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Article ; Online: Rethinking "recidivism" in firearm injury research and prevention.

Jacoby, Sara F / Smith, Randi N / Beard, Jessica H

2022 Volume 165, Issue Pt A, Page(s) 107221

Abstract: Interpersonal firearm injuries pose a persistent public health threat in the United States (US). Strategic interventions to curb these injuries require evaluation of measurable outcomes that prove effectiveness and substantiate efforts for wider scaling ... ...

Abstract	Interpersonal firearm injuries pose a persistent public health threat in the United States (US). Strategic interventions to curb these injuries require evaluation of measurable outcomes that prove effectiveness and substantiate efforts for wider scaling and implementation. One common outcome of interest used among injury prevention researchers and practitioners is 'recidivism' referring to recurrent injury from acts of violence in a previously firearm injured person. In this commentary we urge that the term which can insinuate racialized criminality and reinforce stigma, no longer be used to describe people who experience firearm injuries. We also advocate for reconsideration of 'recidivism' as an ideal evaluation metric for the success of tertiary firearm injury prevention programs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; Firearms ; Wounds, Gunshot/prevention & control ; Violence/prevention & control ; Public Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184600-0
ISSN	1096-0260 ; 0091-7435
ISSN (online)	1096-0260
ISSN	0091-7435
DOI	10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107221
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Article ; Online: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus-related Disparities in Undergoing Emergency General Surgical Procedures in the United States, 2016-2019.

Himmelstein, Kathryn E W / Afif, Iman N / Beard, Jessica H / Tsai, Alexander C

Annals of surgery

2023 Volume 279, Issue 2, Page(s) 240–245

Abstract: Objective: To determine whether people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV) and people living with hepatitis C virus (PLWHCV) experience inequities in receipt of emergency general surgery (EGS) care.: Background: PLWHIV and PLWHCV face ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine whether people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV) and people living with hepatitis C virus (PLWHCV) experience inequities in receipt of emergency general surgery (EGS) care. Background: PLWHIV and PLWHCV face discrimination in many domains; it is unknown whether this extends to the receipt of EGS care. Methods: Using data from the 2016 to 2019 National Inpatient Sample, we examined 507,458 nonelective admissions of adults with indications for one of the 7 highest-burden EGS procedures (partial colectomy, small-bowel resection, cholecystectomy, operative management of peptic ulcer disease, lysis of peritoneal adhesions, appendectomy, or laparotomy). Using logistic regression, we evaluated the association between HIV/HCV status and the likelihood of undergoing one of these procedures, adjusting for demographic factors, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics. We also stratified analyses for the 7 procedures separately. Results: After adjustment for covariates, PLWHIV had lower odds of undergoing an indicated EGS procedure [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.81; 95% CI: 0.73-0.89], as did PLWHCV (aOR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.63-0.70). PLWHIV had reduced odds of undergoing cholecystectomy (aOR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.58-0.80). PLWHCV had lower odds of undergoing cholecystectomy (aOR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.53-0.62) or appendectomy (aOR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59-0.98). Conclusions: PLWHIV and PLWHCV are less likely than otherwise similar patients to undergo EGS procedures. Further efforts are warranted to ensure equitable access to EGS care for PLWHIV and PLWHCV.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Hepacivirus ; HIV ; Retrospective Studies ; Emergencies ; Colectomy ; Hepatitis C ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; General Surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	340-2
ISSN	1528-1140 ; 0003-4932
ISSN (online)	1528-1140
ISSN	0003-4932
DOI	10.1097/SLA.0000000000005918
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Article: Systematic disparities in reporting on community firearm violence on local television news in Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Beard, Jessica H / Raissian, Raha / Roberts, Leah / Partain, Laura / Midberry, Jennifer / Walker, Tia / Trombley, Shannon / MacMillan, Jim / Morrison, Christopher N

Preventive medicine reports

2024 Volume 42, Page(s) 102739

Abstract: Objective: To better understand how community firearm violence (CFV) is communicated to the public, we aimed to identify systematic differences between the characteristics of shooting victims and events covered on television news and all shootings in ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To better understand how community firearm violence (CFV) is communicated to the public, we aimed to identify systematic differences between the characteristics of shooting victims and events covered on television news and all shootings in Philadelphia, PA, a city with escalating CFV incidence. Methods: We compiled a stratified sample of local television news clips covering shootings that occurred in Philadelphia aired on two randomly selected days per month from January-June 2021 (n = 154 clips). We coded the clips to determine demographic and geographic information about the shooting victims and events and then matched coded shootings with corresponding shootings in the Philadelphia police database. We compared characteristics of shooting victims and shooting event locations depicted in television clips (n = 62) with overall characteristics of shootings in Philadelphia during the study period (n = 1082). Results: Compared to all individuals shot, victims whose shootings were covered on local television news more likely to be children and more likely to be shot in a mass shooting Conclusions: Television news outlets in Philadelphia systematically over-reported shootings of children, mass shootings, and shootings that occurred in neighborhoods with higher median household income, less socioeconomic inequality, and lower rates of racialized economic segregation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	News
ZDB-ID	2785569-7
ISSN	2211-3355
ISSN	2211-3355
DOI	10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102739
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Article ; Online: Public health framing of firearm violence on local television news in Philadelphia, PA, USA: a quantitative content analysis.

Beard, Jessica H / Trombley, Shannon / Walker, Tia / Roberts, Leah / Partain, Laura / MacMillan, Jim / Midberry, Jennifer

BMC public health

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 1221

Abstract: Background: Firearm violence is an intensifying public health problem in the United States. News reports shape the way the public and policy makers understand and respond to health threats, including firearm violence. To better understand how firearm ... ...

Abstract	Background: Firearm violence is an intensifying public health problem in the United States. News reports shape the way the public and policy makers understand and respond to health threats, including firearm violence. To better understand how firearm violence is communicated to the public, we aimed to determine the extent to which firearm violence is framed as a public health problem on television news and to measure harmful news content as identified by firearm-injured people. Methods: This is a quantitative content analysis of Philadelphia local television news stories about firearm violence using a database of 7,497 clips. We compiled a stratified sample of clips aired on two randomly selected days/month from January-June 2021 from the database (n = 192 clips). We created a codebook to measure public health frame elements and to assign a harmful content score for each story and then coded the clips. Characteristics of stories containing episodic frames that focus on single shooting events were compared to clips with thematic frames that include broader social context for violence. Results: Most clips employed episodic frames (79.2%), presented law enforcement officials as primary narrators (50.5%), and included police imagery (79.2%). A total of 433 firearm-injured people were mentioned, with a mean of 2.8 individuals shot included in each story. Most of the firearm-injured people featured in the clips (67.4%) had no personal information presented apart from age and/or gender. The majority of clips (84.4%) contained at least one harmful content element. The mean harmful content score/clip was 2.6. Public health frame elements, including epidemiologic context, root causes, public health narrators and visuals, and solutions were missing from most clips. Thematic stories contained significantly more public health frame elements and less harmful content compared to episodic stories. Conclusions: Local television news produces limited public health coverage of firearm violence, and harmful content is common. This reporting likely compounds trauma experienced by firearm-injured people and could impede support for effective public health responses to firearm violence. Journalists should work to minimize harmful news content and adopt a public health approach to reporting on firearm violence.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Philadelphia ; Television/statistics & numerical data ; Firearms/statistics & numerical data ; Public Health ; Violence/statistics & numerical data ; Violence/prevention & control ; Wounds, Gunshot/prevention & control ; Wounds, Gunshot/epidemiology ; Gun Violence/prevention & control ; Gun Violence/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-024-18718-0
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Article ; Online: Characterizing the global burden of surgical disease: a method to estimate inguinal hernia epidemiology in Ghana: reply.

Beard, Jessica H

World journal of surgery

2013 Volume 38, Issue 4, Page(s) 999–1000

MeSH term(s)	Cost of Illness ; Female ; Global Health/economics ; Hernia, Inguinal/epidemiology ; Hernia, Inguinal/surgery ; Herniorrhaphy/economics ; Humans ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-12-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	224043-9
ISSN	1432-2323 ; 0364-2313
ISSN (online)	1432-2323
ISSN	0364-2313
DOI	10.1007/s00268-013-2343-8
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Article ; Online: Structural Causes of Urban Firearm Violence: A Trauma Surgeon's View From Philadelphia.

Beard, Jessica H / Sims, Carrie A

JAMA surgery

2017 Volume 152, Issue 6, Page(s) 515–516

MeSH term(s)	Firearms/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Incidence ; Philadelphia/epidemiology ; Surgeons/statistics & numerical data ; Urban Population ; Violence/statistics & numerical data ; Wounds, Gunshot/epidemiology ; Wounds, Gunshot/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2701841-6
ISSN	2168-6262 ; 2168-6254
ISSN (online)	2168-6262
ISSN	2168-6254
DOI	10.1001/jamasurg.2016.5752
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Article ; Online: From Measuring Disease Burden to Designing and Evaluating Solutions-Global Surgery Research in Evolution.

Beard, Jessica H / Ajiko, Margaret M / Löfgren, Jenny

JAMA network open

2019 Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) e186840

MeSH term(s)	Child ; Global Health ; Humans ; Operations Research ; Prevalence
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.6840
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Article ; Online: International Consensus and External Validity in Global Surgery Research and Task Shifting-Reply.

Beard, Jessica H / Ohene-Yeboah, Michael / Löfgren, Jenny

JAMA surgery

2019 Volume 155, Issue 2, Page(s) 171–172

MeSH term(s)	Consensus ; Ghana ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Surgeons ; Surgical Mesh
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2701841-6
ISSN	2168-6262 ; 2168-6254
ISSN (online)	2168-6262
ISSN	2168-6254
DOI	10.1001/jamasurg.2019.4088
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Article ; Online: Economic evaluation of expanding inguinal hernia repair among adult males in Ghana.

Thet Lwin, Zin Min / Forsberg, Birger / Keel, George / Beard, Jessica H / Amoako, Joachim / Ohene-Yeboah, Michael / Tabiri, Stephen / Löfgren, Jenny

PLOS global public health

2022 Volume 2, Issue 4, Page(s) e0000270

Abstract: An unmet need for inguinal hernia repair is significant in Ghana where the number of specialist general surgeons is extremely limited. While surgical task sharing with medical doctors without formal specialist training in surgery has been adopted for ... ...

Abstract	An unmet need for inguinal hernia repair is significant in Ghana where the number of specialist general surgeons is extremely limited. While surgical task sharing with medical doctors without formal specialist training in surgery has been adopted for inguinal hernia repair in Ghana, no prior research has been conducted on the long-term costs and health outcomes associated with expanding operations to repair all inguinal hernias among adult males in Ghana. The study aimed to estimate cost-effectiveness of elective open mesh repair performed by medical doctors and surgeons for adult males with primary inguinal hernia compared to no treatment in Ghana and to project costs and health gains associated with expanding operation services through task sharing between medical doctors and surgeons. The study analysis adopted a healthcare system perspective. A Markov model was constructed to assess 10-year differences in costs and outcomes between operations conducted by medical doctors or surgeons and no treatment. A 10-year budget impact analysis on service expansion for groin hernia repair through increasing task sharing between the providers was conducted. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for medical doctors and surgeons were USD 120 and USD 129 respectively per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted compared to no treatment, which are below the estimated threshold value for cost-effectiveness in Ghana of USD 371-491. Repairing all inguinal hernias (1.4 million) through task sharing between the providers in the same timeframe is estimated to cost USD 194 million. Total health gains of 1.5 million DALYs averted are expected. Inguinal hernia repair is cost-effective regardless of the type of surgical provider. Scaling up of inguinal hernia repair is worthwhile, with the potential to substantially reduce the disease burden in the country.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-3375
ISSN (online)	2767-3375
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgph.0000270
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Article ; Online: Talk and Die: A Descriptive Analysis of Penetrating Trauma Patients.

Dauer, Elizabeth / Beard, Jessica H / Maher, Zoë / Sjoholm, Lars / Santora, Thomas / Pathak, Abhijit / Anderson, Jeffrey / Goldberg, Amy

The Journal of surgical research

2022 Volume 278, Page(s) 1–6

Abstract: Introduction: "Talk and die" traditionally described occult presentations of fatal intracranial injuries, but we broaden its definition to victims of penetrating trauma.: Methods: We conducted a descriptive analysis of patients with penetrating torso ...

Abstract	Introduction: "Talk and die" traditionally described occult presentations of fatal intracranial injuries, but we broaden its definition to victims of penetrating trauma. Methods: We conducted a descriptive analysis of patients with penetrating torso trauma who presented with a Glasgow Coma Scale verbal score ≥3 and died within 48 h of arrival from 2008 to 2018. Results: Sixty patients were identified. Eighteen (30.0%) required resuscitative thoracotomy with 7 (11.7%) dying in the trauma bay. Fifty-three (86.9%) patients went to the operating room, and 35 (66.0%) required multicavitary exploration. The most common injuries were hollow viscous (58.5%), intra-abdominal vascular (49.0%), liver (28.3%), pulmonary (26.4%), intrathoracic vascular (18.9%), and cardiac (15.75) injuries. Twenty-three (43.4%) patients survived their initial operation, but died in the first 48 h postoperatively. Conclusions: Patients who "talk and die" most frequently have intra-abdominal vascular injures and require multicavitary exploration.
MeSH term(s)	Glasgow Coma Scale ; Humans ; Resuscitation ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracotomy ; Wounds, Penetrating/complications ; Wounds, Penetrating/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80170-7
ISSN	1095-8673 ; 0022-4804
ISSN (online)	1095-8673
ISSN	0022-4804
DOI	10.1016/j.jss.2022.04.037
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