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Article ; Online: Distributed Acoustic Sensing of Strain at Earth Tide Frequencies.

Becker, Matthew W / Coleman, Thomas I

2019 Volume 19, Issue 9

Abstract: The solid Earth strains in response to the gravitational pull from the Moon, Sun, and other planetary bodies. Measuring the flexure of geologic material in response to these Earth tides provides information about the geomechanical properties of rock and ... ...

Abstract	The solid Earth strains in response to the gravitational pull from the Moon, Sun, and other planetary bodies. Measuring the flexure of geologic material in response to these Earth tides provides information about the geomechanical properties of rock and sediment. Such measurements are particularly useful for understanding dilation of faults and fractures in competent rock. A new approach to measuring earth tides using fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is presented here. DAS was originally designed to record acoustic vibration through the measurement of dynamic strain on a fiber optic cable. Here, laboratory experiments demonstrate that oscillating strain can be measured with DAS in the microHertz frequency range, corresponding to half-day (M
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s19091975
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Evidence of freshened groundwater below a tropical fringing reef

Hagedorn, Benjamin / Becker, Matthew W / Silbiger, Nyssa J

Hydrogeology journal. 2020 Nov., v. 28, no. 7

2020

Abstract: Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is widely acknowledged as a key driver of environmental change in tropical island coral reefs. Previous work has addressed SGD and groundwater-reef interactions at isolated submarine springs; however, there are still ...

Title translation	Mise en évidence d’eaux souterraines peu salées sous un récif frangeant tropical Evidencias de agua subterránea dulce por debajo de un arrecife tropical 热带边缘礁下的地下淡水证据 Evidência de águas subterrâneas dulcificadas abaixo de um recife tropical em franja
Abstract	Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is widely acknowledged as a key driver of environmental change in tropical island coral reefs. Previous work has addressed SGD and groundwater-reef interactions at isolated submarine springs; however, there are still many outstanding questions about the mechanisms and distribution of groundwater discharge to reefs. To understand how groundwater migrates to reefs, a series of offshore ²²²Rn (radon) and submarine electrical resistivity (ER) surveys were performed on the tropical volcanic island of Mo’orea, French Polynesia. These surveys suggest that fresher water underlies the fringing reef, apparently confined by a <1-m-thick low-permeability layer referred to as a reef flat plate. Reef flat plates have been documented elsewhere in tropical reefs as thin, laterally continuous limestone units that form through the super-saturation of calcium carbonate in the overlying marine waters. In other tropical reefs, the reef flat plate is underlain by a highly permeable karstic limestone formation, but the submarine reef geology on Mo’orea is still uncertain. Numerical modeling of two-dimensional reef transects and SGD quantifications, based on water budget and radon/salinity mass balance, support the confining nature of the reef flat plates and indicate important implications for SGD impacts to tropical reefs. Except where incised by streams or local springs, reef flat plates may route SGD to lagoons or to the reef crest 100s of meters offshore. Because groundwater can transport pollutants, nutrients, and low pH waters, the reef flat plate may play an important role in the spatial patterns of reef ecology and coastal acidification.
Keywords	acidification ; aquifers ; calcium carbonate ; corals ; electrical resistance ; groundwater ; limestone ; pH ; radon ; salinity ; volcanic islands ; water budget ; French Polynesia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-11
Size	p. 2501-2517.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	1227482-3
ISSN	0941-2816 ; 1431-2174
ISSN	0941-2816 ; 1431-2174
DOI	10.1007/s10040-020-02191-1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Immune engineered extracellular vesicles to modulate T cell activation in the context of type 1 diabetes.

Becker, Matthew W / Peters, Leeana D / Myint, Thinzar / Smurlick, Dylan / Powell, Andrece / Brusko, Todd M / Phelps, Edward A

Science advances

2023 Volume 9, Issue 22, Page(s) eadg1082

Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can affect immune responses through antigen presentation and costimulation or coinhibition. We generated designer EVs to modulate T cells in the context of type 1 diabetes, a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, by engineering ...

Abstract	Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can affect immune responses through antigen presentation and costimulation or coinhibition. We generated designer EVs to modulate T cells in the context of type 1 diabetes, a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, by engineering a lymphoblast cell line, K562, to express HLA-A*02 (HLA-A2) alongside costimulatory CD80 and/or coinhibitory programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). EVs presenting HLA-A2 and CD80 activated CD8
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; HLA-A2 Antigen/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism ; Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
Chemical Substances	B7-H1 Antigen ; HLA-A2 Antigen
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.adg1082
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Article ; Online: Serum from pregnant donors induces human beta cell proliferation.

Sylvester-Armstrong, Kendra R / Reeder, Callie F / Powell, Andrece / Becker, Matthew W / Hagan, D Walker / Chen, Jing / Mathews, Clayton E / Wasserfall, Clive H / Atkinson, Mark A / Egerman, Robert / Phelps, Edward A

Islets

2024 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 2334044

Abstract: Pancreatic beta cells are among the slowest replicating cells in the human body and have not been observed to increase in number except during the fetal and neonatal period, in cases of obesity, during puberty, as well as during pregnancy. Pregnancy is ... ...

Abstract	Pancreatic beta cells are among the slowest replicating cells in the human body and have not been observed to increase in number except during the fetal and neonatal period, in cases of obesity, during puberty, as well as during pregnancy. Pregnancy is associated with increased beta cell mass to meet heightened insulin demands. This phenomenon raises the intriguing possibility that factors present in the serum of pregnant individuals may stimulate beta cell proliferation and offer insights into expansion of the beta cell mass for treatment and prevention of diabetes. The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that serum from pregnant donors contains bioactive factors capable of inducing human beta cell proliferation. An immortalized human beta cell line with protracted replication (EndoC-βH1) was cultured in media supplemented with serum from pregnant and non-pregnant female and male donors and assessed for differences in proliferation. This experiment was followed by assessment of proliferation of primary human beta cells. Sera from five out of six pregnant donors induced a significant increase in the proliferation rate of EndoC-βH1 cells. Pooled serum from the cohort of pregnant donors also increased the rate of proliferation in primary human beta cells. This study demonstrates that serum from pregnant donors stimulates human beta cell proliferation. These findings suggest the existence of pregnancy-associated factors that can offer novel avenues for beta cell regeneration and diabetes prevention strategies. Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific factors responsible for this effect.
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation
Chemical Substances	Insulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2589489-4
ISSN	1938-2022 ; 1938-2022
ISSN (online)	1938-2022
ISSN	1938-2022
DOI	10.1080/19382014.2024.2334044
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Article ; Online: Physical tuning of galectin-3 signaling.

Farhadi, Shaheen A / Liu, Renjie / Becker, Matthew W / Phelps, Edward A / Hudalla, Gregory A

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2021 Volume 118, Issue 19

Abstract: Galectin-3 (Gal3) exhibits dynamic oligomerization and promiscuous binding, which can lead to concomitant activation of synergistic, antagonistic, or noncooperative signaling pathways that alter cell behavior. Conferring signaling pathway selectivity ... ...

Abstract	Galectin-3 (Gal3) exhibits dynamic oligomerization and promiscuous binding, which can lead to concomitant activation of synergistic, antagonistic, or noncooperative signaling pathways that alter cell behavior. Conferring signaling pathway selectivity through mutations in the Gal3-glycan binding interface is challenged by the abundance of common carbohydrate types found on many membrane glycoproteins. Here, employing alpha-helical coiled-coils as scaffolds to create synthetic Gal3 constructs with defined valency, we demonstrate that oligomerization can physically regulate extracellular signaling activity of Gal3. Constructs with 2 to 6 Gal3 subunits ("Dimer," "Trimer," "Tetramer," "Pentamer," "Hexamer") demonstrated glycan-binding properties and cell death-inducing potency that scaled with valency. Dimer was the minimum functional valency. Unlike wild-type Gal3, which signals apoptosis and mediates agglutination, synthetic Gal3 constructs induced cell death without agglutination. In the presence of CD45, Hexamer was distributed on the cell membrane, whereas it clustered in absence of CD45 via membrane glycans other than those found on CD7. Wild-type Gal3, Pentamer, and Hexamer required CD45 and CD7 to signal apoptosis, and the involvement of caspases in apoptogenic signaling was increased in absence of CD45. However, wild-type Gal3 depended on caspases to signal apoptosis to a greater extent than Hexamer, which had greater caspase dependence than Pentamer. Diminished caspase activation downstream of Hexamer signaling led to decreased pannexin-1 hemichannel opening and interleukin-2 secretion, events facilitated by the increased caspase activation downstream of wild-type Gal3 signaling. Thus, synthetic fixation of Gal3 multivalency can impart physical control of its outside-in signaling activity by governing membrane glycoprotein engagement and, in turn, intracellular pathway activation.
MeSH term(s)	Apoptosis/genetics ; Blood Proteins/chemistry ; Blood Proteins/genetics ; Blood Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Death/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Galectins/chemistry ; Galectins/genetics ; Galectins/metabolism ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Lactose/metabolism ; Leukocyte Common Antigens/genetics ; Leukocyte Common Antigens/metabolism ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Multimerization ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Blood Proteins ; Galectins ; LGALS3 protein, human ; Polysaccharides ; Leukocyte Common Antigens (EC 3.1.3.48) ; Lactose (J2B2A4N98G)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2024117118
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Article ; Online: Engineered microenvironments and microdevices for modeling the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.

Becker, Matthew W / Simonovich, Jennifer A / Phelps, Edward A

Biomaterials

2018 Volume 198, Page(s) 49–62

Abstract: The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes is a complex process involving tightly controlled microenvironments, a number of highly specific immune cell - islet cell interactions, and the eventual breaking of immune tolerance leading to beta cell death. ... ...

Abstract	The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes is a complex process involving tightly controlled microenvironments, a number of highly specific immune cell - islet cell interactions, and the eventual breaking of immune tolerance leading to beta cell death. Modeling this process can provide researchers with powerful insights into how and when to best provide treatment, but has proven difficult to accurately model due to its complex nature and differences between animal models and humans. Much progress has been made in determining the genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of type 1 diabetes, yet translating that knowledge to clinical treatments remains challenging. Thus, there exists a capabilities gap between understanding the disease pathophysiology and engineering effective clinical treatment strategies. Biomimetic modeling of human type 1 diabetes is a valuable tool to study and manipulate islet function and can be employed to address immunological aspects of type 1 diabetes. This article will review recent advances in this field, and will suggest ways to synergize systems to model and observe the pathophysiology of autoimmune diabetes with bioengineered therapeutic strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry ; Bioengineering/instrumentation ; Bioengineering/methods ; Biomimetic Materials/chemistry ; Cellular Microenvironment ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans/pathology ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/instrumentation ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/methods
Chemical Substances	Biocompatible Materials
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	603079-8
ISSN	1878-5905 ; 0142-9612
ISSN (online)	1878-5905
ISSN	0142-9612
DOI	10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.002
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Human stem cell derived beta-like cells engineered to present PD-L1 improve transplant survival in NOD mice carrying human HLA class I.

Santini-González, Jorge / Castro-Gutierrez, Roberto / Becker, Matthew W / Rancourt, Chad / Russ, Holger A / Phelps, Edward A

Frontiers in endocrinology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 989815

Abstract: There is a critical need for therapeutic approaches that combine renewable sources of replacement beta cells with localized immunomodulation to counter recurrence of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, there are few examples of animal models ... ...

Abstract	There is a critical need for therapeutic approaches that combine renewable sources of replacement beta cells with localized immunomodulation to counter recurrence of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, there are few examples of animal models to study such approaches that incorporate spontaneous autoimmunity directed against human beta cells rather than allogenic rejection. Here, we address this critical limitation by demonstrating rejection and survival of transplanted human stem cell-derived beta-like cells clusters (sBCs) in a fully immune competent mouse model with matching human HLA class I and spontaneous diabetes development. We engineered localized immune tolerance toward transplanted sBCs
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Graft Survival ; B7-H1 Antigen/genetics ; HLA-A2 Antigen ; Stem Cells ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/surgery
Chemical Substances	B7-H1 Antigen ; HLA-A2 Antigen
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2022.989815
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Article: Serum from pregnant donors induces human beta cell proliferation and insulin secretion.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Pancreatic beta cells are among the slowest replicating cells in the human body. Human beta cells usually do not increase in number with exceptions being during the neonatal period, in cases of obesity, and during pregnancy. This project explored ... ...

Abstract	Pancreatic beta cells are among the slowest replicating cells in the human body. Human beta cells usually do not increase in number with exceptions being during the neonatal period, in cases of obesity, and during pregnancy. This project explored maternal serum for stimulatory potential on human beta cell proliferation and insulin output. Gravid, full-term women who were scheduled to undergo cesarean delivery were recruited for this study. A human beta cell line was cultured in media supplemented with serum from pregnant and non-pregnant donors and assessed for differences in proliferation and insulin secretion. A subset of pregnant donor sera induced significant increases in beta cell proliferation and insulin secretion. Pooled serum from pregnant donors also increased proliferation in primary human beta cells but not primary human hepatocytes indicating a cell-type specific effect. This study suggests stimulatory factors in human serum during pregnancy could provide a novel approach for human beta cell expansion.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.04.17.537214
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Article: Engineered microenvironments and microdevices for modeling the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes

Becker, Matthew W / Edward A. Phelps / Jennifer A. Simonovich

Biomaterials. 2019 Apr., v. 198

2019

Abstract: The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes is a complex process involving tightly controlled microenvironments, a number of highly specific immune cell – islet cell interactions, and the eventual breaking of immune tolerance leading to beta cell death. ... ...

Abstract	The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes is a complex process involving tightly controlled microenvironments, a number of highly specific immune cell – islet cell interactions, and the eventual breaking of immune tolerance leading to beta cell death. Modeling this process can provide researchers with powerful insights into how and when to best provide treatment, but has proven difficult to accurately model due to its complex nature and differences between animal models and humans. Much progress has been made in determining the genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of type 1 diabetes, yet translating that knowledge to clinical treatments remains challenging. Thus, there exists a capabilities gap between understanding the disease pathophysiology and engineering effective clinical treatment strategies. Biomimetic modeling of human type 1 diabetes is a valuable tool to study and manipulate islet function and can be employed to address immunological aspects of type 1 diabetes. This article will review recent advances in this field, and will suggest ways to synergize systems to model and observe the pathophysiology of autoimmune diabetes with bioengineered therapeutic strategies.
Keywords	animal models ; biomimetics ; cell death ; engineering ; humans ; immunosuppression ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; pathophysiology ; researchers ; therapeutics ; translation (genetics)
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-04
Size	p. 49-62.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	603079-8
ISSN	0142-9612
ISSN	0142-9612
DOI	10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.002
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Distributed Temperature Sensing to Measure Infiltration Rates Across a Groundwater Recharge Basin

Medina, Ricardo / Pham, Christine / Plumlee, Megan H / Hutchinson, Adam / Becker, Matthew W / O'Connell, Patrick J

Ground water. 2020 Nov., v. 58, no. 6

2020

Abstract: Managed aquifer recharge is used to augment groundwater resources and provide resiliency to water supplies threatened by prolonged droughts. It is important that recharge facilities operate at their maximum efficiency to increase the volume of water ... ...

Abstract	Managed aquifer recharge is used to augment groundwater resources and provide resiliency to water supplies threatened by prolonged droughts. It is important that recharge facilities operate at their maximum efficiency to increase the volume of water stored for future use. In this study, we evaluate the use of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology as a tool to measure high‐resolution infiltration rates at a large‐scale recharge facility. Fiber optic cable was laid out inside a spreading basin in a spiral pattern, at two different depths. The cables measured the propagation of diurnal surface water temperature oscillations into the basin depth. The rate of heat propagation is proportional to the velocity of the water, making it possible to estimate the infiltration rate from the temperature measurements. Our results showed that the infiltration rate calculated from DTS, averaged over the entire basin, was within 5% of the infiltration rate calculated using a conventional metering method. The high‐resolution data obtained from DTS, both spatially and temporally, revealed heterogeneous infiltration rates throughout the basin; furthermore, tracking the evolution of infiltration rates over time revealed regions with consistently high infiltration rates, regions with consistently low infiltration rates, and regions that evolved from high to low rates, which suggested clogging within that region. Water utilities can take advantage of the high‐resolution information obtained from DTS to better manage recharge basins and make decisions about cleaning schedule, frequency, and extent, leading to improved basin management strategies, reduced O&M costs, and increased groundwater recharge.
Keywords	aquifers ; basins ; evolution ; fiber optics ; groundwater ; groundwater recharge ; heat ; infiltration rate ; surface water temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-11
Size	p. 913-923.
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	246212-6
ISSN	1745-6584 ; 0017-467X
ISSN (online)	1745-6584
ISSN	0017-467X
DOI	10.1111/gwat.13007
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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