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Article ; Online: Multiple sclerosis in 2021: progress against progression.

Beck, Erin S / Reich, Daniel S

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 12–13

MeSH term(s)	Disease Progression ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/therapy ; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2081241-3
ISSN	1474-4465 ; 1474-4422
ISSN (online)	1474-4465
ISSN	1474-4422
DOI	10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00417-8
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Zs.A 5955: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of JC virus-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Beck, Erin S / Cortese, Irene

Current opinion in virology

2020 Volume 40, Page(s) 19–27

Abstract: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a frequently fatal brain infection caused by the JC polyomavirus (JCV). PML occurs in people with impaired cellular immunity, and the only effective treatment is restoration of immune function. ... ...

Abstract	Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a frequently fatal brain infection caused by the JC polyomavirus (JCV). PML occurs in people with impaired cellular immunity, and the only effective treatment is restoration of immune function. Infection in immunocompromised hosts is often associated with immune exhaustion, which is mediated by inhibitory cell surface receptors known as immune checkpoints, leading to loss of T cell effector function. Blockade of immune checkpoints can reinvigorate host responses to fight infection. Recently, there have been several reports of checkpoint blockade to treat PML in patients in whom immune reconstitution is otherwise not possible, with some evidence for positive response. Larger studies are needed to better understand efficacy of checkpoint blockade in PML and factors that determine response.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Immune Checkpoint Proteins/genetics ; Immune Checkpoint Proteins/immunology ; JC Virus/drug effects ; JC Virus/genetics ; JC Virus/immunology ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/drug therapy ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/genetics ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/immunology ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/virology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Immune Checkpoint Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	2611378-8
ISSN	1879-6265 ; 1879-6257
ISSN (online)	1879-6265
ISSN	1879-6257
DOI	10.1016/j.coviro.2020.02.005
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Article ; Online: Unconstrained quantitative magnetization transfer imaging: disentangling

Assländer, Jakob / Mao, Andrew / Marchetto, Elisa / Beck, Erin S / La Rosa, Francesco / Charlson, Robert W / Shepherd, Timothy M / Flassbeck, Sebastian

ArXiv

2024

Abstract: Since the inception of magnetization transfer (MT) imaging, it has been widely assumed that Henkelman's two spin pools have similar longitudinal relaxation times, which motivated many researchers to constrain them to each other. However, several recent ... ...

Abstract	Since the inception of magnetization transfer (MT) imaging, it has been widely assumed that Henkelman's two spin pools have similar longitudinal relaxation times, which motivated many researchers to constrain them to each other. However, several recent publications reported a
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
ISSN	2331-8422
ISSN (online)	2331-8422
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Article ; Online: Brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: How deep must we go?

Beck, Erin S / Reich, Daniel S

Annals of neurology

2018 Volume 83, Issue 2, Page(s) 208–209

MeSH term(s)	Atrophy/pathology ; Brain/pathology ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80362-5
ISSN	1531-8249 ; 0364-5134
ISSN (online)	1531-8249
ISSN	0364-5134
DOI	10.1002/ana.25148
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Zs.A 1370: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: New Prospects for Ultra-High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis.

Ineichen, Benjamin V / Beck, Erin S / Piccirelli, Marco / Reich, Daniel S

Investigative radiology

2021 Volume 56, Issue 11, Page(s) 773–784

Abstract: Abstract: There is growing interest in imaging multiple sclerosis (MS) through the ultra-high-field (UHF) lens, which currently means a static magnetic field strength of 7 T or higher. Because of higher signal-to-noise ratio and enhanced susceptibility ... ...

Abstract	Abstract: There is growing interest in imaging multiple sclerosis (MS) through the ultra-high-field (UHF) lens, which currently means a static magnetic field strength of 7 T or higher. Because of higher signal-to-noise ratio and enhanced susceptibility effects, UHF magnetic resonance imaging improves conspicuity of MS pathological hallmarks, among them cortical demyelination and the central vein sign. This could, in turn, improve confidence in MS diagnosis and might also facilitate therapeutic monitoring of MS patients. Furthermore, UHF imaging offers unique insight into iron-related pathology, leptomeningeal inflammation, and spinal cord pathologies in neuroinflammation. Yet, limitations such as the longer scanning times to achieve improved resolution and incipient safety data on implanted medical devices need to be considered. In this review, we discuss applications of UHF imaging in MS, its advantages and limitations, and practical aspects of UHF in the clinical setting.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	80345-5
ISSN	1536-0210 ; 0020-9996
ISSN (online)	1536-0210
ISSN	0020-9996
DOI	10.1097/RLI.0000000000000804
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Zs.A 734: Show issues

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Article ; Online: From pathology to MRI and back: Clinically relevant biomarkers of multiple sclerosis lesions.

Kolb, Hadar / Al-Louzi, Omar / Beck, Erin S / Sati, Pascal / Absinta, Martina / Reich, Daniel S

NeuroImage. Clinical

2022 Volume 36, Page(s) 103194

Abstract: Focal lesions in both white and gray matter are characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS). Histopathological studies have helped define the main underlying pathological processes involved in lesion formation and evolution, serving as a gold standard for ... ...

Abstract	Focal lesions in both white and gray matter are characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS). Histopathological studies have helped define the main underlying pathological processes involved in lesion formation and evolution, serving as a gold standard for many years. However, histopathology suffers from an intrinsic bias resulting from over-reliance on tissue samples from late stages of the disease or atypical cases and is inadequate for routine patient assessment. Pathological-radiological correlative studies have established advanced MRI's sensitivity to several relevant MS-pathological substrates and its practicality for assessing dynamic changes and following lesions over time. This review focuses on novel imaging techniques that serve as biomarkers of critical pathological substrates of MS lesions: the central vein, chronic inflammation, remyelination and repair, and cortical lesions. For each pathological process, we address the correlative value of MRI to MS pathology, its contribution in elucidating MS pathology in vivo, and the clinical utility of the imaging biomarker.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2701571-3
ISSN	2213-1582 ; 2213-1582
ISSN (online)	2213-1582
ISSN	2213-1582
DOI	10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103194
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Article ; Online: Pattern of thalamic nuclei atrophy in early relapse-onset multiple sclerosis.

Levy, Sarah / Sandry, Joshua / Beck, Erin S / Brandstadter, Rachel / Katz Sand, Ilana / Sumowski, James F

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders

2022 Volume 67, Page(s) 104083

Abstract: Background: Thalamic atrophy is prominent in multiple sclerosis; however, it is unclear which thalamic nuclei are most vulnerable, especially early in disease.: Introduction: To investigate which thalamic nuclei differ between patients in early ... ...

Abstract	Background: Thalamic atrophy is prominent in multiple sclerosis; however, it is unclear which thalamic nuclei are most vulnerable, especially early in disease. Introduction: To investigate which thalamic nuclei differ between patients in early stages of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) versus healthy controls and examine the relationship between thalamic nuclei volume and T2 lesion volume. Methods: We derived 15 thalamic subfields from high-resolution 3T magnetic resonance images in 182 patients with early RRMS (diagnosed ≤5.0 years, median 2.0 years). Independent t-tests assessed differences between patients and 35 controls across thalamic subfield volumes. Pearson correlations assessed the relationships between thalamic volumes and T2 lesion volumes. Results: Patients had lower anterior and posterior nuclei volume than controls, whereas medial and ventral nuclei volumes were preserved. Higher T2 lesion volumes were disproportionately related to lower posterior subfield volumes. Conclusions: We found specific thalamic subfields were more vulnerable to early disease-related changes. We discuss potential mechanisms of differential thalamic subfield atrophy in early MS, including cortical demyelination, CSF toxicity, leptomeningeal inflammation, and iron deposition.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis/pathology ; Atrophy/pathology ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/diagnostic imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/pathology ; Thalamic Nuclei/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Chronic Disease ; Recurrence
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2645330-7
ISSN	2211-0356 ; 2211-0348
ISSN (online)	2211-0356
ISSN	2211-0348
DOI	10.1016/j.msard.2022.104083
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Article: The etiology and evolution of magnetic resonance imaging-visible perivascular spaces: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Okar, Serhat V / Hu, Fengling / Shinohara, Russell T / Beck, Erin S / Reich, Daniel S / Ineichen, Benjamin V

Frontiers in neuroscience

2023 Volume 17, Page(s) 1038011

Abstract: Objectives: Perivascular spaces have been involved in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Upon a certain size, these spaces can become visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), referred to as enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) or MRI- ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Perivascular spaces have been involved in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Upon a certain size, these spaces can become visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), referred to as enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) or MRI-visible perivascular spaces (MVPVS). However, the lack of systematic evidence on etiology and temporal dynamics of MVPVS hampers their diagnostic utility as MRI biomarker. Thus, the goal of this systematic review was to summarize potential etiologies and evolution of MVPVS. Methods: In a comprehensive literature search, out of 1,488 unique publications, 140 records assessing etiopathogenesis and dynamics of MVPVS were eligible for a qualitative summary. 6 records were included in a meta-analysis to assess the association between MVPVS and brain atrophy. Results: Four overarching and partly overlapping etiologies of MVPVS have been proposed: (1) Impairment of interstitial fluid circulation, (2) Spiral elongation of arteries, (3) Brain atrophy and/or perivascular myelin loss, and (4) Immune cell accumulation in the perivascular space. The meta-analysis in patients with neuroinflammatory diseases did not support an association between MVPVS and brain volume measures [R: -0.15 (95%-CI -0.40-0.11)]. Based on few and mostly small studies in tumefactive MVPVS and in vascular and neuroinflammatory diseases, temporal evolution of MVPVS is slow. Conclusion: Collectively, this study provides high-grade evidence for MVPVS etiopathogenesis and temporal dynamics. Although several potential etiologies for MVPVS emergence have been proposed, they are only partially supported by data. Advanced MRI methods should be employed to further dissect etiopathogenesis and evolution of MVPVS. This can benefit their implementation as an imaging biomarker. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=346564, identifier CRD42022346564.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2411902-7
ISSN	1662-453X ; 1662-4548
ISSN (online)	1662-453X
ISSN	1662-4548
DOI	10.3389/fnins.2023.1038011
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Article ; Online: Pseudo-Label Assisted nnU-Net enables automatic segmentation of 7T MRI from a single acquisition.

Donnay, Corinne / Dieckhaus, Henry / Tsagkas, Charidimos / Gaitán, María Inés / Beck, Erin S / Mullins, Andrew / Reich, Daniel S / Nair, Govind

Frontiers in neuroimaging

2023 Volume 2, Page(s) 1252261

Abstract: Introduction: Automatic whole brain and lesion segmentation at 7T presents challenges, primarily from bias fields, susceptibility artifacts including distortions, and registration errors. Here, we sought to use deep learning algorithms (D/L) to do both ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Automatic whole brain and lesion segmentation at 7T presents challenges, primarily from bias fields, susceptibility artifacts including distortions, and registration errors. Here, we sought to use deep learning algorithms (D/L) to do both skull stripping and whole brain segmentation on multiple imaging contrasts generated in a single Magnetization Prepared 2 Rapid Acquisition Gradient Echoes (MP2RAGE) acquisition on participants clinically diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), bypassing registration errors. Methods: Brain scans Segmentation from 3T and 7T scanners were analyzed with software packages such as FreeSurfer, Classification using Derivative-based Features (C-DEF), nnU-net, and a novel 3T-to-7T transfer learning method, Pseudo-Label Assisted nnU-Net (PLAn). 3T and 7T MRIs acquired within 9 months from 25 study participants with MS (Cohort 1) were used for training and optimizing. Eight MS patients (Cohort 2) scanned only at 7T, but with expert annotated lesion segmentation, was used to further validate the algorithm on a completely unseen dataset. Segmentation results were rated visually by experts in a blinded fashion and quantitatively using Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC). Results: Of the methods explored here, nnU-Net and PLAn produced the best tissue segmentation at 7T for all tissue classes. In both quantitative and qualitative analysis, PLAn significantly outperformed nnU-Net (and other methods) in lesion detection in both cohorts. PLAn's lesion DSC improved by 16% compared to nnU-Net. Discussion: Limited availability of labeled data makes transfer learning an attractive option, and pre-training a nnUNet model using readily obtained 3T pseudo-labels was shown to boost lesion detection capabilities at 7T.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3123824-5
ISSN	2813-1193 ; 2813-1193
ISSN (online)	2813-1193
ISSN	2813-1193
DOI	10.3389/fnimg.2023.1252261
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Article ; Online: Pediatric Inflammatory and Autoimmune Neurologic Disorders at a Tertiary Medical Center.

Curcio, Angela M / Bain, Jennifer M / Beck, Erin S / Vargas, Wendy S

Journal of child neurology

2020 Volume 35, Issue 14, Page(s) 949–952

Abstract: Objectives: To describe the spectrum of pediatric inflammatory neurologic diseases and compare the sensitivity of ancillary testing for these diagnoses.: Methods: We analyzed clinical features and outcomes of 98 children with an immune-mediated ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To describe the spectrum of pediatric inflammatory neurologic diseases and compare the sensitivity of ancillary testing for these diagnoses. Methods: We analyzed clinical features and outcomes of 98 children with an immune-mediated central nervous system disorder. We compared sensitivities of each diagnostic modality. Results: We identified the following diagnoses: acute cerebellar ataxia (n = 14; 14.3%), acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (n = 13; 13.3%), multiple sclerosis (MS) (n = 18; 18.4%), anti- Conclusions: We found that MRI is useful for detecting multiple sclerosis and acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, cerebrospinal fluid is helpful in diagnosing multiple sclerosis and anti-NMDAR encephalitis, and EEG is often abnormal in suspected anti-NMDAR encephalitis, acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, and encephalitis not otherwise specified. Neurologic outcome at follow-up was unfavorable in patients with multiple sclerosis and anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System/diagnosis ; Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System/diagnostic imaging ; Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System/physiopathology ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tertiary Care Centers
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	639288-x
ISSN	1708-8283 ; 0883-0738
ISSN (online)	1708-8283
ISSN	0883-0738
DOI	10.1177/0883073820941751
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