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  1. Article ; Online: Comparison of Race Time-Differences Between and Within Para and Able-Bodied Cross-Country Skiers.

    Carlsen, Camilla H / Severin, Cecilia / Sandbakk, Øyvind / Baumgart, Julia K

    Frontiers in sports and active living

    2022  Volume 3, Page(s) 823014

    Abstract: Purpose: To compare differences in race time (i.e., the average percent difference in race time for each skier compared to the winner, RT: Methods: Race data from World Cups (WCs), World Championships (WCHs), and Paralympic/Olympic Winter Games (PWG/ ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To compare differences in race time (i.e., the average percent difference in race time for each skier compared to the winner, RT
    Methods: Race data from World Cups (WCs), World Championships (WCHs), and Paralympic/Olympic Winter Games (PWG/OWGs) of the 2011-2020 seasons was extracted from the website of the International Paralympic Committee and the International Ski Federation. All individual distance races for female and male visually impaired standing (VI), physically impaired sitting (SIT) and standing (STAND), and AB skiers with ≥10 competitors were included in the analyses. We investigated the main effect of skiing groups (i.e., VI, STAND, SIT, and AB skiers) and sex on RT
    Results: RT
    Conclusion: The larger RT
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2624-9367
    ISSN (online) 2624-9367
    DOI 10.3389/fspor.2021.823014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Confirming the attainment of maximal oxygen uptake within special and clinical groups: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise test and verification phase protocols.

    Costa, Victor A B / Midgley, Adrian W / Baumgart, Julia K / Carroll, Sean / Astorino, Todd A / Schaun, Gustavo Z / Fonseca, Guilherme F / Cunha, Felipe A

    PloS one

    2024  Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) e0299563

    Abstract: Background and aim: A plateau in oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) during an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to volitional exhaustion appears less likely to occur in special and clinical populations. Secondary maximal oxygen uptake ([ ... ...

    Abstract Background and aim: A plateau in oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) during an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to volitional exhaustion appears less likely to occur in special and clinical populations. Secondary maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) criteria have been shown to commonly underestimate the actual [Formula: see text]. The verification phase protocol might determine the occurrence of 'true' [Formula: see text] in these populations. The primary aim of the current study was to systematically review and provide a meta-analysis on the suitability of the verification phase for confirming 'true' [Formula: see text] in special and clinical groups. Secondary aims were to explore the applicability of the verification phase according to specific participant characteristics and investigate which test protocols and procedures minimise the differences between the highest [Formula: see text] values attained in the CPET and verification phase.
    Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and EMBASE) were searched using specific search strategies and relevant data were extracted from primary studies. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were systematically reviewed. Meta-analysis techniques were applied to quantify weighted mean differences (standard deviations) in peak [Formula: see text] from a CPET and a verification phase within study groups using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses investigated the differences in [Formula: see text] according to individual characteristics and test protocols. The methodological quality of the included primary studies was assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist to obtain a level of evidence. Participant-level [Formula: see text] data were analysed according to the threshold criteria reported by the studies or the inherent measurement error of the metabolic analysers and displayed as Bland-Altman plots.
    Results: Forty-three studies were included in the systematic review, whilst 30 presented quantitative information for meta-analysis. Within the 30 studies, the highest mean [Formula: see text] values attained in the CPET and verification phase protocols were similar (mean difference = -0.00 [95% confidence intervals, CI = -0.03 to 0.03] L·min-1, p = 0.87; level of evidence, LoE: strong). The specific clinical groups with sufficient primary studies to be meta-analysed showed a similar [Formula: see text] between the CPET and verification phase (p > 0.05, LoE: limited to strong). Across all 30 studies, [Formula: see text] was not affected by differences in test protocols (p > 0.05; LoE: moderate to strong). Only 23 (53.5%) of the 43 reviewed studies reported how many participants achieved a lower, equal, or higher [Formula: see text] value in the verification phase versus the CPET or reported or supplied participant-level [Formula: see text] data for this information to be obtained. The percentage of participants that achieved a lower, equal, or higher [Formula: see text] value in the verification phase was highly variable across studies (e.g. the percentage that achieved a higher [Formula: see text] in the verification phase ranged from 0% to 88.9%).
    Conclusion: Group-level verification phase data appear useful for confirming a specific CPET protocol likely elicited [Formula: see text], or a reproducible [Formula: see text], for a given special or clinical group. Participant-level data might be useful for confirming whether specific participants have likely elicited [Formula: see text], or a reproducible [Formula: see text], however, more research reporting participant-level data is required before evidence-based guidelines can be given.
    Trial registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021247658) https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Exercise Test/methods ; Oxygen Consumption ; Checklist ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Systematic Reviews as Topic
    Chemical Substances Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0299563
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Comparison of Physiological and Biomechanical Responses to Flat and Uphill Cross-Country Sit-Skiing in Able-Bodied Athletes.

    Carlsen, Camilla H / McGhie, David / Baumgart, Julia K / Sandbakk, Øyvind

    International journal of sports physiology and performance

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 11, Page(s) 1596–1602

    Abstract: Purpose: To compare peak work rate (WRpeak) and associated physiological and biomechanical performance-determining variables between flat and uphill cross-country (XC) sit-skiing.: Methods: Fifteen able-bodied male XC skiers completed 2 test sessions, ...

    Abstract Purpose: To compare peak work rate (WRpeak) and associated physiological and biomechanical performance-determining variables between flat and uphill cross-country (XC) sit-skiing.
    Methods: Fifteen able-bodied male XC skiers completed 2 test sessions, each comprising four 4-minute submaximal stages, followed by an incremental test to exhaustion and a verification test in a sit-ski on a roller-ski treadmill. The test sessions were counterbalanced by the incline, being either 0.5% (FLAT) or 5% (UPHILL). The authors compared WRpeak and peak oxygen uptake, as well as physiological variables, rating of perceived exertion, gross efficiency, and cycle characteristics at identical submaximal work rate, between FLAT and UPHILL.
    Results: In UPHILL, WRpeak was 35% higher compared to FLAT (P < .001), despite no difference in peak oxygen uptake (P = .9). The higher WRpeak in UPHILL was achieved through more work per cycle, which was enabled by the twice as long poling time, compared to FLAT (P < .001). Submaximal gross efficiency was 0.5 to 2 percentage points lower in FLAT compared to UPHILL (P < .001), with an increasing difference as work rate increased (P < .001). Neither cycle rate nor work per cycle differed between inclines when compared at identical submaximal work rate (P > .16).
    Conclusions: The longer poling times utilized in uphill XC sit-skiing enable more work per cycle and better gross efficiency, thereby allowing skiers to achieve a higher WRpeak compared to flat XC sit-skiing. However, the similar values of peak oxygen uptake between inclines indicate that XC sit-skiers can tax their cardiorespiratory capacity similarly in both conditions.
    MeSH term(s) Athletes ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Male ; Oxygen Consumption/physiology ; Skiing/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1555-0273
    ISSN (online) 1555-0273
    DOI 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0752
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Corrigendum: Comparison of Peak Oxygen Uptake and Test-Retest Reliability of Physiological Parameters between Closed-End and Incremental Upper-Body Poling Tests.

    Baumgart, Julia K / Skovereng, Knut / Sandbakk, Øyvind

    Frontiers in physiology

    2018  Volume 9, Page(s) 895

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00857.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00857.].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2564217-0
    ISSN 1664-042X
    ISSN 1664-042X
    DOI 10.3389/fphys.2018.00895
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Comparison of Peak Oxygen Uptake and Test-Retest Reliability of Physiological Parameters between Closed-End and Incremental Upper-Body Poling Tests.

    Baumgart, Julia K / Skovereng, Knut / Sandbakk, Øyvind

    Frontiers in physiology

    2017  Volume 8, Page(s) 857

    Abstract: Objective: ...

    Abstract Objective:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-10-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564217-0
    ISSN 1664-042X
    ISSN 1664-042X
    DOI 10.3389/fphys.2017.00857
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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