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Article ; Online: The impact of genetic variation within the vitamin D pathway upon skeletal muscle function: A systematic review.

Bollen, Shelby E / Bass, Joseph J / Wilkinson, Daniel J / Hewison, Martin / Atherton, Philip J

The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology

2023 Volume 229, Page(s) 106266

Abstract: Studies in vitro have demonstrated a key molecular role for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) in skeletal muscle function, with vitamin D-deficiency (low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25D) being associated with muscle pain and weakness. Despite this, an ... ...

Abstract	Studies in vitro have demonstrated a key molecular role for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) in skeletal muscle function, with vitamin D-deficiency (low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25D) being associated with muscle pain and weakness. Despite this, an understanding of the overall role of vitamin D in muscle health (particularly the impact of vitamin D-related genetic variants) has yet to be fully resolved, relative to more well-studied targets such as the skeleton. Thus, we aimed to review existing studies that have investigated relationships between skeletal muscle function and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within vitamin D-related genes. A systematic review of papers published between January 2000 and June 2022 on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science pertaining to association between functionally relevant vitamin D receptor genetic variants and variants within genes of the vitamin D pathway and skeletal muscle function/outcomes was performed. 21 articles were included in the review for final analysis, of which 20 only studied genetic variation of the VDR gene. Of the included articles, 81 % solely included participants aged ≥ 50 years and of the 9 studies that did not only include White individuals, only 2 included Black participants. Within the vitamin D system, the VDR gene is the primary gene of which associations between polymorphisms and muscle function have been investigated. VDR polymorphisms have been significantly associated with muscle phenotypes in two or more studies. Of note A1012G was significantly associated with higher handgrip strength, but the results for other SNPs were notably variable between studies. While the lack of definitive evidence and study heterogeneity makes it difficult to draw conclusions, the findings of this review highlight a need for improvements with regards to the use of more diverse study populations, i.e., inclusion of Black individuals and other people of colour, and expanding research scope beyond the VDR gene.
MeSH term(s)	Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics ; Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism ; Hand Strength ; Vitamin D ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Vitamins/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Calcitriol ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Vitamins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1049188-0
ISSN	1879-1220 ; 0960-0760
ISSN (online)	1879-1220
ISSN	0960-0760
DOI	10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106266
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Article ; Online: The Vitamin D/Vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis in muscle atrophy and sarcopenia.

Bollen, Shelby E / Bass, Joseph J / Fujita, Satoshi / Wilkinson, Daniel / Hewison, Martin / Atherton, Philip J

Cellular signalling

2022 Volume 96, Page(s) 110355

Abstract: Muscle atrophy and sarcopenia (the term given to the age-related decline in muscle mass and function), influence an individuals risk of falls, frailty, functional decline, and, ultimately, impaired quality of life. Vitamin D deficiency (low serum levels ... ...

Abstract	Muscle atrophy and sarcopenia (the term given to the age-related decline in muscle mass and function), influence an individuals risk of falls, frailty, functional decline, and, ultimately, impaired quality of life. Vitamin D deficiency (low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscular Atrophy ; Quality of Life ; Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics ; Sarcopenia ; Vitamin D
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Calcitriol ; VDR protein, human ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1002702-6
ISSN	1873-3913 ; 0898-6568
ISSN (online)	1873-3913
ISSN	0898-6568
DOI	10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110355
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Zs.A 2579: Show issues

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Article: Editorial: Methods and applications in striated muscle physiology.

Biressi, Stefano / Ma, Qiang / Fukuda, Norio / Bass, Joseph J / Wright, Peter T

Frontiers in physiology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 979237

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2564217-0
ISSN	1664-042X
ISSN	1664-042X
DOI	10.3389/fphys.2022.979237
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Article ; Online: Exploring the variability of sarcopenia prevalence in a research population using different disease definitions.

Cegielski, Jessica / Bass, Joseph J / Willott, Ruth / Gordon, Adam L / Wilkinson, Daniel J / Smith, Ken / Atherton, Philip J / Phillips, Bethan E

Aging clinical and experimental research

2023 Volume 35, Issue 10, Page(s) 2271–2275

Abstract: Background: Sarcopenia is the progressive loss of muscle mass and function with age. A number of different sarcopenia definitions have been proposed and utilised in research. This study aimed to investigate how the prevalence of sarcopenia in a research ...

Abstract	Background: Sarcopenia is the progressive loss of muscle mass and function with age. A number of different sarcopenia definitions have been proposed and utilised in research. This study aimed to investigate how the prevalence of sarcopenia in a research cohort of older adults is influenced by the use of independent aspects of these different definitions. Methods: Data from 255 research participants were compiled. Defining criteria by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health were applied. Results: Prevalence of sarcopenia using muscle mass ranged from 4 to 22%. Gait speed and handgrip strength criteria identified 4-34% and 4-16% of participants as sarcopenic, respectively. Conclusion: Prevalence of sarcopenia differs substantially depending on the criteria used. Work is required to address the impact of this for sarcopenia research to be usefully translated to inform on clinical practice.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Sarcopenia/diagnosis ; Sarcopenia/epidemiology ; Hand Strength/physiology ; Prevalence ; Walking Speed
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-19
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2104785-6
ISSN	1720-8319 ; 1594-0667
ISSN (online)	1720-8319
ISSN	1594-0667
DOI	10.1007/s40520-023-02496-7
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Zs.A 3343: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The time course of disuse muscle atrophy of the lower limb in health and disease.

Hardy, Edward J O / Inns, Thomas B / Hatt, Jacob / Doleman, Brett / Bass, Joseph J / Atherton, Philip J / Lund, Jonathan N / Phillips, Bethan E

Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle

2022

Abstract: Short, intermittent episodes of disuse muscle atrophy (DMA) may have negative impact on age related muscle loss. There is evidence of variability in rate of DMA between muscles and over the duration of immobilization. As yet, this is poorly characterized. ...

Abstract	Short, intermittent episodes of disuse muscle atrophy (DMA) may have negative impact on age related muscle loss. There is evidence of variability in rate of DMA between muscles and over the duration of immobilization. As yet, this is poorly characterized. This review aims to establish and compare the time-course of DMA in immobilized human lower limb muscles in both healthy and critically ill individuals, exploring evidence for an acute phase of DMA and differential rates of atrophy between and muscle groups. MEDLINE, Embase, CINHAL and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to April 2021 for any study of human lower limb immobilization reporting muscle volume, cross-sectional area (CSA), architecture or lean leg mass over multiple post-immobilization timepoints. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I. Where possible meta-analysis was performed using a DerSimonian and Laird random effects model with effect sizes reported as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) at various time-points and a narrative review when meta-analysis was not possible. Twenty-nine studies were included, 12 in healthy volunteers (total n = 140), 18 in patients on an Intensive Therapy Unit (ITU) (total n = 516) and 3 in patients with ankle fracture (total n = 39). The majority of included studies are at moderate risk of bias. Rate of quadriceps atrophy over the first 14 days was significantly greater in the ITU patients (MD -1.01 95% CI -1.32, -0.69), than healthy cohorts (MD -0.12 95% CI -0.49, 0.24) (P < 0.001). Rates of atrophy appeared to vary between muscle groups (greatest in triceps surae (-11.2% day 28), followed by quadriceps (-9.2% day 28), then hamstrings (-6.5% day 28), then foot dorsiflexors (-3.2% day 28)). Rates of atrophy appear to decrease over time in healthy quadriceps (-6.5% day 14 vs. -9.1% day 28) and triceps surae (-7.8% day 14 vs. -11.2% day 28), and ITU quadriceps (-13.2% day 7 vs. -28.2% day 14). There appears to be variability in the rate of DMA between muscle groups, and more rapid atrophy during the earliest period of immobilization, indicating different mechanisms being dominant at different timepoints. Rates of atrophy are greater amongst critically unwell patients. Overall evidence is limited, and existing data has wide variability in the measures reported. Further work is required to fully characterize the time course of DMA in both health and disease.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-14
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2586864-0
ISSN	2190-6009 ; 2190-5991
ISSN (online)	2190-6009
ISSN	2190-5991
DOI	10.1002/jcsm.13067
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Article ; Online: The Effect of Fava Bean (

Davies, Robert W / Kozior, Marta / Lynch, Arthur E / Bass, Joseph J / Atherton, Philip J / Smith, Ken / Jakeman, Philip M

Nutrients

2022 Volume 14, Issue 18

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding fava bean ( ...

Abstract	The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding fava bean (
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Alanine/metabolism ; Deuterium/metabolism ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Resistance Training ; Vicia faba
Chemical Substances	Deuterium (AR09D82C7G) ; Alanine (OF5P57N2ZX)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14183688
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Article ; Online: Equipment-free, unsupervised high intensity interval training elicits significant improvements in the physiological resilience of older adults.

Sian, Tanvir S / Inns, Thomas B / Gates, Amanda / Doleman, Brett / Bass, Joseph J / Atherton, Philip J / Lund, Jonathan N / Phillips, Bethan E

BMC geriatrics

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 529

Abstract: Background: Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an independent risk factor for dependency, cognitive impairment and premature mortality. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a proven time-efficient stimulus for improving both CRF and other ... ...

Abstract	Background: Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an independent risk factor for dependency, cognitive impairment and premature mortality. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a proven time-efficient stimulus for improving both CRF and other facets of cardiometabolic health also known to decline with advancing age. However, the efficacy of equipment-free, unsupervised HIIT to improve the physiological resilience of older adults is not known. Methods: Thirty independent, community-dwelling older adults (71(SD: 5) years) were randomised to 4 weeks (12 sessions) equipment-free, supervised (in the laboratory (L-HIIT)) or unsupervised (at home (H-HIIT)) HIIT, or a no-intervention control (CON). HIIT involved 5, 1-minute intervals of a bodyweight exercise each interspersed with 90-seconds recovery. CRF, exercise tolerance, blood pressure (BP), body composition, muscle architecture, circulating lipids and glucose tolerance were assessed at baseline and after the intervention period. Results: When compared to the control group, both HIIT protocols improved the primary outcome of CRF ((via anaerobic threshold) mean difference, L-HIIT: +2.27, H-HIIT: +2.29, both p < 0.01) in addition to exercise tolerance, systolic BP, total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and m. vastus lateralis pennation angle, to the same extent. There was no improvement in these parameters in CON. There was no change in diastolic BP, glucose tolerance, whole-body composition or HDL cholesterol in any of the groups. Conclusions: This is the first study to show that short-term, time-efficient, equipment-free, HIIT is able to elicit improvements in the CRF of older adults irrespective of supervision status. Unsupervised HIIT may offer a novel approach to improve the physiological resilience of older adults, combating age-associated physiological decline, the rise of inactivity and the additional challenges currently posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Trial registration: This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov and coded: NCT03473990 .
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; COVID-19 ; Cardiorespiratory Fitness ; Glucose ; High-Intensity Interval Training/methods ; Humans ; Pandemics
Chemical Substances	Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2059865-8
ISSN	1471-2318 ; 1471-2318
ISSN (online)	1471-2318
ISSN	1471-2318
DOI	10.1186/s12877-022-03208-y
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Article ; Online: Correction: Equipment-free, unsupervised high intensity interval training elicits significant improvements in the physiological resilience of older adults.

Sian, Tanvir S / Inns, Thomas B / Gates, Amanda / Doleman, Brett / Bass, Joseph J / Atherton, Philip J / Lund, Jonathan N / Phillips, Bethan E

BMC geriatrics

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 926

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2059865-8
ISSN	1471-2318 ; 1471-2318
ISSN (online)	1471-2318
ISSN	1471-2318
DOI	10.1186/s12877-022-03488-4
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Article ; Online: Motor unit dysregulation following 15 days of unilateral lower limb immobilisation.

Inns, Thomas B / Bass, Joseph J / Hardy, Edward J O / Wilkinson, Daniel J / Stashuk, Daniel W / Atherton, Philip J / Phillips, Bethan E / Piasecki, Mathew

The Journal of physiology

2022 Volume 600, Issue 21, Page(s) 4753–4769

Abstract: Disuse atrophy, caused by situations of unloading such as limb immobilisation, causes a rapid yet diverging reduction in skeletal muscle function when compared to muscle mass. While mechanistic insight into the loss of mass is well studied, deterioration ...

Abstract	Disuse atrophy, caused by situations of unloading such as limb immobilisation, causes a rapid yet diverging reduction in skeletal muscle function when compared to muscle mass. While mechanistic insight into the loss of mass is well studied, deterioration of muscle function with a focus towards the neural input to muscle remains underexplored. This study aimed to determine the role of motor unit adaptation in disuse-induced neuromuscular deficits. Ten young, healthy male volunteers underwent 15 days of unilateral lower limb immobilisation with intramuscular electromyography (iEMG) bilaterally recorded from the vastus lateralis (VL) during knee extensor contractions normalised to maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), pre and post disuse. Muscle cross-sectional area was determined by ultrasound. Individual MUs were sampled and analysed for changes in motor unit (MU) discharge and MU potential (MUP) characteristics. VL CSA was reduced by approximately 15% which was exceeded by a two-fold decrease of 31% in muscle strength in the immobilised limb, with no change in either parameter in the non-immobilised limb. Parameters of MUP size were reduced by 11% to 24% with immobilisation, while neuromuscular junction (NMJ) transmission instability remained unchanged, and MU firing rate decreased by 8% to 11% at several contraction levels. All adaptations were observed in the immobilised limb only. These findings highlight impaired neural input following immobilisation reflected by suppressed MU firing rate which may underpin the disproportionate reductions of strength relative to muscle size. KEY POINTS: Muscle mass and function decline rapidly in situations of disuse such as bed rest and limb immobilisation. The reduction in muscle function commonly exceeds that of muscle mass, which may be associated with the dysregulation of neural input to muscle. We have used intramuscular electromyography to sample individual motor unit and near fibre potentials from the vastus lateralis following 15 days of unilateral limb immobilisation. Following disuse, the disproportionate loss of muscle strength when compared to size coincided with suppressed motor unit firing rate. These motor unit adaptations were observed at multiple contraction levels and in the immobilised limb only. Our findings demonstrate neural dysregulation as a key component of functional loss following muscle disuse in humans.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Electromyography ; Muscle Strength ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Lower Extremity ; Quadriceps Muscle/physiology ; Muscle Contraction/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3115-x
ISSN	1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
ISSN (online)	1469-7793
ISSN	0022-3751
DOI	10.1113/JP283425
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Article: Animal, Plant, Collagen and Blended Dietary Proteins: Effects on Musculoskeletal Outcomes

Deane, Colleen S / Bass, Joseph J / Crossland, Hannah / Phillips, Bethan E / Atherton, Philip J

Nutrients. 2020 Sept. 01, v. 12, no. 9

2020

Abstract: Dietary protein is critical for the maintenance of musculoskeletal health, where appropriate intake (i.e., source, dose, timing) can mitigate declines in muscle and bone mass and/or function. Animal-derived protein is a potent anabolic source due to ... ...

Abstract	Dietary protein is critical for the maintenance of musculoskeletal health, where appropriate intake (i.e., source, dose, timing) can mitigate declines in muscle and bone mass and/or function. Animal-derived protein is a potent anabolic source due to rapid digestion and absorption kinetics stimulating robust increases in muscle protein synthesis and promoting bone accretion and maintenance. However, global concerns surrounding environmental sustainability has led to an increasing interest in plant- and collagen-derived protein as alternative or adjunct dietary sources. This is despite the lower anabolic profile of plant and collagen protein due to the inferior essential amino acid profile (e.g., lower leucine content) and subordinate digestibility (versus animal). This review evaluates the efficacy of animal-, plant- and collagen-derived proteins in isolation, and as protein blends, for augmenting muscle and bone metabolism and health in the context of ageing, exercise and energy restriction.
Keywords	absorption ; amino acid composition ; animal proteins ; animals ; bone density ; bone metabolism ; collagen ; dietary protein ; digestibility ; digestion ; dosage ; environmental sustainability ; essential amino acids ; exercise ; leucine ; low calorie diet ; muscle protein ; muscles ; protein synthesis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0901
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu12092670
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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