Article ; Online: Role of thyroid hormones in craniofacial development.
2020 Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 147–164
Abstract: The development of the craniofacial skeleton relies on complex temporospatial organization of diverse cell types by key signalling molecules. Even minor disruptions to these processes can result in deleterious consequences for the structure and function ... ...
Abstract | The development of the craniofacial skeleton relies on complex temporospatial organization of diverse cell types by key signalling molecules. Even minor disruptions to these processes can result in deleterious consequences for the structure and function of the skull. Thyroid hormone deficiency causes delayed craniofacial and tooth development, dysplastic facial features and delayed development of the ossicles in the middle ear. Thyroid hormone excess, by contrast, accelerates development of the skull and, in severe cases, might lead to craniosynostosis with neurological sequelae and facial hypoplasia. The pathogenesis of these important abnormalities remains poorly understood and underinvestigated. The orchestration of craniofacial development and regulation of suture and synchondrosis growth is dependent on several critical signalling pathways. The underlying mechanisms by which these key pathways regulate craniofacial growth and maturation are largely unclear, but studies of single-gene disorders resulting in craniofacial malformations have identified a number of critical signalling molecules and receptors. The craniofacial consequences resulting from gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations affecting insulin-like growth factor 1, fibroblast growth factor receptor and WNT signalling are similar to the effects of altered thyroid status and mutations affecting thyroid hormone action, suggesting that these critical pathways interact in the regulation of craniofacial development. |
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MeSH term(s) | Animals ; Craniofacial Abnormalities/metabolism ; Craniosynostoses/metabolism ; Humans ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Skull/metabolism ; Thyroid Hormones/metabolism |
Chemical Substances | Thyroid Hormones |
Language | English |
Publishing date | 2020-01-23 |
Publishing country | England |
Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review |
ZDB-ID | 2489381-X |
ISSN | 1759-5037 ; 1759-5029 |
ISSN (online) | 1759-5037 |
ISSN | 1759-5029 |
DOI | 10.1038/s41574-019-0304-5 |
Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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