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Article ; Online: Multispectral multibeam backscatter response of heterogeneous rhodolith beds.

Menandro, Pedro S / Misiuk, Benjamin / Brown, Craig J / Bastos, Alex C

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 20220

Abstract: Acoustic backscatter has been used as a tool to map the seafloor in greater detail and plays an increasingly important role in seafloor mapping to meet multiple ocean management needs. An outstanding challenge to the use of backscatter for seafloor ... ...

Abstract	Acoustic backscatter has been used as a tool to map the seafloor in greater detail and plays an increasingly important role in seafloor mapping to meet multiple ocean management needs. An outstanding challenge to the use of backscatter for seafloor mapping is the distinction between acoustically similar substrates, such as mixed sediments from rhodoliths. Rhodolith beds are a biogenic substrate that provides important ecological services, and are typically classified as a single categorical substrate type-though nodules coverage may be spatially variable. Recently, multispectral acoustic backscatter has demonstrated great potential to improve thematic seafloor mapping compared to single-frequency systems. This work employs multispectral multibeam backscatter and underwater imagery to characterize and map rhodolith beds in the Costa das Algas Marine Protected Area (Brazil). A support vector machine classifier was used to classify multifrequency backscatter mosaics according to rhodolith classes identified from underwater imagery. Results suggest that multispectral backscatter is effective both in providing information for mapping different proportions of rhodolith coverage and in predicting the presence or absence of these nodules. The backscatter of the lowest frequency was the most useful for distinguishing variable proportions of rhodolith coverage, and the two higher frequencies were better predictors of presence and absence.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-46240-7
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Article ; Online: Bryozoa from the reefs off the Amazon River mouth: checklist, thirteen new species, and notes on their ecology and distribution.

Ramalho, Laís V / Moraes, Fernando C / Salgado, Leonardo T / Bastos, Alex C / Moura, Rodrigo L

Zootaxa

2021 Volume 4950, Issue 1, Page(s) zootaxa.4950.1.1

Abstract: The reef system off the Amazon River mouth extends from Amapá state to Maranhão state along the Brazilian Equatorial Margin, encompassing more than 10,000 km2 of rhodolith beds and high-relief hard structures on the outer shelf and upper slope. This ... ...

Abstract	The reef system off the Amazon River mouth extends from Amapá state to Maranhão state along the Brazilian Equatorial Margin, encompassing more than 10,000 km2 of rhodolith beds and high-relief hard structures on the outer shelf and upper slope. This unique hard bottom mosaic is remarkable for being influenced by the turbid and hyposaline plume from the world's largest river, and also for representing a connectivity corridor between the Caribbean and Brazil. Bryozoans were recently recognized as major reef builders in the Southwestern Atlantic, but their diversity off the Amazon River mouth remained unknown. Here, we report on recent collections obtained from 23 to 120 m depth in Northern Brazil. Sixty-five bryozoan taxa were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, including 57, five and three taxa of Cheilostomatida, Cyclostomatida and Ctenostomatida, respectively. Cribrilaria smitti and three genera (Cranosina, Glabrilaria and Thornelya) are new records for Brazil, and 13 new species are herein described: Antropora cruzeiro n. sp., Cranosina gilbertoi n. sp., Cribrilaria lateralis n. sp., Crisia brasiliensis n. sp., Glabrilaria antoniettae n. sp., Micropora amapaensis n. sp., Parasmittina amazonensis n. sp., Plesiocleidochasma arcuatum n. sp., Poricella bifurcata n. sp., Pourtalesella duoavicularia n. sp., Stephanollona domuspusilla n. sp., Therenia dianae n. sp., and Thornelya atlanticoensis n. sp. Our results highlight the biodiversity significance of the Amazon reefs and the need for more comprehensive sampling to clarify the role of bryozoans in modern turbid-zone reefs and rhodolith beds.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biodiversity ; Bryozoa/classification ; Bryozoa/physiology ; Rivers
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-29
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1175-5334
ISSN (online)	1175-5334
DOI	10.11646/zootaxa.4950.1.1
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Article ; Online: Incised valleys drive distinctive oceanographic processes and biological assemblages within rhodolith beds.

Castro, Guilherme M / Vargens, Rafaela P / Carlos-Júnior, Lélis A / Cardoso, Fernando C / Salomon, Paulo S / Tenório, Márcio M B / Bastos, Alex C / Oliveira, Natacha / Ghisolfi, Renato D / Cordeiro, Ralf T S / Moura, Rodrigo L

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 11, Page(s) e0293259

Abstract: Continental shelves encompass gently sloped seascapes that are highly productive and intensively exploited for natural resources. Islands, reefs and other emergent or quasi-emergent features punctuate these shallow (<100 m) seascapes and are well known ... ...

Abstract	Continental shelves encompass gently sloped seascapes that are highly productive and intensively exploited for natural resources. Islands, reefs and other emergent or quasi-emergent features punctuate these shallow (<100 m) seascapes and are well known drivers of increased biomass and biodiversity, as well as predictors of fishing and other human uses. On the other hand, relict mesoscale geomorphological features that do not represent navigation hazards, such as incised valleys (IVs), remain poorly charted. Consequently, their role in biophysical processes remains poorly assessed and sampled. Incised valleys are common within rhodolith beds (RBs), the most extensive benthic habitat along the tropical and subtropical portions of the mid and outer Brazilian shelf. Here, we report on a multi-proxy assessment carried out in a tropical-subtropical transition region (~20°S) off Eastern Brazil, contrasting physicochemical and biological variables in IVs and adjacent RBs. Valleys interfere in near bottom circulation and function as conduits for water and propagules from the slope up to the mid shelf. In addition, they provide a stable and structurally complex habitat for black corals and gorgonians that usually occur in deeper water, contrasting sharply with the algae-dominated RB. Fish richness, abundance and biomass were also higher in the IVs, with small planktivores and large-bodied, commercially important species (e.g. groupers, snappers and grunts) presenting smaller abundances or being absent from RBs. Overall, IVs are unique and vulnerable habitats that sustain diverse assemblages and important ecosystem processes. As new IVs are detected by remote sensing or bathymetric surveys, they can be incorporated into regional marine management plans as conservation targets and priority sites for detailed in situ surveys.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Ecosystem ; Coral Reefs ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Water ; Fishes
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0293259
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Article ; Online: Precision and accuracy of common coral reef sampling protocols revisited with photogrammetry.

Carneiro, Ivan M / Sá, João A / Chiroque-Solano, Pamela M / Cardoso, Fernando C / Castro, Guilherme M / Salomon, Paulo S / Bastos, Alex C / Moura, Rodrigo L

Marine environmental research

2023 Volume 194, Page(s) 106304

Abstract: The rapid decline of coral reefs calls for cost-effective benthic cover data to improve reef health forecasts, policy building, management responses and evaluation. Reef monitoring has been largely based on divers' observations along transects, and ... ...

Abstract	The rapid decline of coral reefs calls for cost-effective benthic cover data to improve reef health forecasts, policy building, management responses and evaluation. Reef monitoring has been largely based on divers' observations along transects, and secondarily on quadrat-based protocols, video and photographic records. However, the accuracy and precision of the most common sampling approaches are not yet fully understood. Here, we compared benthic cover estimates from three common sampling protocols: Reef Check (RC), Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) and photoquadrats (PQ). The reef cover of two contrasting sites was reconstructed with ∼450 m
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Coral Reefs ; Anthozoa ; Photogrammetry
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1502505-6
ISSN	1879-0291 ; 0141-1136
ISSN (online)	1879-0291
ISSN	0141-1136
DOI	10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106304
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Article: Coral growth bands recorded trace elements associated with the Fundão dam collapse

Cardoso, Gabriel O. / Falsarella, Ludmilla N. / Chiroque-Solano, Pamela M. / Porcher, Carla C. / Leitzke, Felipe P. / Wegner, Aline C. / Carelli, Thiago / Salomon, Paulo S. / Bastos, Alex C. / Sá, Fabian / Fallon, Stewart / Salgado, Leonardo T. / Moura, Rodrigo L.

Science of the total environment. 2022 Feb. 10, v. 807

2022

Abstract: In November 2015, the collapse of the Fundão dam (Minas Gerais, Brazil) carried over 40 × 10⁶ m³ of iron ore tailings into the Doce river and caused massive environmental and socioeconomic impacts across the watershed. The downstream mudslide scavenged ... ...

Abstract	In November 2015, the collapse of the Fundão dam (Minas Gerais, Brazil) carried over 40 × 10⁶ m³ of iron ore tailings into the Doce river and caused massive environmental and socioeconomic impacts across the watershed. The downstream mudslide scavenged contaminants deposited in the riverbed, and several potentially toxic elements were further released through reduction and solubilization of Fe oxy-hydroxides under estuarine conditions. A turbidity plume was formed off the river mouth, but the detection of contaminants’ dispersion in the ocean remains poorly assessed. This situation is specially concerning because Southwestern Atlantic's largest and richest reefs are located 70-250 km to the north of the Doce river mouth, and the legal dispute over the extent of monitoring, compensation and restoration measures are based either on indirect evidence from modeling or on direct evidence from remote sensing and contaminated organisms. Coral skeletons can incorporate trace elements and are considered good monitors of marine pollution, including inputs from open cut mining. Here, we studied a Montastraea cavernosa (Linnaeus 1767) coral colony collected 220 km northward to the river mouth, using X-rays for assessing growth bands and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to recover trace elements incorporated in growth bands formed between 2014 and 2018. A threefold positive Fe anomaly was identified in early 2016, associated with negative anomalies in several elements. Variation in Ba and Y was coherent with the region's sedimentation dynamics, but also increased after 2016, akin to Pb, V and Zn. Coral growth rates decreased after the disaster. Besides validating M. cavernosa as a reliable archive of ocean chemistry, our results evidence wide-reaching sub-lethal coral contamination in the Abrolhos reefs, as well as different incorporation mechanisms into corals’ skeletons.
Keywords	atomic absorption spectrometry ; chemistry ; corals ; environment ; estuaries ; marine pollution ; rivers ; solubilization ; stream channels ; toxicity ; turbidity ; watersheds ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0210
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150880
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Article ; Online: Coral growth bands recorded trace elements associated with the Fundão dam collapse.

Cardoso, Gabriel O / Falsarella, Ludmilla N / Chiroque-Solano, Pamela M / Porcher, Carla C / Leitzke, Felipe P / Wegner, Aline C / Carelli, Thiago / Salomon, Paulo S / Bastos, Alex C / Sá, Fabian / Fallon, Stewart / Salgado, Leonardo T / Moura, Rodrigo L

The Science of the total environment

2021 Volume 807, Issue Pt 2, Page(s) 150880

Abstract: In November 2015, the collapse of the Fundão dam (Minas Gerais, Brazil) carried over 40 × ... ...

Abstract	In November 2015, the collapse of the Fundão dam (Minas Gerais, Brazil) carried over 40 × 10
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anthozoa ; Environmental Monitoring ; Rivers ; Structure Collapse ; Trace Elements
Chemical Substances	Trace Elements
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150880
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Article: Long‐term temporal and spatial patterns in bioeroding sponge distribution at the Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic

de Moraes, Fernando Coreixas / Amado‐Filho, Gilberto M / Bastos, Alex C / Cervi, Fernanda / Karez, Cláudia S / Leal, Gabriella A / Moura, Rodrigo L / Salgado, Leonardo T

Marine ecology. 2019 June, v. 40, no. 3

2019

Abstract: Bioeroding sponges belong to the most dominant bioeroders, significantly contributing to the erosion of coral reefs. Some species are tolerant or even benefit from environmental conditions such as ocean warming, acidification, and eutrophication. In ... ...

Abstract	Bioeroding sponges belong to the most dominant bioeroders, significantly contributing to the erosion of coral reefs. Some species are tolerant or even benefit from environmental conditions such as ocean warming, acidification, and eutrophication. In consequence, increases in sponge bioerosion have been observed on some coral reefs over the last decades. The Abrolhos Bank is the largest coral reef system in the South Atlantic. It has been affected by sedimentation, eutrophication, overfishing, and climate change, mainly affecting coastal reefs, and at lesser intensity outer ones as well. This study aimed to describe spatial and temporal patterns in bioeroding sponge distribution in carbonate substrates in the Abrolhos Bank. Photo‐quadrats were used to compare bioeroding sponge abundance between two shallow reefs: a coastal, Pedra de Leste (PL), and an outer reef, Parcel dos Abrolhos (PAB). Each individual was delimitated over the substrate by determining the sponge surface through a line connecting the outermost papillae. The study was conducted over 6 years in 2008–2009 and 2013–2016. Four species of bioeroding sponges were identified: Cliona carteri Ridley, 1881, C. delitrix Pang, 1973, C. cf. schmidtii Ridley, 1881, and Siphonodictyon coralliphagum Rützler, 1971. The distribution and abundance of species varied between the inner and outer reefs and across the years, and displayed certain selectivity for the calcareous substrates recorded. Crustose coralline algae (CCA) were the main substrate excavated by the most abundant bioeroding species, C. carteri, and represented 70% of the substrate types occupied by this sponge (CCA, coral overgrown by CCA and plain coral). The highest abundance of bioeroding sponges observed in photo‐quadrats was 21.3 individuals/m2 at the outer reefs (PAB) in 2014. The abundances or areal extents of bioeroding sponges were up to 10 times greater on the outer reefs than on the coastal ones, where sedimentation is higher and more strongly influenced by siliciclastic material. Moreover, a higher herbivorous fish biomass has been reported on outer reefs which could also influence the higher abundance of bioeroding sponges in outer reefs. During the study period of 6 years, an increase in bioeroding sponge abundance was observed at the outer reefs (PAB), with the sea surface temperature increase. As CCA have an important role in reefal cementation and carbonate production in the Abrolhos reefs, a bioerosion impact might be expected, in particular, on the outer reefs.
Keywords	acidification ; algae ; bioerosion ; biomass ; carbonates ; coral reefs ; corals ; environmental factors ; eutrophication ; herbivorous fish ; ocean warming ; overfishing ; Porifera ; surface water temperature ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-06
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2020745-1
ISSN	1439-0485 ; 0173-9565
ISSN (online)	1439-0485
ISSN	0173-9565
DOI	10.1111/maec.12531
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Article ; Online: Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology.

Ramalho, LaÍs V / Taylor, Paul D / Moraes, Fernando Coreixas / Moura, Rodrigo / Amado-Filho, Gilberto M / Bastos, Alex C

Zootaxa

2018 Volume 4483, Issue 1, Page(s) 155–186

Abstract: Bryozoans are a key group of sessile invertebrates in some reef frameworks but are typically neglected in environmental monitoring programs. Abrolhos Bank (Brazil) is the largest reef complex in the South Atlantic Ocean, encompassing several reef ... ...

Abstract	Bryozoans are a key group of sessile invertebrates in some reef frameworks but are typically neglected in environmental monitoring programs. Abrolhos Bank (Brazil) is the largest reef complex in the South Atlantic Ocean, encompassing several reef landscapes over an area of 46,000 km2. A transition takes place across the shelf from mangroves to soft sediments, coastal shallow reefs to a volcanic archipelago - surrounded by fringing reefs - and unique mushroom-shaped biogenic structures, with mesophotic pinnacle reefs, rhodolith beds, sink-holes and shelf break deep environments. The taxonomic composition of the bryozoan fauna was studied in 11 core samples taken from shallow to mesophotic mid-shelf reefs (4-25 m deep) on Abrolhos Bank by divers using a submersible drill. Of the 20 bryozoan species sampled, 17 are new records for Abrolhos Bank and seven species are new to science: Crassimarginatella winstonae n. sp., Parasmittina distincta n. sp., Parasmittina abrolhosensis n. sp., Hemismittoidea asymmetrica n. sp., Stylopoma variabilis n. sp., Stylopoma hastata n. sp., and Plesiocleidochasma acuminata n. sp. (described by Ramalho, Taylor Moraes). The most conspicuous species is Celleporaria atlantica. These results increase to 48 the total number of bryozoan species known in this region and reinforce the importance of this group as one of the main components apart from crustose coralline algae and corals of the reef framework-building community of Abrolhos Bank.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anthozoa ; Atlantic Ocean ; Brazil ; Coral Reefs ; Ecology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-20
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1175-5334
ISSN (online)	1175-5334
DOI	10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
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Article: Origin and sedimentary evolution of sinkholes (buracas) in the Abrolhos continental shelf, Brazil

Bastos, Alex C / Davide Bassi / Frederico M. Sampaio / Gilberto M. Amado-Filho / Juan C. Braga / Rodrigo L. Moura

Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology. 2016 Nov. 15, v. 462

2016

Abstract: Cup-shaped depressions (termed buracas by local fishermen) are common geomorphic features on the northeastern Abrolhos continental shelf (Brazil). Samples collected by technical diving from the walls of two depressions (Buraca Funda, B1, top at 59m, and ... ...

Abstract	Cup-shaped depressions (termed buracas by local fishermen) are common geomorphic features on the northeastern Abrolhos continental shelf (Brazil). Samples collected by technical diving from the walls of two depressions (Buraca Funda, B1, top at 59m, and Buraca Rasa, B2, top at 26m) and seismic profiles provide evidence of the processes leading to their formation. The top of the sedimentary succession consists of two units bounded by erosion unconformities. Unit 1 overlies an erosion surface (MR1) and is older than the radiocarbon dating limit. It is made up of packstone to rudstone accumulated on mid- to outer-shelf paleoenvironments. Voids in the limestone are filled by a meteoric cement 29,000calyrs BP in B2. It is assumed that Unit 1 formed in the late Pleistocene, mainly during MIS 5e. An erosion surface (MR2) carved sinkholes in Unit 1, with karstification taking place while the ACS was emergent during the last glacial period. The timing and span of subaerial exposure changes with depth within the shelf. Unit 2 accumulated on this karst surface in the Holocene, after postglacial sea level rise. At the B1 margin, Unit 2 consists of early-lithified packstone to rudstone with attached corals. In B2, the Holocene unit comprises a boundstone of encrusting invertebrates and calcareous algae similar to the living ones attached to the wall today. High productivity in the sinkholes probably promoted the growth of encrusting suspension feeders but also led to intense, multistory bioperforation of carbonates on the wall. The cup-shaped depressions are, therefore, the result of sinkhole formation during the last-glacial low sea levels and later carbonate accretion at sinkhole margins during the Holocene.
Keywords	algae ; carbonates ; cement ; continental shelf ; corals ; fishermen ; geophysics ; karsts ; limestone ; radiocarbon dating ; sea level ; suspension feeding ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-1115
Size	p. 101-111.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	417718-6
ISSN	0031-0182
ISSN	0031-0182
DOI	10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.09.009
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Article ; Online: Decadal (2006-2018) dynamics of Southwestern Atlantic's largest turbid zone reefs.

Teixeira, Carolina D / Chiroque-Solano, Pamela M / Ribeiro, Felipe V / Carlos-Júnior, Lélis A / Neves, Leonardo M / Salomon, Paulo S / Salgado, Leonardo T / Falsarella, Ludmilla N / Cardoso, Gabriel O / Villela, Lívia B / Freitas, Matheus O / Moraes, Fernando C / Bastos, Alex C / Moura, Rodrigo L

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) e0247111

Abstract: Tropical reefs are declining rapidly due to climate changes and local stressors such as water quality deterioration and overfishing. The so-called marginal reefs sustain significant coral cover and growth but are dominated by fewer species adapted to ... ...

Abstract	Tropical reefs are declining rapidly due to climate changes and local stressors such as water quality deterioration and overfishing. The so-called marginal reefs sustain significant coral cover and growth but are dominated by fewer species adapted to suboptimal conditions to most coral species. However, the dynamics of marginal systems may diverge from that of the archetypical oligotrophic tropical reefs, and it is unclear whether they are more or less susceptible to anthropogenic stress. Here, we present the largest (100 fixed quadrats at five reefs) and longest time series (13 years) of benthic cover data for Southwestern Atlantic turbid zone reefs, covering sites under contrasting anthropogenic and oceanographic forcing. Specifically, we addressed how benthic cover changed among habitats and sites, and possible dominance-shift trends. We found less temporal variation in offshore pinnacles' tops than on nearshore ones and, conversely, higher temporal fluctuation on offshore pinnacles' walls than on nearshore ones. In general, the Abrolhos reefs sustained a stable coral cover and we did not record regional-level dominance shifts favoring other organisms. However, coral decline was evidenced in one reef near a dredging disposal site. Relative abundances of longer-lived reef builders showed a high level of synchrony, which indicates that their dynamics fluctuate under similar drivers. Therefore, changes on those drivers could threaten the stability of these reefs. With the intensification of thermal anomalies and land-based stressors, it is unclear whether the Abrolhos reefs will keep providing key ecosystem services. It is paramount to restrain local stressors that contributed to coral reef deterioration in the last decades, once reversal and restoration tend to become increasingly difficult as coral reefs degrade further and climate changes escalate.
MeSH term(s)	Aquatic Organisms/physiology ; Atlantic Ocean ; Climate Change ; Coral Reefs
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0247111
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