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Article: Transmission of foreshock waves through Earth's bow shock.

Turc, L / Roberts, O W / Verscharen, D / Dimmock, A P / Kajdič, P / Palmroth, M / Pfau-Kempf, Y / Johlander, A / Dubart, M / Kilpua, E K J / Soucek, J / Takahashi, K / Takahashi, N / Battarbee, M / Ganse, U

Nature physics

2022 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 78–86

Abstract: The Earth's magnetosphere and its bow shock, which is formed by the interaction of the supersonic solar wind with the terrestrial magnetic field, constitute a rich natural laboratory enabling in situ investigations of universal plasma processes. Under ... ...

Abstract	The Earth's magnetosphere and its bow shock, which is formed by the interaction of the supersonic solar wind with the terrestrial magnetic field, constitute a rich natural laboratory enabling in situ investigations of universal plasma processes. Under suitable interplanetary magnetic field conditions, a foreshock with intense wave activity forms upstream of the bow shock. So-called 30 s waves, named after their typical period at Earth, are the dominant wave mode in the foreshock and play an important role in modulating the shape of the shock front and affect particle reflection at the shock. These waves are also observed inside the magnetosphere and down to the Earth's surface, but how they are transmitted through the bow shock remains unknown. By combining state-of-the-art global numerical simulations and spacecraft observations, we demonstrate that the interaction of foreshock waves with the shock generates earthward-propagating, fast-mode waves, which reach the magnetosphere. These findings give crucial insight into the interaction of waves with collisionless shocks in general and their impact on the downstream medium.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2206346-8
ISSN	1745-2481 ; 1745-2473
ISSN (online)	1745-2481
ISSN	1745-2473
DOI	10.1038/s41567-022-01837-z
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Article: Electron Signatures of Reconnection in a Global eVlasiator Simulation.

Alho, M / Battarbee, M / Pfau-Kempf, Y / Khotyaintsev, Yu V / Nakamura, R / Cozzani, G / Ganse, U / Turc, L / Johlander, A / Horaites, K / Tarvus, V / Zhou, H / Grandin, M / Dubart, M / Papadakis, K / Suni, J / George, H / Bussov, M / Palmroth, M

Geophysical research letters

2022 Volume 49, Issue 14, Page(s) e2022GL098329

Abstract: Geospace plasma simulations have progressed toward more realistic descriptions of the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction from magnetohydrodynamic to hybrid ion-kinetic, such as the state-of-the-art Vlasiator model. Despite computational advances, ... ...

Abstract	Geospace plasma simulations have progressed toward more realistic descriptions of the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction from magnetohydrodynamic to hybrid ion-kinetic, such as the state-of-the-art Vlasiator model. Despite computational advances, electron scales have been out of reach in a global setting. eVlasiator, a novel Vlasiator submodule, shows for the first time how electromagnetic fields driven by global hybrid-ion kinetics influence electrons, resulting in kinetic signatures. We analyze simulated electron distributions associated with reconnection sites and compare them with Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft observations. Comparison with MMS shows that key electron features, such as reconnection inflows, heated outflows, flat-top distributions, and bidirectional streaming, are in remarkable agreement. Thus, we show that many reconnection-related features can be reproduced despite strongly truncated electron physics and an ion-scale spatial resolution. Ion-scale dynamics and ion-driven magnetic fields are shown to be significantly responsible for the environment that produces electron dynamics observed by spacecraft in near-Earth plasmas.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	7403-2
ISSN	0094-8276
ISSN	0094-8276
DOI	10.1029/2022GL098329
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Conference proceedings ; Online: Six-dimensional view of Earth’s magnetosphere with the Vlasiator simulation

Turc, L. / Palmroth, M. / Grandin, M. / Horaites, K. / Alho, M. / Battarbee, M. / Bussov, M. / Cozzani, G. / Dubart, M. / Ganse, U. / Gordeev, E. / Papadakis, K. / Pfau-Kempf, Y. / Suni, J. / Tarvus, V. / Tesema, F. / Zaitsev, I. / Zhou, H.

XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)

2023

Abstract: Vlasiator is a hybrid-Vlasov model designed for global simulations of Earth's magnetosphere. In the hybrid-Vlasov approach, ions are described as velocity distribution functions and electrons are a charge-neutralising fluid. This provides a self- ... ...

Abstract	Vlasiator is a hybrid-Vlasov model designed for global simulations of Earth's magnetosphere. In the hybrid-Vlasov approach, ions are described as velocity distribution functions and electrons are a charge-neutralising fluid. This provides a self-consistent description of ion dynamics in the global magnetospheric context. Vlasiator simulations have been at first confined to two dimensions in ordinary space (2D) and three in velocity space (3V), due to their high computational cost. The recent implementation of adaptive mesh refinement now makes it possible to run 6D (3D-3V) global simulations of Earth's magnetosphere. Here we present an overview of recent results obtained with these new 6D simulations, pertaining to magnetotail dynamics, magnetopause motion, and particle precipitation into the ionosphere. The runs are carried out with a purely southward interplanetary magnetic field, which is conducive to dayside and nightside reconnection. On the dayside, we find that cusp proton precipitation is modulated by flux transfer events formed by magnetopause reconnection. In the magnetotail, the global simulation reveals the interplay between instabilities and reconnection, and their combined role in global magnetotail reconfiguration. We also study the motion of the magnetopause in response to an enhancement in the solar wind dynamic pressure.
Subject code	532
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Conference proceedings ; Online
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Article: Comparative Analysis of the Vlasiator Simulations and MMS Observations of Multiple X-Line Reconnection and Flux Transfer Events.

Akhavan-Tafti, M / Palmroth, M / Slavin, J A / Battarbee, M / Ganse, U / Grandin, M / Le, G / Gershman, D J / Eastwood, J P / Stawarz, J E

Journal of geophysical research. Space physics

2020 Volume 125, Issue 7, Page(s) e2019JA027410

Abstract: The Vlasiator hybrid-Vlasov code was developed to investigate global magnetospheric dynamics at ion-kinetic scales. Here we focus on the role of magnetic reconnection in the formation and evolution of magnetic islands at the low-latitude magnetopause, ... ...

Abstract	The Vlasiator hybrid-Vlasov code was developed to investigate global magnetospheric dynamics at ion-kinetic scales. Here we focus on the role of magnetic reconnection in the formation and evolution of magnetic islands at the low-latitude magnetopause, under southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions. The simulation results indicate that (1) the magnetic reconnection ion kinetics, including the Earthward pointing Larmor electric field on the magnetospheric side of an X-point and anisotropic ion distributions, are well-captured by Vlasiator, thus enabling the study of reconnection-driven magnetic island evolution processes, (2) magnetic islands evolve due to continuous reconnection at adjacent X-points, "coalescence" which refers to the merging of neighboring islands to create a larger island, "erosion" during which an island loses magnetic flux due to reconnection, and "division" which involves the splitting of an island into smaller islands, and (3) continuous reconnection at adjacent X-points is the dominant source of magnetic flux and plasma to the outer layers of magnetic islands resulting in cross-sectional growth rates up to + 0.3 R
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2033040-6
ISSN	2169-9402 ; 2169-9380
ISSN (online)	2169-9402
ISSN	2169-9380
DOI	10.1029/2019JA027410
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Article: Quasi-Parallel Shock Reformation Seen by Magnetospheric Multiscale and Ion-Kinetic Simulations.

Johlander, Andreas / Battarbee, Markus / Turc, Lucile / Ganse, Urs / Pfau-Kempf, Yann / Grandin, Maxime / Suni, Jonas / Tarvus, Vertti / Bussov, Maarja / Zhou, Hongyang / Alho, Markku / Dubart, Maxime / George, Harriet / Papadakis, Konstantinos / Palmroth, Minna

Geophysical research letters

2022 Volume 49, Issue 2, Page(s) e2021GL096335

Abstract: Shock waves in collisionless plasmas are among the most efficient particle accelerators in space. Shock reformation is a process important to plasma heating and acceleration, but direct observations of reformation at quasi-parallel shocks have been ... ...

Abstract	Shock waves in collisionless plasmas are among the most efficient particle accelerators in space. Shock reformation is a process important to plasma heating and acceleration, but direct observations of reformation at quasi-parallel shocks have been lacking. Here, we investigate Earth's quasi-parallel bow shock with observations by the four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. The multi-spacecraft observations provide evidence of short large-amplitude magnetic structures (SLAMS) causing reformation of the quasi-parallel shock. We perform an ion-kinetic Vlasiator simulation of the bow shock and show that SLAMS reforming the bow shock recreates the multi-spacecraft measurements. This provides a method for identifying shock reformation in the future.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	7403-2
ISSN	0094-8276
ISSN	0094-8276
DOI	10.1029/2021GL096335
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Book ; Online: First 3D hybrid-Vlasov global simulation of auroral proton precipitation and comparison with satellite observations

Grandin, Maxime / Luttikhuis, Thijs / Battarbee, Markus / Cozzani, Giulia / Zhou, Hongyang / Turc, Lucile / Pfau-Kempf, Yann / George, Harriet / Horaites, Konstantinos / Gordeev, Evgeny / Ganse, Urs / Papadakis, Konstantinos / Alho, Markku / Tesema, Fasil / Suni, Jonas / Dubart, Maxime / Tarvus, Vertti / Palmroth, Minna

2023

Abstract: The precipitation of charged particles from the magnetosphere into the ionosphere is one of the crucial coupling mechanisms between these two regions of geospace and is associated with multiple space weather effects, such as global navigation satellite ... ...

Abstract	The precipitation of charged particles from the magnetosphere into the ionosphere is one of the crucial coupling mechanisms between these two regions of geospace and is associated with multiple space weather effects, such as global navigation satellite system signal disruption and geomagnetically induced currents at ground level. While precipitating particle fluxes have been measured by numerous spacecraft missions over the past decades, it often remains difficult to obtain global precipitation patterns with a good time resolution during a substorm. Numerical simulations can help to bridge this gap and improve the understanding of mechanisms leading to particle precipitation at high latitudes through the global view they offer on the near-Earth space system. We present the first results on auroral (0.5-50 keV) proton precipitation within a 3-dimensional simulation of the Vlasiator hybrid-Vlasov model. The run is driven by southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions with constant solar wind parameters. We find that, on the dayside, cusp proton precipitation exhibits the expected energy-latitude dispersion and takes place in the form of successive bursts associated with the transit of flux transfer events formed through dayside magnetopause reconnection. On the nightside, the precipitation takes place within the expected range of geomagnetic latitudes, and it appears clearly that the precipitating particle injection is taking place within a narrow magnetic local time span, associated with fast Earthward plasma flows in the near-Earth magnetotail. Finally, the simulated precipitating fluxes are compared to observations from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program spacecraft during driving conditions similar to those in the simulation and are found to be in good agreement with the measurements. Comment: Accepted for publication in the Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate (JSWSC). 35 pages, 15 figures
Keywords	Physics - Space Physics
Subject code	910
Publishing date	2023-01-16
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Vlasov methods in space physics and astrophysics.

Palmroth, Minna / Ganse, Urs / Pfau-Kempf, Yann / Battarbee, Markus / Turc, Lucile / Brito, Thiago / Grandin, Maxime / Hoilijoki, Sanni / Sandroos, Arto / von Alfthan, Sebastian

Living reviews in computational astrophysics

2018 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 1

Abstract: This paper reviews Vlasov-based numerical methods used to model plasma in space physics and astrophysics. Plasma consists of collectively behaving charged particles that form the major part of baryonic matter in the Universe. Many concepts ranging from ... ...

Abstract	This paper reviews Vlasov-based numerical methods used to model plasma in space physics and astrophysics. Plasma consists of collectively behaving charged particles that form the major part of baryonic matter in the Universe. Many concepts ranging from our own planetary environment to the Solar system and beyond can be understood in terms of kinetic plasma physics, represented by the Vlasov equation. We introduce the physical basis for the Vlasov system, and then outline the associated numerical methods that are typically used. A particular application of the Vlasov system is Vlasiator, the world's first global hybrid-Vlasov simulation for the Earth's magnetic domain, the magnetosphere. We introduce the design strategies for Vlasiator and outline its numerical concepts ranging from solvers to coupling schemes. We review Vlasiator's parallelisation methods and introduce the used high-performance computing (HPC) techniques. A short review of verification, validation and physical results is included. The purpose of the paper is to present the Vlasov system and introduce an example implementation, and to illustrate that even with massive computational challenges, an accurate description of physics can be rewarding in itself and significantly advance our understanding. Upcoming supercomputing resources are making similar efforts feasible in other fields as well, making our design options relevant for others facing similar challenges.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2365-0524
ISSN (online)	2365-0524
DOI	10.1007/s41115-018-0003-2
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Article ; Online: Precision Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Nitrogen and its Primary and Secondary Components with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station.

Aguilar, M / Ali Cavasonza, L / Alpat, B / Ambrosi, G / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Aupetit, S / Azzarello, P / Bachlechner, A / Barao, F / Barrau, A / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Basara, L / Başeğmez-du Pree, S / Battarbee, M / Battiston, R / Becker, U / Behlmann, M /

Beischer, B / Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B / Bindel, K F / Bindi, V / de Boer, W / Bollweg, K / Bonnivard, V / Borgia, B / Boschini, M J / Bourquin, M / Bueno, E F / Burger, J / Burger, W J / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Caroff, S / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chang, Y H / Chen, A I / Chen, G M / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Choumilov, E / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Clavero, R / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Creus, W / Crispoltoni, M / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / Dai, Y M / Datta, A / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Dimiccoli, F / Díaz, C / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Eronen, T / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Galaktionov, Y / Gallucci, G / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gebauer, I / Gervasi, M / Ghelfi, A / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grabski, V / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Guo, K H / Haino, S / Han, K C / He, Z H / Heil, M / Hsieh, T H / Huang, H / Huang, Z C / Incagli, M / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Kanishev, K / Khiali, B / Kirn, Th / Konak, C / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lebedev, A / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Leluc, C / Li, H S / Li, J Q / Li, Q / Li, T X / Li, Z H / Li, Z Y / Lin, C H / Lipari, P / Lippert, T / Liu, D / Liu, Hu / Liu, Z / Lordello, V D / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, F / Luo, J Z / Lyu, S S / Machate, F / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Mikuni, V M / Mo, D C / Mott, P / Mussolin, L / Nelson, T / Ni, J Q / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Palomares, C / Paniccia, M / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Perrina, C / Phan, H D / Picot-Clemente, N / Pilo, F / Plyaskin, V / Pohl, M / Poireau, V / Quadrani, L / Qi, X M / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Räihä, T / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Ricol, J S / Rosier-Lees, S / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Schael, S / Schmidt, S M / Schulz von Dratzig, A / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shan, B S / Shi, J Y / Siedenburg, T / Song, J W / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tescaro, D / Tian, J / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Urban, T / Vagelli, V / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Vázquez Acosta, M / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, X / Wang, X Q / Wang, Z X / Wei, C C / Wei, J / Weng, Z L / Whitman, K / Wu, H / Xiong, R Q / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, M / Yang, Y / Yi, H / Yu, Y J / Yu, Z Q / Zannoni, M / Zeissler, S / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, J / Zhang, J H / Zhang, S W / Zhang, Z / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zimmermann, N / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2018 Volume 121, Issue 5, Page(s) 51103

Abstract: A precision measurement of the nitrogen flux with rigidity (momentum per unit charge) from 2.2 GV to 3.3 TV based on 2.2×10^{6} events is presented. The detailed rigidity dependence of the nitrogen flux spectral index is presented for the first time. The ...

Abstract	A precision measurement of the nitrogen flux with rigidity (momentum per unit charge) from 2.2 GV to 3.3 TV based on 2.2×10^{6} events is presented. The detailed rigidity dependence of the nitrogen flux spectral index is presented for the first time. The spectral index rapidly hardens at high rigidities and becomes identical to the spectral indices of primary He, C, and O cosmic rays above ∼700 GV. We observed that the nitrogen flux Φ_{N} can be presented as the sum of its primary component Φ_{N}^{P} and secondary component Φ_{N}^{S}, Φ_{N}=Φ_{N}^{P}+Φ_{N}^{S}, and we found Φ_{N} is well described by the weighted sum of the oxygen flux Φ_{O} (primary cosmic rays) and the boron flux Φ_{B} (secondary cosmic rays), with Φ_{N}^{P}=(0.090±0.002)×Φ_{O} and Φ_{N}^{S}=(0.62±0.02)×Φ_{B} over the entire rigidity range. This corresponds to a change of the contribution of the secondary cosmic ray component in the nitrogen flux from 70% at a few GV to <30% above 1 TV.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051103
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Article ; Online: Observation of Complex Time Structures in the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station.

Aguilar, M / Cavasonza, L Ali / Ambrosi, G / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Aupetit, S / Azzarello, P / Bachlechner, A / Barao, F / Barrau, A / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Basara, L / Başeğmez-du Pree, S / Battarbee, M / Battiston, R / Becker, U / Behlmann, M / Beischer, B /

Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B / Bindel, K F / Bindi, V / de Boer, W / Bollweg, K / Bonnivard, V / Borgia, B / Boschini, M J / Bourquin, M / Bueno, E F / Burger, J / Cadoux, F / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Caroff, S / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chae, M J / Chang, Y H / Chen, A I / Chen, G M / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Choumilov, E / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Clavero, R / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Creus, W / Crispoltoni, M / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / Dai, Y M / Datta, A / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Dimiccoli, F / Díaz, C / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / D'Urso, D / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Eronen, T / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Galaktionov, Y / Gallucci, G / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gebauer, I / Gervasi, M / Ghelfi, A / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grabski, V / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Guo, K H / Haino, S / Han, K C / He, Z H / Heil, M / Hsieh, T H / Huang, H / Huang, Z C / Huh, C / Incagli, M / Ionica, M / Jang, W Y / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Kang, S C / Kanishev, K / Khiali, B / Kim, G N / Kim, K S / Kirn, Th / Konak, C / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lebedev, A / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Leluc, C / Li, H S / Li, J Q / Li, Q / Li, T X / Li, Z H / Li, Z Y / Lim, S / Lin, C H / Lipari, P / Lippert, T / Liu, D / Liu, Hu / Lordello, V D / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, F / Luo, J Z / Lyu, S S / Machate, F / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Mikuni, V M / Mo, D C / Mott, P / Nelson, T / Ni, J Q / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Palomares, C / Paniccia, M / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Perrina, C / Phan, H D / Picot-Clemente, N / Pilo, F / Pizzolotto, C / Plyaskin, V / Pohl, M / Poireau, V / Quadrani, L / Qi, X M / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Räihä, T / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Ricol, J S / Rosier-Lees, S / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Schael, S / Schmidt, S M / von Dratzig, A Schulz / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shan, B S / Shi, J Y / Siedenburg, T / Son, D / Song, J W / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tescaro, D / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Türkoğlu, C / Urban, T / Vagelli, V / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Vázquez Acosta, M / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, X / Wang, X Q / Wang, Z X / Wei, C C / Weng, Z L / Whitman, K / Wu, H / Wu, X / Xiong, R Q / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, J / Yang, M / Yang, Y / Yi, H / Yu, Y J / Yu, Z Q / Zannoni, M / Zeissler, S / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, J / Zhang, J H / Zhang, S W / Zhang, Z / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zimmermann, N / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2018 Volume 121, Issue 5, Page(s) 51102

Abstract: We present high-statistics, precision measurements of the detailed time and energy dependence of the primary cosmic-ray electron flux and positron flux over 79 Bartels rotations from May 2011 to May 2017 in the energy range from 1 to 50 GeV. For the ... ...

Abstract	We present high-statistics, precision measurements of the detailed time and energy dependence of the primary cosmic-ray electron flux and positron flux over 79 Bartels rotations from May 2011 to May 2017 in the energy range from 1 to 50 GeV. For the first time, the charge-sign dependent modulation during solar maximum has been investigated in detail by leptons alone. Based on 23.5×10^{6} events, we report the observation of short-term structures on the timescale of months coincident in both the electron flux and the positron flux. These structures are not visible in the e^{+}/e^{-} flux ratio. The precision measurements across the solar polarity reversal show that the ratio exhibits a smooth transition over 830±30 days from one value to another. The midpoint of the transition shows an energy dependent delay relative to the reversal and changes by 260±30 days from 1 to 6 GeV.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051102
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Article ; Online: Observation of Fine Time Structures in the Cosmic Proton and Helium Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station.

Beischer, B / Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B / Bindel, K F / Bindi, V / de Boer, W / Bollweg, K / Bonnivard, V / Borgia, B / Boschini, M J / Bourquin, M / Bueno, E F / Burger, J / Cadoux, F / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Caroff, S / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chae, M J / Chang, Y H / Chen, A I / Chen, G M / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Choumilov, E / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Clavero, R / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Creus, W / Crispoltoni, M / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / Dai, Y M / Datta, A / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Dimiccoli, F / Díaz, C / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / D'Urso, D / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Eronen, T / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Galaktionov, Y / Gallucci, G / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gebauer, I / Gervasi, M / Ghelfi, A / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grabski, V / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Guo, K H / Haino, S / Han, K C / He, Z H / Heil, M / Hoffman, J / Hsieh, T H / Huang, H / Huang, Z C / Huh, C / Incagli, M / Ionica, M / Jang, W Y / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Kang, S C / Kanishev, K / Khiali, B / Kim, G N / Kim, K S / Kirn, Th / Konak, C / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lebedev, A / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Leluc, C / Li, H S / Li, J Q / Li, Q / Li, T X / Li, Z H / Li, Z Y / Light, C / Lim, S / Lin, C H / Lipari, P / Lippert, T / Liu, D / Liu, Hu / Lordello, V D / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, F / Luo, J Z / Luo, X / Lyu, S S / Machate, F / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Mikuni, V M / Mo, D C / Mott, P / Nelson, T / Ni, J Q / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Palomares, C / Paniccia, M / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Perrina, C / Phan, H D / Picot-Clemente, N / Pilo, F / Pizzolotto, C / Plyaskin, V / Pohl, M / Poireau, V / Popkow, A / Quadrani, L / Qi, X M / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Räihä, T / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Ricol, J S / Rosier-Lees, S / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Schael, S / Schmidt, S M / Schulz von Dratzig, A / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shan, B S / Shi, J Y / Siedenburg, T / Son, D / Song, J W / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tescaro, D / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Türkoğlu, C / Urban, T / Vagelli, V / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Vázquez Acosta, M / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, X / Wang, X Q / Wang, Z X / Wei, C C / Weng, Z L / Whitman, K / Wu, H / Wu, X / Xiong, R Q / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, J / Yang, M / Yang, Y / Yi, H / Yu, Y J / Yu, Z Q / Zannoni, M / Zeissler, S / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, J / Zhang, J H / Zhang, S W / Zhang, Z / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zimmermann, N / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2018 Volume 121, Issue 5, Page(s) 51101

Abstract: We present the precision measurement from May 2011 to May 2017 (79 Bartels rotations) of the proton fluxes at rigidities from 1 to 60 GV and the helium fluxes from 1.9 to 60 GV based on a total of 1×10^{9} events collected with the Alpha Magnetic ... ...

Abstract	We present the precision measurement from May 2011 to May 2017 (79 Bartels rotations) of the proton fluxes at rigidities from 1 to 60 GV and the helium fluxes from 1.9 to 60 GV based on a total of 1×10^{9} events collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer aboard the International Space Station. This measurement is in solar cycle 24, which has the solar maximum in April 2014. We observed that, below 40 GV, the proton flux and the helium flux show nearly identical fine structures in both time and relative amplitude. The amplitudes of the flux structures decrease with increasing rigidity and vanish above 40 GV. The amplitudes of the structures are reduced during the time period, which started one year after solar maximum, when the proton and helium fluxes steadily increase. Above ∼3 GV the p/He flux ratio is time independent. We observed that below ∼3 GV the ratio has a long-term decrease coinciding with the period during which the fluxes start to rise.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051101
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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