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  1. Article: Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Non-Diabetic Kidney Disease: Evidence in Experimental Models.

    Castoldi, Giovanna / Carletti, Raffaella / Barzaghi, Francesca / Meani, Michela / Zatti, Giovanni / Perseghin, Gianluca / Di Gioia, Cira R T / Zerbini, Gianpaolo

    Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 17, Issue 3

    Abstract: Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of glucose-lowering agents widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A number of clinical trials in type 2 diabetic patients with different degrees of renal impairment have ... ...

    Abstract Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of glucose-lowering agents widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A number of clinical trials in type 2 diabetic patients with different degrees of renal impairment have clearly demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the progression rate of diabetic kidney disease. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors also exert a protective effect in the case of non-diabetic kidney disease. Consequently, it has been hypothesized that the nephroprotective activity of these drugs could exceed the canonical impact on glycemic control and that the resulting beneficial effects could be the consequence of their pleiotropic properties (proven reduction of inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress and sympathetic nervous activity) both at systemic and tissue levels, suggesting that the efficacy of these drugs could also be extended to non-diabetic nephropathies. This review focuses on the nephroprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in different experimental models of non-diabetic kidney disease. The different glucose-independent mechanisms potentially implemented by SGLT2 inhibitors to ultimately protect the non-diabetic kidney are described in detail, and conflicting results, when present, are discussed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2193542-7
    ISSN 1424-8247
    ISSN 1424-8247
    DOI 10.3390/ph17030362
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A new perspective during laryngo-tracheal surgery: the use of an ultra-thin endotracheal tube (Tritube®) and flow-controlled ventilation-a retrospective case series and a review of the literature.

    Grassetto, Alberto / Pettenuzzo, Tommaso / Badii, Flavio / Barzaghi, Francesca / Carlon, Riccardo / Dellarole, Sandro / Pipitone, Marilena / Versaci, Alessandra / Sella, Nicolò / Lionello, Marco / Bertolin, Andy

    Journal of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Critical Care (Online)

    2022  Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) 39

    Abstract: Background: Upper airway surgery often poses a challenge to both anesthesiologists and surgeons, as airway access, mechanical ventilation, and surgical difficulties may occur in a tricky combination. To fulfill the need for a tubeless surgery, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Upper airway surgery often poses a challenge to both anesthesiologists and surgeons, as airway access, mechanical ventilation, and surgical difficulties may occur in a tricky combination. To fulfill the need for a tubeless surgery, techniques such as apneic oxygenation or jet ventilation may be used, which carry the risk of several complications. The ultrathin cuffed endotracheal tube Tritube can be used with flow-controlled ventilation (FCV) to provide adequate surgical field and ventilation. To assess the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of this technique, we describe a series of 21 patients, with various lung conditions, undergoing laryngo-tracheal surgery with FCV delivered via Tritube. Moreover, we perform a narrative systematic review to summarize clinical data on the use of Tritube during upper airway surgery.
    Results: All patients were successfully intubated in one attempt with Tritube. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) tidal volume was 6.7 (6.2-7.1) mL/kg of ideal body weight, the median end-expiratory pressure was 5.3 (5.0-6.4) cmH
    Conclusions: Tritube in combination with FCV provided adequate surgical exposure and ventilation in patients undergoing laryngo-tracheal surgery. While training and experience with this new method is needed, FCV delivered with Tritube may represent an ideal approach that benefits surgeons, anesthesiologists, and patients with difficult airways and compromised lung mechanics.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2731-3786
    ISSN (online) 2731-3786
    DOI 10.1186/s44158-022-00066-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Renal Anti-Fibrotic Effect of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition in Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension.

    Castoldi, Giovanna / Carletti, Raffaella / Ippolito, Silvia / Colzani, Massimiliano / Barzaghi, Francesca / Stella, Andrea / Zerbini, Gianpaolo / Perseghin, Gianluca / di Gioia, Cira R T

    American journal of nephrology

    2020  Volume 51, Issue 2, Page(s) 119–129

    Abstract: Background: Clinical trials have shown that empagliflozin (Empa), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, promotes nephroprotective effects in diabetic patients. The mechanisms underlying nephroprotection are not completely known and it is ... ...

    Abstract Background: Clinical trials have shown that empagliflozin (Empa), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, promotes nephroprotective effects in diabetic patients. The mechanisms underlying nephroprotection are not completely known and it is not known whether the renal beneficial action is present even in non-diabetic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Empa administration on the development of renal fibrosis in an experimental model of angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent hypertension.
    Methods: Sprague Dawley rats (n = 31) were divided into 4 experimental groups. Ang II (200 ng/kg/min, osmotic minipumps, s.c., n = 9) or Ang II + Empa (10 mg/kg/day, per os, n = 10) were administered for 2 weeks. Control rats were treated with placebo (physiological saline, n = 6), and another group was treated with placebo plus Empa (n = 6) for the same period. Blood pressure (plethysmographic method) was measured at the beginning and at the end of the experimental protocol. After 2 weeks, the rats were euthanized and the kidneys were excised for histomorphometric evaluation of glomerular and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis and for the immunohistochemical evaluation of inflammatory infiltrates (monocytes/macrophages) and types I and IV collagen expression.
    Results: The administration of Ang II resulted in an increase in blood pressure (p < 0.01), glomerular (p < 0.05) and tubulo-interstitial (p < 0.01) fibrosis, renal inflammatory infiltrates (p < 0.01) and type I (p < 0.01) and type IV collagen expression (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Treatment with Empa did not significantly modify the increase in blood pressure due to Ang II, but prevented the development of renal glomerular and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis, and the increase in inflammatory infiltrates and types I and IV collagen expression in Ang II-treated rats (p < 0.01).
    Conclusions: These data demonstrate that the treatment with Empa prevents the development of renal fibrosis in Ang II-dependent hypertension. In Ang II-dependent hypertension, the anti-fibrotic effect due to SGLT2 inhibition is caused by the reduction of inflammatory infiltrates and it is independent on the modulation of blood pressure increase.
    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin II/physiology ; Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds/therapeutic use ; Fibrosis/etiology ; Fibrosis/prevention & control ; Glucosides/therapeutic use ; Hypertension/complications ; Hypertension/etiology ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney Diseases/etiology ; Kidney Diseases/prevention & control ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Benzhydryl Compounds ; Glucosides ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ; Angiotensin II (11128-99-7) ; empagliflozin (HDC1R2M35U)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604540-6
    ISSN 1421-9670 ; 0250-8095
    ISSN (online) 1421-9670
    ISSN 0250-8095
    DOI 10.1159/000505144
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1635: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  4. Article ; Online: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition prevents renal fibrosis in cyclosporine nephropathy.

    Castoldi, Giovanna / Carletti, Raffaella / Ippolito, Silvia / Colzani, Massimiliano / Barzaghi, Francesca / Stella, Andrea / Zerbini, Gianpaolo / Perseghin, Gianluca / Zatti, Giovanni / di Gioia, Cira R T

    Acta diabetologica

    2021  Volume 58, Issue 8, Page(s) 1059–1070

    Abstract: Aims: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a new class of antidiabetic drugs, are nephroprotective in case of diabetes, but whether a similar beneficial effect may be detectable also in case of chronic non-diabetic kidney diseases remains ... ...

    Abstract Aims: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a new class of antidiabetic drugs, are nephroprotective in case of diabetes, but whether a similar beneficial effect may be detectable also in case of chronic non-diabetic kidney diseases remains still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of empagliflozin, a SGLT-2 inhibitor, on the progression of cyclosporine nephropathy, in the absence of diabetes.
    Methods: Sprague Dawley rats (n = 27) have been fed with low-salt diet starting 10 days before the beginning and finished at the end of the experimental period. Cyclosporine-A (CsA, 15 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal injection, n = 8) and CsA plus empagliflozin (Empa, 10 mg/kg/day, per os, n = 7) were administered for 4 weeks. The control groups were treated with placebo (Control, n = 7) or empagliflozin (Control + Empa, n = 5). Blood pressure (plethysmographic method) was measured at the beginning and at the end of the experimental period. At the end of the experimental protocol, the kidneys were excised for histomorphometric analysis of renal fibrosis and for immunohistochemical evaluation of inflammatory infiltrates (monocytes/macrophages), type I and type IV collagen expression, and tyrosine hydroxylase expression, used as marker of sympathetic nerve activity.
    Results: CsA-treated rats showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in blood pressure, which was reduced by administration of empagliflozin (p < 0.05). CsA administration caused an increase in glomerular and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis (p < 0.05), renal inflammatory infiltrates (p < 0.05), type I and type IV collagen expression (p < 0.01), and tyrosine hydroxylase expression (p < 0.01) as compared to the control rats and control + Empa-treated rats. Treatment with empagliflozin in CsA-treated rats reduced glomerular (p < 0.01) and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis (p < 0.05), type I and type IV collagen expression (p < 0.01), inflammatory cell infiltration (p < 0.01) and tyrosine hydroxylase expression (p < 0.05), as compared to rats treated with CsA.
    Conclusion: Empagliflozin administration caused a reduction in blood pressure in CsA-treated rats and showed a protective effect on CsA nephropathy by decreasing renal fibrosis, type I and type IV collagen expression, macrophage infiltration and tyrosine hydroxylase expression. These data suggest that empagliflozin promotes nephroprotection also in non-diabetic kidney disease.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds/administration & dosage ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Cyclosporine/administration & dosage ; Fibrosis ; Glucosides/administration & dosage ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney Diseases/chemically induced ; Kidney Diseases/prevention & control ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2/physiology ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/administration & dosage
    Chemical Substances Benzhydryl Compounds ; Glucosides ; Slc5a2 protein, rat ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ; Cyclosporine (83HN0GTJ6D) ; empagliflozin (HDC1R2M35U)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-24
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1097676-0
    ISSN 1432-5233 ; 0940-5429
    ISSN (online) 1432-5233
    ISSN 0940-5429
    DOI 10.1007/s00592-021-01681-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 611: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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