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Article ; Online: Intensywność postawy religijnej chrześcijan w Polsce a osobowość i wykształcenie.

Agata Kopaniecka / Beata Karakiewicz

Journal of Education, Health and Sport, Vol 12, Iss

2022 Volume 5

Abstract: Wprowadzenie: Chrześcijaństwo tak jak każda religia pełni rolę niesienia pomocy duchowej i określa zasady, które uważane są za moralne lub niemoralne. Ze względu na osobowościowe różnice indywidualne, każdego cechuje inny sposób radzenia sobie z lękiem ... ...

Abstract	Wprowadzenie: Chrześcijaństwo tak jak każda religia pełni rolę niesienia pomocy duchowej i określa zasady, które uważane są za moralne lub niemoralne. Ze względu na osobowościowe różnice indywidualne, każdego cechuje inny sposób radzenia sobie z lękiem przed konsekwencjami grzechu. Czy są osoby wyznające chrześcijaństwo, które reagują postawą neurotyczną oraz występuje u nich nerwica eklezjogenna, czyli zaburzenia spowodowane przez dogmatyzm Kościoła, są rzeczywiście powszechnie występujące? Zwrócono uwagę na poziom wykształcenia w stosunku do nasilenia intensywności postawy religijnej. To badanie ma na celu przybliżyć temat neurotyczności, ugodowości oraz wykształcenia w odniesieniu do intensywności postawy religijnej. Ponadto wyniki badania zostaną omówione w dyskusji. Cel pracy: Określenie związku pomiędzy intensywnością postawy religijnej a osobowością i wykształceniem chrześcijan w Polsce Materiały i metody: Grupę badaną stanowiły 132 osoby powyżej 15 roku życia, wyznające chrześcijaństwo w Polsce, w tym 108 kobiet i 24 mężczyzn. Średnia wieku osób biorących udział w badaniu to 25 lat. Najmłodszy respondent miał 16 lat, a najstarszy 60. Badanie wykonano przy użyciu ankiety demograficznej oraz standaryzowanych narzędzi badawczych: skali Intensywności Postawy Religijnej (SIPR) oraz NEO-FFi Costy i McCrae. Wyniki: W badanej grupie wyznającej chrześcijaństwo wysokie nasilenie intensywności postawy religijnej nie wpływa istotnie statystycznie na nasilenie neurotyczności oraz ugodowości. Ponadto wysokie wykształcenie nie ma związku z niskim nasileniem intensywności postawy religijnej.
Keywords	Education ; L ; Sports ; GV557-1198.995 ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Kazimierz Wielki University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Involvement in Domestic Violence and the Severity of Legal, Moral and Social Consequences for the Perpetrators in the Perceptions of Students in Poland and Belarus

Marta Giezek / Andrei Shpakou / Paulina Zabielska / Beata Karakiewicz

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 20, Iss 4947, p

2023 Volume 4947

Abstract: Domestic violence is sequential, developmental and dynamic. The aim of this study was to examine whether, in the perceptions of students in Poland and Belarus, there is a relationship between involvement in violence and the legal and social consequences ... ...

Abstract	Domestic violence is sequential, developmental and dynamic. The aim of this study was to examine whether, in the perceptions of students in Poland and Belarus, there is a relationship between involvement in violence and the legal and social consequences for the perpetrators. A total of 482 university students took part in the study, including 251 students from Poland and 231 students from Belarus. Statistically, Polish respondents were more frequently involved in domestic violence as witnesses and victims, which was confirmed by χ 2 test. Based on the 95% confidence interval (CI), it can be concluded that the largest number of respondents from both countries surveyed who have been involved in violence as witnesses (85.2–94.8) indicated that an adequate punishment for perpetrators of violence is imprisonment. Students who have never been involved in domestic violence indicated social consequences as appropriate punishment for the use of violence more often than those who have been involved in violence as witnesses, victims or perpetrators. Witnesses and victims were not found to be in favour of more severe punishment or more serious moral and social consequences than perpetrators. The largest number of respondents indicated that the appropriate consequence of using violence should be imprisonment, followed by a restraining order and eviction from the place of residence.
Keywords	violence ; perpetrator of violence ; victim of violence ; Europe ; students ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	390
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Problematic Internet Use among Polish Students

Marta Kożybka / Iwona Radlińska / Marcin Kolwitz / Beata Karakiewicz

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 20, Iss 2434, p

Prevalence, Relationship to Sociodemographic Data and Internet Usage Patterns

2023 Volume 2434

Abstract: Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is a broad term that covers problems with Internet use that result in psychological, social, academic or professional difficulties. The aim of our study was to identify individuals particularly vulnerable to developing PIU ... ...

Abstract	Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is a broad term that covers problems with Internet use that result in psychological, social, academic or professional difficulties. The aim of our study was to identify individuals particularly vulnerable to developing PIU among Polish students, taking into account sociodemographic characteristics and Internet use patterns. A total of 1008 students of Polish universities took part in the survey. The research tool was The Problematic Internet Use Test—the Polish version of the Internet Addiction Test. Among the respondents, 10.2% showed signs of PIU—high or very high risk of addiction. Significantly higher levels of PIU were found in males than females, science students than medical and humanities students, and Internet users using a computer, as opposed to students using only a phone/tablet. A decrease in PIU was observed as students improved their assessment of their material situation. The severity of PIU increased significantly as the importance of Internet use for entertainment increased. Our research indicates that it is worth implementing measures to prevent the development of PIU in Poland, e.g., screening educational campaigns, especially for science students. It is also necessary to offer students at lower levels of education, especially the less affluent, forms of leisure time other than computer activity with the use of the Internet.
Keywords	Problematic Internet Use ; Internet addiction ; Internet usage pattern ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	303
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Problematic Internet use and attitudes towards persons with disabilities – cross-sectional research among Polish students

Marta Kożybska / Iwona Radlińska / Arkadiusz Prajzner / Łukasz Krzywoszański / Beata Karakiewicz

BMC Medical Education, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 17

Abstract: Abstract Background Problematic Internet use (PIU) can have detrimental effects on physical, emotional, psychological, and social functioning. Besides well-described PIU correlations in psychological domains such as personality traits, or life ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Problematic Internet use (PIU) can have detrimental effects on physical, emotional, psychological, and social functioning. Besides well-described PIU correlations in psychological domains such as personality traits, or life satisfaction, and self-assessment, the social aspect of PIU risk also appeared to be important. This study aimed to investigate the association between PIU and attitudes towards persons with disabilities. Methods A total of 595 Polish students aged 18–29 participated in this research by completing the Internet Addiction Test, Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Towards Persons With Disabilities, and personal information form. Results The findings revealed that 30.6% of the respondents were at high risk for PIU. Moreover, heightened levels of PIU were more prevalent among male participants and students in technical fields of study than in those in medical and social fields of study. Increased PIU was also associated with more negative attitudes towards persons with disabilities in general and in the domains of emotions and behaviours. Additionally, prior personal contact with individuals with disabilities was related to both PIU rates and attitudes towards persons with disabilities in the domain of emotions and beliefs. Conclusions This study highlights the prevalence of PIU among Polish students and emphasizes the need for preventive measures, particularly targeting male students and those in technical fields of study. The results indicate a relationship between PIU and attitudes towards individuals with disabilities. Further research is required to determine the direction of the relationship. It is recommended that educational programs provide opportunities for interaction with individuals with disabilities to promote understanding and acceptance.
Keywords	Internet addiction ; Problematic Internet use ; Disability ; Attitudes ; Students ; Poland ; Special aspects of education ; LC8-6691 ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: First aid knowledge among adults

Karolina Słowik / Marta Kożybska / Beata Karakiewicz

Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu, Vol 27, Iss 1, Pp 77-

2021 Volume 81

Abstract: Objectives The provision of first aid is a moral obligation. It is also a legal obligation in the event of immediate danger of loss of life or serious damage to health, without threat to oneself or another person. This obligation is possible to fulfil ... ...

Abstract	Objectives The provision of first aid is a moral obligation. It is also a legal obligation in the event of immediate danger of loss of life or serious damage to health, without threat to oneself or another person. This obligation is possible to fulfil provided that the principles of first aid are known. The main aim of the study was evaluation of knowledge concerning the provision of pre-medical first aid among adults. Material and methods The study involved 448 participants, including 414 females (92.41%) and 34 males (7.59%). The respondents’ mean age was 35.71 (SD = 11.35). The research method was a diagnostic survey carried out using one of the social networking sites. The research tool was an author-constructed questionnaire containing items concerning socio-demographic characteristics, and assessing knowledge of first aid. Results Almost a half of respondents (46.21%) had a good level of knowledge of first aid. This level was significantly higher statistically among medical professionals, compared to those pursuing a different or no profession (p<0.05). Unmarried persons had a significantly higher level of first aid knowledge than those in a relationship (p<0.05); childless respondents had a significantly higher level of first aid knowledge than those with one or two children of school age (p<0.05); persons who completed first aid training had a significantly higher level of first aid knowledge than those who did not complete such training (p<0.05). Conclusions The results of the study obtained showed that the examined adults have a good level of knowledge concerning first aid. The level of knowledge about first aid depends on marital status, progeny and the occupation performed.
Keywords	education ; first aid ; adult ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	320
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Institute of Rural Health
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Attitudes of Polish Medical and Health Sciences Students towards Persons with Physical Disabilities Using the MAS-PL Scale

Iwona Radlińska / Marta Kożybska / Beata Karakiewicz

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 7787, p

2021 Volume 7787

Abstract: Discovering the role of negative attitudes in the social functioning of people with disabilities, tools were developed to measure these attitudes, of which the Multidimensional Attitude Scale of People with Disabilities (MAS) is a good one. It is ... ...

Abstract	Discovering the role of negative attitudes in the social functioning of people with disabilities, tools were developed to measure these attitudes, of which the Multidimensional Attitude Scale of People with Disabilities (MAS) is a good one. It is particularly important to study the attitudes of people who are professionally involved in meeting the needs of people with disabilities. The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes towards people with physical disabilities among medical and health sciences students regarding gender, year of study, field of study, and place of residence. The study was conducted among 625 students in Poland with the use of the MAS-PL scale. The results obtained indicate that women display more positive attitudes towards people with disabilities than men in the cognition and behavioural domains. In the emotional domain, these attitudes were more negative than in the other domains and almost identical for both genders. The year of study, field of study, and place of residence did not differentiate students in terms of their MAS score. Since the sociodemographic variables studied do not determine a positive attitude, educational interventions to increase contact with people with disabilities should be undertaken in future research, and this factor should be investigated as an element of attitude modulation.
Keywords	disability ; medical students ; multidimensional attitudes scale towards persons with disabilities ; MAS scale ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Subjective Feelings of Polish Doctors after Receiving the COVID-19 Vaccine

Krzysztof Zdziarski / Marek Landowski / Paulina Zabielska / Beata Karakiewicz

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 6291, p

2021 Volume 6291

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused enormous confusion around the world in our daily existence. The security measures taken, such as physical distance, wearing a mask, quarantine or closing shopping malls, and even isolating large groups of the population, ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has caused enormous confusion around the world in our daily existence. The security measures taken, such as physical distance, wearing a mask, quarantine or closing shopping malls, and even isolating large groups of the population, did not contribute to the complete overcoming of the problem. Information on the positive results of research into the COVID-19 vaccine and, finally, its administration offered hope that the pandemic would be overcome. The undertaken problem of research concerning the subjective analysis of the feelings of doctors in Poland after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine shows an important area of the medical world, which is directly responsible for their own health and the patients entrusted to them. In addition, 149 people participated in the study (8–13 February 2021), including 57% of women and 43% of men. The minimum and maximum age of the respondents are 26 and 69 years old. Furthermore, 85% of respondents took two doses of the vaccine and 15% took one. The authorial questionnaire was completed by the participants in the study online in February 2021. The results obtained indicate that the COVID-19 vaccine generates hope for stopping the pandemic. In addition, 96% of research participants think so. Doctors in middle and mature age are the most optimistic, while the youngest ones are less optimistic. In addition, 57% of respondents do not worry about side effects after taking the vaccine. Fear at the time of vaccination was experienced by over 9% of doctors. The most frequently reported post-vaccination reactions are injection site pain, fatigue and headache. Increased temperature occurred in older female respondents. From a psychosocial perspective, men are more likely to fear being infected personally with the virus, and women are more likely to be infected with their loved ones. The presented subjective assessment presents the physicians’ view captured at the moment in terms of existential and emotional. The presented feelings of the research participants reflect their personal satisfaction, responsibility for their own health, care for their relatives and patients.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; vaccine ; doctor ; subjective feelings ; psychosocial condition ; attitude ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Costs of provision for in-home care services for dependent persons in selected Polish cities 2015–2017 – challenges for local governments

Marta Giezek / Paulina Zabielska / Beata Karakiewicz

Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu, Vol 26, Iss 2, Pp 164-

2020 Volume 168

Abstract: Introduction and objective The provision of safety and professional care for dependent persons, including the elderly and the disabled at home, is one of the biggest challenges for health policy and social assistance. The aim of the study is to analyse ... ...

Abstract	Introduction and objective The provision of safety and professional care for dependent persons, including the elderly and the disabled at home, is one of the biggest challenges for health policy and social assistance. The aim of the study is to analyse the costs of care services in Poland in 2015–2017, and to identify future needs. Material and methods In the research process, material from 12 out of 27 randomly-selected Polish cities with over 120,000 inhabitants was analysed in terms of the form of care services provided, i.e. care services, specialist care services as municipalities’ own tasks, and financed from the municipal budget, and specialist care services for persons with mental disorders – commissioned tasks financed from the State budget. Results UOs (also called housekeeping services), are the most frequently granted form of assistance, and are most often used by persons over 80 years of age. SUOP are mainly provided to young people. In the majority of the cities in the study, the cost of care services increased every year, with the largest increase recorded in 2017. Conclusions It was concluded that care services are the fundamental and least costly form of care for elderly persons at home. Despite this, growing demand in this area necessitates increased annual budgets of Polish municipalities for this purpose. The lack of nationwide standards for the provision of care services prevents specification of a detailed array of activities to be performed by carers for the environment of elderly persons. Although an increased minimum salary has a significant impact on the costs of services, their hourly settlement hinders assessment of their quality. The greater the involvement of informal carers, the lower the costs for local governments.
Keywords	care services ; social assistance ; dependent persons ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Institute of Rural Health
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: There Are Predictors of Eating Disorders among Internet Use Characteristics—A Cross-Sectional Study on the Relationship between Problematic Internet Use and Eating Disorders

Marta Kożybska / Iwona Radlińska / Aleksandra Czerw / Grażyna Dykowska / Beata Karakiewicz

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 10269, p

2021 Volume 10269

Abstract: The aims of this cross-sectional study were: (i) to establish the prevalence of problematic Internet use (PIU) and eating disorders (EDs) among Polish students; (ii) to investigate potential correlations between the two phenomena; and (iii) to identify ... ...

Abstract	The aims of this cross-sectional study were: (i) to establish the prevalence of problematic Internet use (PIU) and eating disorders (EDs) among Polish students; (ii) to investigate potential correlations between the two phenomena; and (iii) to identify predictors of eating disorders among socio-demographic and Internet use characteristics in this population. To this end, a total of 1008 Polish students aged 18–40, completed the Problematic Internet Use Test (TPIU22), the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and a self-designed Socio-demographic and Internet Use Survey. Men received more PIU scores ( p < 0.001), while women received more EAT-26 scores ( p < 0.05) with a significant correlation observed between those variables (rho = 0.212; p < 0.001). The strongest predictors of EDs were as follows: preoccupation with the Internet, neglect of sleep in favor of Internet use, alleviation of negative feelings while online, higher mean number of hours spent online on weekends for academic and work-related purposes, extracurricular activity, lower height and higher BMI. An association has been demonstrated between problematic internet use and eating disorders. Somewhat surprisingly, our results suggest that people at risk of EDs use the Internet primarily to fulfill their routine duties. Nevertheless, further research is needed to establish the causality of EDs and PIU.
Keywords	Internet addiction ; problematic Internet use ; eating disorders ; students ; Poland ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	303
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Does functional assessment of individuals aged 80-plus give rise to scientific discussion – considerations based on literature review

Mariola Głowacka / Paulina Zabielska / Beata Haor / Beata Karakiewicz

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, Vol 26, Iss 2, Pp 375-

2019 Volume 378

Abstract: Introduction and objective For many years, Europe has been struggling with the problem of an aging society. It is obvious that everyone would like to live longer while retaining good psycho-physical health and social activity. This, however, is ... ...

Abstract	Introduction and objective For many years, Europe has been struggling with the problem of an aging society. It is obvious that everyone would like to live longer while retaining good psycho-physical health and social activity. This, however, is influenced by many factors, such as health, which may be a form of limitation in everyday life or in performing social roles in accordance with the norms. Objective The aim of the study was to analyze the use of scales for functional assessment of basic and complex daily living activities in individuals aged 80+ in various EU countries. Materials and method Potentially essential articles were obtained through review and analysis of the PUBMED (MEDLINE) database by entering the following keywords: functional activities of daily living, ADL, IADL, complex activities of daily living, basic activities of daily living. Article selection was based on the following inclusion criteria set by the authors and the appointed Advisory Board. Results Assessment of independence and fitness of elderly persons in the area of basic and complex activities of daily living provides information on the quality of life of senior individuals. Analysis of research data used for comparing functional independence of senior persons on the basis of ADL and IADL scales is difficult due to the discrepancies, which may be confusing for researchers studying this area. Conclusions The use of different methodologies for assessing functional fitness of elderly individuals makes it difficult to interpret, compare and practically apply the outcomes. Standardization of research methods used for assessment of basic and complex daily living activities in 80+ persons would enable comparing the obtained data in an interdisciplinary perspective.
Keywords	Elderly ; IADL ; ADL ; scale analysis ; Agriculture ; S ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Institute of Rural Health
Document type	Article ; Online
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