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  1. Article ; Online: Anaerobic Digestion of Aqueous Product of Co-Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Beverage Waste and Sewage Sludge: Reduction of Toxicity and Energy Assessment

    Adedeji, Oluwayinka M. / Bauer, Sarah K. / Jahan, Kauser

    Energy Conversion and Management. , p.117228-

    2023  , Page(s) 117228–

    Abstract: Beverage waste and sewage sludge are two of the most generated waste-based biomasses. Recently, the production of biocrude through the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of both wastes independently or jointly resulted in the generation of an aqueous ... ...

    Abstract Beverage waste and sewage sludge are two of the most generated waste-based biomasses. Recently, the production of biocrude through the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of both wastes independently or jointly resulted in the generation of an aqueous byproduct (ACP) of high dissolved organic carbon. The high dissolved organic carbon means that ACP can be digested anaerobically to recover more bioenergy products like methane. This study investigated the anaerobic digestion (AD) of ACP produced from co-HTL of beverage waste [winery rose lees (RL)/brewery trub (BT)] and primary sludge (PS) with reference to the quantity and energy content of methane produced as well as the suitability of digestate as an organic fertilizer. Results indicated that ACP generated from the HTL of combined RL and PS (RLPS) produced the highest specific methane yield of 317 mL/gCOD and energy recovery of 80.64% while ACP generated from PS produced the lowest specific methane yield of 26 mL/gCOD and energy recovery of 6.62%. Results also indicated the N/P ratio of the anaerobic digestate makes it suitable for fertilizer application although it needs to be supplemented by K, Ca, and Mg. The results of this study proved that ACP produced during the HTL processing of mixed sewage sludge and beverage waste generates higher methane yield than what could be generated if both wastes are not mixed. This study emphasized that efficient process optimization and energy recovery can be obtained in AD of HTL ACP using a mixed feedstock rather than single feedstocks.
    Keywords administrative management ; anaerobic digestion ; beverages ; biofuels ; byproducts ; dissolved organic carbon ; energy content ; energy conversion ; energy recovery ; feedstocks ; fertilizer application ; hydrothermal liquefaction ; methane ; methane production ; organic fertilizers ; sewage sludge ; toxicity ; Co-Hydrothermal Liquefaction ; Percentage Inhibition ; Digestate
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 2000891-0
    ISSN 0196-8904
    ISSN 0196-8904
    DOI 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117228
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  2. Article ; Online: Development of a COVID-19 Vulnerability Index (CVI) for the Counties and Residents of New Jersey, USA.

    DiSalvatore, Remo / Bauer, Sarah K / Ahn, Jeong Eun / Jahan, Kauser

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2023  Volume 20, Issue 13

    Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, has impacted countless aspects of everyday life since it was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March of 2020. From societal to economic impacts, COVID-19 and its variants will leave ... ...

    Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, has impacted countless aspects of everyday life since it was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March of 2020. From societal to economic impacts, COVID-19 and its variants will leave a lasting impact on our society and the world. During the height of the pandemic, it became increasingly evident that indices, such as the Center for Disease Control's (CDC) Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), were instrumental in predicting vulnerabilities within a community. The CDC's SVI provides important estimates on which communities will be more susceptible to 'hazard events' by compiling a variety of data from the U.S. Census and the American Community Survey. The CDC's SVI does not directly consider the susceptibility of a community to a global pandemic, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the four themes and 15 factors that contribute to the index. Thus, the objective of this research is to develop a COVID-19 Vulnerability Index, or CVI, to evaluate a community's susceptibility to future pandemics. With 15 factors considered for CDC's SVI, 26 other factors were also considered for the development of the CVI that covered themes such as socioeconomic status, environmental factors, healthcare capacity, epidemiological factors, and disability. All factors were equally weighted to calculate the CVI based on New Jersey. The CVI was validated by comparing index results to real-world COVID-19 data from New Jersey's 21 counties and CDC's SVI. The results present a stronger positive linear relationship between the CVI and the New Jersey COVID-19 mortality/population and infection/population than there is with the SVI. The results of this study indicate that Essex County has the highest CVI, and Hunterdon County has the lowest CVI. This is due to factors such as disparity in wealth, population density, minority status, and housing conditions, as well as other factors that were used to compose the CVI. The implications of this research will provide a critical tool for decision makers to utilize in allocating resources should another global pandemic occur. This CVI, developed through this research, can be used at the county, state, and global levels to help measure the vulnerability to future pandemics.
    MeSH term(s) United States/epidemiology ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; New Jersey/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Censuses ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph20136312
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  3. Article: Evaluating the Water Quality Impacts of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Assessment of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Energy Recovery

    Bauer, Sarah K / Catherine F. Reynolds / Shanshan Peng / Lisa M. Colosi

    Bioresource technology reports. 2018 June, v. 2

    2018  

    Abstract: This research evaluates possible water impacts arising from creation of potent wastewaters during hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of organic wastes. Aqueous co-products (ACPs) arising from HTL of eight feedstocks contained very high concentrations of ... ...

    Abstract This research evaluates possible water impacts arising from creation of potent wastewaters during hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of organic wastes. Aqueous co-products (ACPs) arising from HTL of eight feedstocks contained very high concentrations of traditional wastewater pollutants: 100–3300 mg/L total nitrogen (N), 45–3600 mg/L total phosphorus (P), and 16,000–234,000 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD). pH was 4.4–8.8. These characteristics render ACP more noxious than relevant benchmark wastewaters. Adjustment of published energy ratio metrics to account for ACP treatment reveals that energy yield is moderately decreased, and energy consumption for COD, TN, and TP removal is of the same order of magnitude as liquefaction. Recovery of valuable nutrients (i.e., N and P) from ACP via precipitation could reduce the energy intensity of ACP management and mitigate its impact on energy recovery. In particular, precipitation-based nutrient recovery could enhance HTL's appeal as means to valorize waste into renewable energy and valuable scarce materials.
    Keywords carbon ; chemical oxygen demand ; coproducts ; energy ; energy recovery ; feedstocks ; hydrothermal liquefaction ; nutrients ; organic wastes ; pH ; pollutants ; renewable energy sources ; total nitrogen ; total phosphorus ; wastewater ; water quality
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-06
    Size p. 115-120.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2589-014X
    DOI 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.04.010
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  4. Article ; Online: Reevaluation of the global warming impacts of algae-derived biofuels to account for possible contributions of nitrous oxide.

    Bauer, Sarah K / Grotz, Lara S / Connelly, Elizabeth B / Colosi, Lisa M

    Bioresource technology

    2016  Volume 218, Page(s) 196–201

    Abstract: The environmental impacts of algae biofuels have been evaluated by life-cycle assessment (LCA); however, these analyses have overlooked nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. A literature analysis was performed to estimate algal N2O emissions and ... ...

    Abstract The environmental impacts of algae biofuels have been evaluated by life-cycle assessment (LCA); however, these analyses have overlooked nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. A literature analysis was performed to estimate algal N2O emissions and assess the impacts of growth conditions on flux magnitudes. Nitrogen source and dissolved oxygen concentration were identified as possible key contributors; therefore, their individual and combined impacts were evaluated using bench-scale experiments. It was observed that maximum N2O emissions (77.5μg/galgae/day) occur under anoxic conditions with nitrite. Conversely, minimum emissions (6.25μg/galgae/day) occur under oxic conditions with nitrate. Aggregated N2O flux estimates were then incorporated into a LCA framework for algae biodiesel. Accounting for "low" N2O emissions mediated no significant increase (<1%) compared to existing GWP estimates; however, "high" N2O emissions mediate an increase of roughly 25%, potentially jeopardizing the anticipated economic and environmental performances of algae biofuels.
    MeSH term(s) Biofuels ; Environment ; Global Warming ; Nitrates/chemistry ; Nitrites/chemistry ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Nitrogen/chemistry ; Nitrous Oxide/analysis ; Oxygen/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Biofuels ; Nitrates ; Nitrites ; Nitrous Oxide (K50XQU1029) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1065195-0
    ISSN 1873-2976 ; 0960-8524
    ISSN (online) 1873-2976
    ISSN 0960-8524
    DOI 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.058
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  5. Article: Reevaluation of the global warming impacts of algae-derived biofuels to account for possible contributions of nitrous oxide

    Bauer, Sarah K / Elizabeth B. Connelly / Lara S. Grotz / Lisa M. Colosi

    Bioresource technology. 2016 Oct., v. 218

    2016  

    Abstract: The environmental impacts of algae biofuels have been evaluated by life-cycle assessment (LCA); however, these analyses have overlooked nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. A literature analysis was performed to estimate algal N2O emissions and ... ...

    Abstract The environmental impacts of algae biofuels have been evaluated by life-cycle assessment (LCA); however, these analyses have overlooked nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. A literature analysis was performed to estimate algal N2O emissions and assess the impacts of growth conditions on flux magnitudes. Nitrogen source and dissolved oxygen concentration were identified as possible key contributors; therefore, their individual and combined impacts were evaluated using bench-scale experiments. It was observed that maximum N2O emissions (77.5μg/galgae/day) occur under anoxic conditions with nitrite. Conversely, minimum emissions (6.25μg/galgae/day) occur under oxic conditions with nitrate. Aggregated N2O flux estimates were then incorporated into a LCA framework for algae biodiesel. Accounting for “low” N2O emissions mediated no significant increase (<1%) compared to existing GWP estimates; however, “high” N2O emissions mediate an increase of roughly 25%, potentially jeopardizing the anticipated economic and environmental performances of algae biofuels.
    Keywords algae ; anaerobic conditions ; biodiesel ; dissolved oxygen ; environmental impact ; global warming ; greenhouse gas emissions ; greenhouse gases ; life cycle assessment ; nitrates ; nitrites ; nitrogen ; nitrous oxide
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-10
    Size p. 196-201.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1065195-0
    ISSN 1873-2976 ; 0960-8524
    ISSN (online) 1873-2976
    ISSN 0960-8524
    DOI 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.058
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  6. Article: Reevaluation of the global warming impacts of algae-derived biofuels to account for possible contributions of nitrous oxide

    Bauer, Sarah K. / Lara S. GrotzauthorDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, 351 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400742, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States / Elizabeth B. ConnellyauthorDepartment of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, 151 Engineers Way, P.O. Box 400747, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States / Lisa M. ColosiauthorDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, 351 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400742, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
    Language English
    Document type Article
    Database AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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