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Article ; Online: Trajectories of parental harshness and exposure to community violence differentially predict externalizing and internalizing mental health problems in legal system-involved youth.

Estrada, Suzanne / Baskin-Sommers, Arielle

2023 , Page(s) 1–12

Abstract: Youth with legal system involvement are especially likely to experience parental harshness (PH) and exposure to community violence (ETV), two common forms of life stress. However, most studies examine these stressors separately or collapse across them in ...

Abstract	Youth with legal system involvement are especially likely to experience parental harshness (PH) and exposure to community violence (ETV), two common forms of life stress. However, most studies examine these stressors separately or collapse across them in ways that preclude examination of their co-occurrence. Consequently, it is unclear 1) how PH and ETV simultaneously fluctuate across development and 2) how these fluctuations predict future mental health problems in legal system-involved youth. We used group-based multi-trajectory modeling to estimate simultaneous trajectories of PH and ETV in 1027 legal system-involved youth and regression analyses to understand how trajectory membership predicted mental health problems three years later. Four trajectories of co-occurrence were identified (1:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1036173-x
ISSN	1469-2198 ; 0954-5794
ISSN (online)	1469-2198
ISSN	0954-5794
DOI	10.1017/S0954579422001420
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Article: Manifold learning uncovers nonlinear interactions between the adolescent brain and social environment that predict psychopathology.

Busch, Erica L / Conley, May I / Baskin-Sommers, Arielle

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: Background: Advanced statistical methods to model the interplay between adolescents and their social environments are essential for understanding how differences in brain function contribute to psychopathology. To progress adolescent mental health ... ...

Abstract	Background: Advanced statistical methods to model the interplay between adolescents and their social environments are essential for understanding how differences in brain function contribute to psychopathology. To progress adolescent mental health research beyond our present achievements - a complex account of brain and environmental risk factors without understanding the neurobiological embedding of the social environment - we need methods to unveil relationships between the developing brain and real-world environmental experiences. Methods: Here, we investigated associations among psychopathology, social environments, and brain function using participants from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study (N=5,235; 2,672 female). Manifold learning is a promising technique for uncovering latent structure from high-dimensional biomedical data like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To model brain-social environment interactions and psychopathology, we developed a manifold learning technique called Results: Manifold embeddings of brain activation highlight individual differences in cognition and in psychopathology symptoms which are obscured in high-dimensional (voxel-wise) activity. Specifically, E-PHATE embeddings of participants' brain activation and social environments at baseline relate to overall psychopathology, externalizing, and internalizing behaviors at both the baseline and at a 2-year follow-up. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the adolescent brain's embedding in the social environment yields enriched insight into psychopathology. Using E-PHATE, we demonstrate how the harmonization of cutting-edge computational methods with longstanding developmental theories advances detection and prediction of adolescent psychopathology.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.02.29.582854
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Article ; Online: Trajectories of Psychopathic Traits, Anxiety, and Violence Exposure Differentially Predict Antisociality in Legal System-Involved Youth.

Estrada, Suzanne / Simmons, Cortney / Baskin-Sommers, Arielle

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology

2023 Volume 51, Issue 6, Page(s) 833–845

Abstract: Psychopathic traits are associated with several forms of antisociality, including criminal offending, legal system involvement, and substance use. Some research suggests that primary (high psychopathic traits, low negative emotions) versus secondary ( ... ...

Abstract	Psychopathic traits are associated with several forms of antisociality, including criminal offending, legal system involvement, and substance use. Some research suggests that primary (high psychopathic traits, low negative emotions) versus secondary (high psychopathic traits, high negative emotions and/or negative experiences and environments) variants confer different levels of risk for antisociality. However, research has not examined trajectories of co-occurring fluctuations in psychopathic traits, negative emotions, and negative experiences and environments or how trajectory membership relates to antisociality. We implemented group-based multi-trajectory modeling in a sample of 809 justice-involved male (n = 681) and female (n = 128) youth from the Pathways to Desistance Study to address these gaps. We identified four trajectories of co-occurring change in psychopathic traits, anxiety, and violence exposure spanning three years: Low (low levels of each factor); Moderate Psychopathic Traits, High Negative Emotions and Experiences (moderate-decreasing psychopathic traits and high-decreasing anxiety/violence exposure); Potential Primary Psychopathic Traits (elevated-decreasing psychopathic traits, moderate-decreasing anxiety, moderate-stable violence exposure); and High/Secondary Psychopathic Traits (high-stable psychopathic traits, elevated-stable anxiety, high-decreasing violence exposure). Compared to the Low trajectory, all trajectories predicted greater violent crime and substance use three and four years later. Additionally, compared to the Low trajectory, the Potential Primary Psychopathic Traits trajectory predicted more nonviolent offending three years later. Finally, the High/Secondary Psychopathic Traits trajectory showed the most persistent antisociality, predicting more nonviolent crime, higher substance dependence symptoms, and higher likelihood of arrest three and four years later. Youth with co-occurring high psychopathic traits, anxiety, and violence exposure appear most at risk for severe antisociality.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Female ; Exposure to Violence ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Violence/psychology ; Anxiety Disorders ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3041907-4
ISSN	2730-7174 ; 2730-7166
ISSN (online)	2730-7174
ISSN	2730-7166
DOI	10.1007/s10802-022-00989-z
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Article ; Online: Distinct neurocognitive fingerprints reflect differential associations with risky and impulsive behavior in a neurotypical sample.

Ruiz, Sonia G / Brazil, Inti A / Baskin-Sommers, Arielle

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 11782

Abstract: Engagement in risky and impulsive behavior has long been associated with deficits in neurocognition. However, we have a limited understanding of how multiple subfunctions of neurocognition co-occur within individuals and which combinations of ... ...

Abstract	Engagement in risky and impulsive behavior has long been associated with deficits in neurocognition. However, we have a limited understanding of how multiple subfunctions of neurocognition co-occur within individuals and which combinations of neurocognitive subfunctions are most relevant for risky and impulsive behavior. Using the neurotypical Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample (N = 673), we applied a Bayesian latent feature learning model-the Indian Buffet Process-to identify nuanced, individual-specific profiles of multiple neurocognitive subfunctions and examine their relationship to risky and impulsive behavior. All features were within a relatively normative range of neurocognition; however, there was subtle variability related to risky and impulsive behaviors. The relatively overall poorer neurocognition feature correlated with greater affective impulsivity and substance use patterns/problems. The poorer episodic memory and emotion feature correlated with greater trait externalizing and sensation-seeking. The poorer attention feature correlated with increased trait externalizing and negative urgency but decreased positive urgency and substance use. Finally, the average or mixed features negatively correlated with various risky and impulsive behaviors. Estimating nuanced patterns of co-occurring neurocognitive functions can inform our understanding of a continuum of risky and impulsive behaviors.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Bayes Theorem ; Emotions ; Impulsive Behavior ; Memory Disorders/psychology ; Risk-Taking ; Neurocognitive Disorders/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-38991-0
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Article ; Online: Environmental Predictors of Within-Person Changes in Callous-Unemotional Traits among Justice-Involved Male Adolescents.

Simmons, Cortney / Mitchell-Adams, Haley / Baskin-Sommers, Arielle

Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53

2022 , Page(s) 1–18

Abstract: Objective: Youth who display elevated callous-unemotional (CU) traits are at risk for negative developmental outcomes. Previous studies demonstrate that environmental conditions contribute to elevated levels of CU traits, but the majority of this work ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Youth who display elevated callous-unemotional (CU) traits are at risk for negative developmental outcomes. Previous studies demonstrate that environmental conditions contribute to elevated levels of CU traits, but the majority of this work focuses on a single source of environmental influence. To better understand how environmental conditions contribute to changes in CU traits during adolescence, the current study examined the time-varying relation between CU traits, parent, peer, and community conditions. Method: Using data from the longitudinal Pathways to Desistance study (N = 1,026 males, Results: Results indicated that proximal conditions (i.e., negative parenting, antisocial peers) had more consistent associations with CU traits than distal conditions (i.e., neighborhood disorder, community violence). Affiliation with antisocial peers was not significantly related to CU traits when youth were simultaneously exposed to high community violence and low neighborhood disorder. Further, the association between CU traits and impact of living in high disordered, high violence neighborhoods was stronger for younger youth. Conclusion: Results indicate that the association among parents, peers, and CU trait development is more nuanced than previously suggested, such that the risk that each environmental condition poses is moderated by a youth's age and their exposure to distal conditions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2073310-0
ISSN	1537-4424 ; 1537-4416
ISSN (online)	1537-4424
ISSN	1537-4416
DOI	10.1080/15374416.2022.2093207
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Article ; Online: The effect of neuroscientific evidence on sentencing depends on how one conceives of reasons for incarceration.

Perricone, Annalise / Baskin-Sommers, Arielle / Ahn, Woo-Kyoung

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 11, Page(s) e0276237

Abstract: Neuroscientific evidence is increasingly utilized in criminal legal proceedings, prompting discussions about how such evidence might influence legal decisions. The effect of neuroscientific testimony on legal decisions remains uncertain, with some ... ...

Abstract	Neuroscientific evidence is increasingly utilized in criminal legal proceedings, prompting discussions about how such evidence might influence legal decisions. The effect of neuroscientific testimony on legal decisions remains uncertain, with some studies finding no effect, others reporting that neuroscience has a mitigating impact, and some indicating neuroscience evidence has an aggravating effect. The present study attempts to explain these divergent findings by showing that the effect of neuroscience evidence on sentencing interacts with beliefs about the goals of the criminal legal system. Using a between-subjects design, participants (N = 784) were asked to assume different rationales for imprisonment, before receiving neuroscientific evidence about antisocial behavior and its potential relation to the defendant. Participants recommended a sentence for the defendant prior to and after reading the neuroscientific evidence. Participants who were given the rationale of retribution as the primary goal of imprisonment significantly decreased their sentencing recommendations. When the goal of imprisonment was to protect the public from dangerous people, participants provided longer post-testimony sentences. Lastly, when the goal was to rehabilitate wrongdoers, participants also increased sentences from pre to post. Thus, the impact of neuroscientific evidence is not monolithic, but can lead to either mitigated or aggravated sentences by interacting with penal philosophy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Law Enforcement ; Criminals ; Neurosciences ; Dangerous Behavior ; Criminal Law
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0276237
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Article ; Online: Distrust Moderates the Effect of Deviant Peer Affiliation on Increased Externalizing in Adolescents.

Chang, Shou-An A / Baskin-Sommers, Arielle

Journal of youth and adolescence

2022 Volume 51, Issue 9, Page(s) 1829–1840

Abstract: Deviant peer affiliation predicts externalizing behavior in adolescence, but no research explores how having negative or suspicious expectations of others (i.e., distrust) may evoke or buffer against the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and ... ...

Abstract	Deviant peer affiliation predicts externalizing behavior in adolescence, but no research explores how having negative or suspicious expectations of others (i.e., distrust) may evoke or buffer against the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and externalizing behavior. The current study used data across two timepoints to investigate the impact of deviant peer affiliation and distrust on externalizing behavior 3 years later and whether race/ethnicity moderated this relationship. The sample consisted of 611 adolescents from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods Study (48% male; M
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/physiology ; Chicago ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Peer Group
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	186743-x
ISSN	1573-6601 ; 0047-2891
ISSN (online)	1573-6601
ISSN	0047-2891
DOI	10.1007/s10964-022-01640-2
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Article ; Online: The importance of an exaggerated attention bottleneck for understanding psychopathy.

Baskin-Sommers, Arielle / Brazil, Inti A

Trends in cognitive sciences

2022 Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 325–336

Abstract: The psychopath has long captured the imagination. A name such as Ted Bundy evokes a morbid curiosity. The crimes committed by Bundy are so cruel that it is hard to imagine how someone could do such things. In this review we discuss evidence that ... ...

Abstract	The psychopath has long captured the imagination. A name such as Ted Bundy evokes a morbid curiosity. The crimes committed by Bundy are so cruel that it is hard to imagine how someone could do such things. In this review we discuss evidence that exaggeration in an attention bottleneck is one mechanism that makes it possible for psychopathic individuals to be adept at focusing on a single stimulus feature or goal but struggle to process multiple streams of information simultaneously. This exaggeration may partly explain the behavioral, affective, and social deficits that are apparent among psychopathic individuals. Further research on this attentional mechanism may promote a science that adequately captures the complexity of psychopathic behavior and offers new avenues for intervention.
MeSH term(s)	Antisocial Personality Disorder ; Attention ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2010989-1
ISSN	1879-307X ; 1364-6613
ISSN (online)	1879-307X
ISSN	1364-6613
DOI	10.1016/j.tics.2022.01.001
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Article ; Online: Conduct disorder symptomatology is associated with an altered functional connectome in a large national youth sample.

Tillem, Scott / Conley, May I / Baskin-Sommers, Arielle

Development and psychopathology

2021 Volume 34, Issue 4, Page(s) 1573–1584

Abstract: Conduct disorder (CD), characterized by youth antisocial behavior, is associated with a variety of neurocognitive impairments. However, questions remain regarding the neural underpinnings of these impairments. To investigate novel neural mechanisms that ... ...

Abstract	Conduct disorder (CD), characterized by youth antisocial behavior, is associated with a variety of neurocognitive impairments. However, questions remain regarding the neural underpinnings of these impairments. To investigate novel neural mechanisms that may support these neurocognitive abnormalities, the present study applied a graph analysis to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected from a national sample of 4,781 youth, ages 9-10, who participated in the baseline session of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Brain ; Child ; Cluster Analysis ; Conduct Disorder/diagnostic imaging ; Connectome ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1036173-x
ISSN	1469-2198 ; 0954-5794
ISSN (online)	1469-2198
ISSN	0954-5794
DOI	10.1017/S0954579421000237
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Article ; Online: Psychopathy is associated with an exaggerated attention bottleneck: EEG and behavioral evidence from a dual-task paradigm.

Tillem, Scott / Weinstein, Hannah / Baskin-Sommers, Arielle

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience

2021 Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) 881–893

Abstract: Psychopathy is a personality disorder associated with a chronic disregard for the welfare of others. The attention bottleneck model of psychopathy asserts that the behavior of individuals higher on psychopathy is due to an exaggerated attention ... ...

Abstract	Psychopathy is a personality disorder associated with a chronic disregard for the welfare of others. The attention bottleneck model of psychopathy asserts that the behavior of individuals higher on psychopathy is due to an exaggerated attention bottleneck that constrains all information processing, regardless of the information's potential goal-relevance. To date, the majority of research on the attention bottleneck model of psychopathy conceptually applied the tenets of the model but did not implement methods that directly test an exaggeration of the bottleneck in psychopathy. Accordingly, the presence of an exaggerated bottleneck, the exact expression of that bottleneck, and its potential mechanistic relevance for behavior in individuals higher on psychopathy remains untested. To address these gaps, a sample of 78 male community members, evaluated for psychopathic traits using the Self-Report Psychopathy-III scale, completed an EEG-based dual-task paradigm examining short stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA; 300 ms), long SOA (1,100 ms), and single-task baseline conditions. Additionally, participants were asked about their frequency of real-world risky, impulsive, and antisocial behaviors. Psychopathy was associated with slower reaction times to second targets (T2s) presented during the dual-task conditions, relative to the baseline condition. Psychopathy also was associated with blunted P300 responses, a neural index of stimulus evaluation, across all types of T2 events. Finally, bottleneck-related interference during the short SOA events mediated the relationship between psychopathy and real-world behavior. These findings suggested that individuals higher on psychopathy exhibit an exaggerated bottleneck which produces intense and long-lasting interference, impacting all information processing and partially contributing to their maladaptive behavior.
MeSH term(s)	Antisocial Personality Disorder ; Attention ; Cognition ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Male ; Reaction Time
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2029088-3
ISSN	1531-135X ; 1530-7026
ISSN (online)	1531-135X
ISSN	1530-7026
DOI	10.3758/s13415-021-00891-z
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