior. Practical applications: Recommendations are formulated to address this discrepancy, as well as practical applications.
MeSH term(s)	Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control ; Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Canada ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Theoretical ; Prevalence ; Records ; Safety ; Seasons
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2015321-1
ISSN	1879-1247 ; 0022-4375
ISSN (online)	1879-1247
ISSN	0022-4375
DOI	10.1016/j.jsr.2018.12.003
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Article ; Online: Three-Dimensional Imaging-Based Web Application for Predicting Tracheal Tube Depth in Preterm Neonates.

Tupprasoot, Raksa / Langan, Dean / Hutchinson, J Ciaran / Barrett, Hannah / Sury, Michael R J / Arthurs, Owen J

Neonatology

2017 Volume 111, Issue 4, Page(s) 376–382

Abstract: Background: Positioning a tracheal tube (TT) to the correct depth in preterm infants is challenging. Currently, there is no reliable single-predictor model for neonates applicable to the whole range of size or age.: Objective: In this study, we used ... ...

Abstract	Background: Positioning a tracheal tube (TT) to the correct depth in preterm infants is challenging. Currently, there is no reliable single-predictor model for neonates applicable to the whole range of size or age. Objective: In this study, we used post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (PMMRI) of preterm infants to measure tracheal dimensions and to develop a clinical guide for TT positioning. Methods: We measured tracheal length (TL) and tracheal diameter (TD) in a cohort of normal neonates and foetuses that underwent PMMRI (cause of death unexplained). The distance between the lips and the mid-tracheal point, i.e., the mid-tracheal length (mid-TL), and the TD measurement were obtained. We produced univariate prediction models of mid-TL and TD, using gestational age (GA), foot length (FL), crown-rump length (CRL) and body weight (BW) as potential predictors, as well as multiple prediction models for mid-TL. Results: Tracheal measurements were performed in 117 cases, with a mean GA of 28.8 weeks (range 14-42 weeks). The best linear association was between mid-TL and FL (mid-TL = FL × 0.914 + 1.859; R2 = 0.94), but was improved by multivariate regression models. We developed a prediction tool using only GA and BW (R2 = 0.92), and all four predictors (GA, BW, FL and CRL; R2 = 0.94) which is now available as a web-based application via the Internet. Conclusion: Post-mortem imaging data provide estimates of TT insertion depth. Our prediction tool based on age and BW can be used at the bedside and is ready to be tested in clinical practice.
MeSH term(s)	Autopsy ; Body Weight ; Cohort Studies ; Crown-Rump Length ; Female ; Foot/anatomy & histology ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Internet ; Intubation, Intratracheal/methods ; Linear Models ; London ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Software ; Trachea/anatomy & histology ; Trachea/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2266911-5
ISSN	1661-7819 ; 1661-7800
ISSN (online)	1661-7819
ISSN	1661-7800
DOI	10.1159/000455036
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