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  1. Article ; Online: Enhanced expression of complement and microglial-specific genes prior to clinical progression in the MOG-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis.

    Becquart, Pierre / Vilariño-Güell, Carles / Quandt, Jacqueline A

    Brain research bulletin

    2020  Volume 165, Page(s) 63–69

    Abstract: Understanding the biological changes responsible for failures in repair and the development of progressive MS is paramount for therapeutic intervention. In a well characterized experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS the clinical ... ...

    Abstract Understanding the biological changes responsible for failures in repair and the development of progressive MS is paramount for therapeutic intervention. In a well characterized experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS the clinical phenotype features an acute attack with partial recovery followed by a chronic or progressive disease phase. Neuropathology-focused gene expression profiles were generated from spinal cord, hindbrain and forebrain of mice 25 days after the induction of EAE, the time when recovery plateaus and transitions to a chronic or worsening phase. Differences in gene expression were most pronounced in the spinal cord of EAE mice compared to sham-immunized animals, with a subset of genes also found to be differentially expressed in the hindbrain and the forebrain, albeit with smaller fold-changes in expression. Our data suggests that changes in complement components, chemoattractant cytokines and especially enrichment in microglial cells may be the primary drivers of processes that limit recovery in EAE.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Complement System Proteins/genetics ; Complement System Proteins/metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Mice ; Microglia/metabolism ; Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ; Prosencephalon/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ; Complement System Proteins (9007-36-7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 197620-5
    ISSN 1873-2747 ; 0361-9230
    ISSN (online) 1873-2747
    ISSN 0361-9230
    DOI 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.09.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Oligodendrocyte ARNT2 expression is altered in models of MS.

    Becquart, Pierre / Johnston, Jake / Vilariño-Güell, Carles / Quandt, Jacqueline A

    Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation

    2020  Volume 7, Issue 4

    Abstract: Objective: We examined expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2), a basic-loop-helix transcription factor implicated in neuronal development and axonal health, in oligodendrocyte (OL) cultures and over the course of chronic ... ...

    Abstract Objective: We examined expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2), a basic-loop-helix transcription factor implicated in neuronal development and axonal health, in oligodendrocyte (OL) cultures and over the course of chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS).
    Methods: We assessed OL ARNT2 expression in EAE compared with sham-immunized controls and also in OL primary cultures and over the course of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP)-mediated maturation of the immortalized Oli-neu cell line. We also tested the functional role of ARNT2 in influencing OL characteristics using small interfering RNA (siRNA).
    Results: ARNT2 is localized to Olig2
    Conclusion: The analysis of ARNT2 expression in OLs demonstrates that OL ARNT2 expression is altered in EAE and during OL maturation. Findings point to ARNT2 as an important mediator of OL viability and differentiation and warrant further characterization as a target for intervention in demyelinating disorders such as MS.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/metabolism ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism ; Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells/metabolism ; Oligodendroglia/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Arnt2 protein, mouse ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator (138391-32-9)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2767740-0
    ISSN 2332-7812 ; 2332-7812
    ISSN (online) 2332-7812
    ISSN 2332-7812
    DOI 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000745
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 variant B.1.1.7 detected in a group of dogs and cats with suspected myocarditis

    Ferasin, Luca / Fritz, Matthieu / Ferasin, Heidi / Becquart, Pierre / Corbet, Sandrine / Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg / Legros, Vincent / Leroy, Eric M.

    Veterinary record. 2021 Nov., v. 189, no. 9

    2021  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Domestic pets can contract severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection; however, it is unknown whether the UK B.1.1.7 variant can more easily infect certain animal species or increase the possibility of human‐to‐ ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Domestic pets can contract severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection; however, it is unknown whether the UK B.1.1.7 variant can more easily infect certain animal species or increase the possibility of human‐to‐animal transmission. METHODS: This is a descriptive case series reporting SARS‐CoV‐2 B.1.1.7 variant infections in a group of dogs and cats with suspected myocarditis. RESULTS: The study describes the infection of domestic cats and dogs by the B.1.1.7 variant. Two cats and one dog were positive to SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR on rectal swab, and two cats and one dog were found to have SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies 2–6 weeks after they developed signs of cardiac disease. Many owners of these pets had developed respiratory symptoms 3–6 weeks before their pets became ill and had also tested positive for COVID‐19. Interestingly, all these pets were referred for acute onset of cardiac disease, including severe myocardial disorders of suspected inflammatory origin but without primary respiratory signs. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the ability for pets to be infected by the B.1.1.7 variant and question its possible pathogenicity in these animals.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; dogs ; myocarditis ; pathogenicity
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-11
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 390015-0
    ISSN 2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
    ISSN (online) 2042-7670
    ISSN 0042-4900
    DOI 10.1002/vetr.944
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: First Evidence of Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Domestic Rabbits

    Fritz, Matthieu / de Riols de Fonclare, Daphné / Garcia, Déborah / Beurlet, Stéphanie / Becquart, Pierre / Rosolen, Serge G. / Briend-Marchal, Alexandra / Leroy, Eric M.

    Veterinary sciences. 2022 Jan. 27, v. 9, no. 2

    2022  

    Abstract: We tested 144 pet rabbits sampled in France between November 2020 and June 2021 for antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by microsphere immunoassay. We reported the first evidence of a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in ...

    Abstract We tested 144 pet rabbits sampled in France between November 2020 and June 2021 for antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by microsphere immunoassay. We reported the first evidence of a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in rabbits with a low observed seroprevalence between 0.7% and 1.4%.
    Keywords Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; immunoassays ; microparticles ; seroprevalence ; France
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0127
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2768971-2
    ISSN 2306-7381
    ISSN 2306-7381
    DOI 10.3390/vetsci9020049
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Mucosal Administration of E-selectin Limits Disability in Models of Multiple Sclerosis.

    Quandt, Jacqueline A / Becquart, Pierre / Kamma, Emily / Hallenbeck, John

    Frontiers in molecular neuroscience

    2019  Volume 12, Page(s) 190

    Abstract: E-selectin plays an important role in mediating the rolling of leukocytes along and thus, the subsequent extravasation across activated endothelial cells comprising the microvasculature of the blood brain barrier (BBB). In multiple sclerosis (MS) and ... ...

    Abstract E-selectin plays an important role in mediating the rolling of leukocytes along and thus, the subsequent extravasation across activated endothelial cells comprising the microvasculature of the blood brain barrier (BBB). In multiple sclerosis (MS) and other inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), the microvasculature is altered and immune cells infiltrate the brain and spinal cord contributing to damage, demyelination and ultimately disability. While mucosal administration is typically used to affect lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness or tolerance to suspect autoantigens, intranasal administration to E-selectin has previously been shown to protect against CNS inflammatory insults. We characterized the potential for mucosal administration of E-selectin to modulate CNS autoimmunity in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. Intranasally administered E-selectin reduced swelling by as much as 50% in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions compared to ovalbumin-tolerized controls. Intranasal E-selectin delivery prior to disease induction with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2452967-9
    ISSN 1662-5099
    ISSN 1662-5099
    DOI 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00190
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Molecular Identification of Enteric Viruses in Domestic Animals in Northeastern Gabon, Central Africa

    Bohou Kombila, Linda / N’dilimabaka, Nadine / Garcia, Déborah / Rieu, Océane / Engone Ondo, Jéordy Dimitri / Ndong Mebaley, Telstar / Boundenga, Larson / Fritz, Matthieu / Lenguiya, Léadisaelle Hosanna / Maganga, Gael Darren / Leroy, Eric M. / Becquart, Pierre / Mombo, Illich Manfred

    Animals. 2023 Aug. 03, v. 13, no. 15

    2023  

    Abstract: Astroviruses (AstVs), enteroviruses (EVs), and caliciviruses (CaVs) infect several vertebrate taxa. Transmitted through the fecal–oral route, these enteric viruses are highly resistant and can survive in the environment, thereby increasing their zoonotic ...

    Abstract Astroviruses (AstVs), enteroviruses (EVs), and caliciviruses (CaVs) infect several vertebrate taxa. Transmitted through the fecal–oral route, these enteric viruses are highly resistant and can survive in the environment, thereby increasing their zoonotic potential. Here, we screened for AstVs, EVs, and CaVs to investigate the role of domestic animals in the emergence of zoonoses, because they are situated at the human/wildlife interface, particularly in rural forested areas in Central Africa. Rectal swabs were obtained from 123 goats, 41 sheep, and 76 dogs in 10 villages located in northeastern Gabon. Extracted RNA reverse-transcribed into cDNA was used to detect AstVs, EVs, and CaVs by amplification of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), or capsid protein (VP1) gene using PCR. A total of 23 samples tested positive, including 17 goats for AstVs, 2 goats, 2 sheep, 1 dog for EVs, and 1 dog for CaVs. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that AstV RdRp sequences clustered with sheep-, goat-, or bovine-related AstVs. In addition, one goat and two sheep VP1 sequences clustered with caprine/ovine-related Evs within the Enterovirus G species, and the CaV was a canine vesivirus. However, human-pathogenic Evs, EV-B80 and EV-C99, were detected in goats and dogs, raising questions on the maintenance of viruses able to infect humans.
    Keywords Astroviridae ; Enterovirus G ; RNA ; RNA-directed RNA polymerase ; Vesivirus ; coat proteins ; dogs ; genes ; goats ; humans ; phylogeny ; sheep ; wildlife ; zoonoses ; Gabon
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0803
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2606558-7
    ISSN 2076-2615
    ISSN 2076-2615
    DOI 10.3390/ani13152512
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Exposure to Ebola Virus and Risk for Infection with Malaria Parasites, Rural Gabon.

    Abbate, Jessica L / Becquart, Pierre / Leroy, Eric / Ezenwa, Vanessa O / Roche, Benjamin

    Emerging infectious diseases

    2020  Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 229–237

    Abstract: An association between malaria and risk for death among patients with Ebola virus disease has suggested within-host interactions between Plasmodium falciparum parasites and Ebola virus. To determine whether such an interaction might also influence the ... ...

    Abstract An association between malaria and risk for death among patients with Ebola virus disease has suggested within-host interactions between Plasmodium falciparum parasites and Ebola virus. To determine whether such an interaction might also influence the probability of acquiring either infection, we used a large snapshot surveillance study from rural Gabon to test if past exposure to Ebola virus is associated with current infection with Plasmodium spp. during nonepidemic conditions. We found a strong positive association, on population and individual levels, between seropositivity for antibodies against Ebola virus and the presence of Plasmodium parasites in the blood. According to a multiple regression model accounting for other key variables, antibodies against Ebola virus emerged as the strongest individual-level risk factor for acquiring malaria. Our results suggest that within-host interactions between malaria parasites and Ebola virus may underlie epidemiologic associations.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Ebolavirus/immunology ; Ebolavirus/isolation & purification ; Female ; Gabon/epidemiology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/blood ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/complications ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/blood ; Malaria, Falciparum/complications ; Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasmodium falciparum/immunology ; Plasmodium falciparum/isolation & purification ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1380686-5
    ISSN 1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
    ISSN (online) 1080-6059
    ISSN 1080-6040
    DOI 10.3201/eid2602.181120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Expression of the neuroprotective protein aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 correlates with neuronal stress and disability in models of multiple sclerosis.

    Rahim, Tissa / Becquart, Pierre / Baeva, Maria-Elizabeth / Quandt, Jacqueline

    Journal of neuroinflammation

    2018  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 270

    Abstract: Background: Axonal degeneration and neuronal loss have been described as the major causes of irreversible clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). The aryl-hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2) protein has been associated with ... ...

    Abstract Background: Axonal degeneration and neuronal loss have been described as the major causes of irreversible clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). The aryl-hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2) protein has been associated with neuroprotection in models of ischemia and neuronal responses to stressors.
    Methods: To characterize its potential to influence inflammatory neurodegeneration, we examined ARNT2 expression in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS and characterized mediators that influence ARNT2 expression as well as plausible partners and targets.
    Results: Arnt2 message and protein levels dropped significantly in EAE spinal cords as disease developed and were lowest at peak disability. ARNT2 expression is prominent in neuronal cell bodies within the gray matter with some staining in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
    Conclusion: Our data support ARNT2 as a neuronal transcription factor whose sustained expression is linked to neuronal and axonal health, protection that may primarily be driven through its partnering with Npas4 to influence BDNF expression.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/genetics ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/metabolism ; Astrocytes/drug effects ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Axons/pathology ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Female ; Freund's Adjuvant/toxicity ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation/physiology ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Multiple Sclerosis/chemically induced ; Multiple Sclerosis/complications ; Multiple Sclerosis/pathology ; Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/toxicity ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Peptide Fragments/toxicity ; Pertussis Toxin/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Arnt2 protein, mouse ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Peptide Fragments ; myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55) ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator (138391-32-9) ; Freund's Adjuvant (9007-81-2) ; Hydrogen Peroxide (BBX060AN9V) ; Pertussis Toxin (EC 2.4.2.31)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1742-2094
    ISSN (online) 1742-2094
    DOI 10.1186/s12974-018-1290-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Herpes Infections in Suspected Cases of Yellow Fever in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

    Makiala-Mandanda, Sheila / Abbate, Jessica L / Pukuta-Simbu, Elisabeth / Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve / Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean-Jacques / Leroy, Eric M / Becquart, Pierre

    Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

    2021  Volume 57, Issue 9

    Abstract: In the battle to quickly identify potential yellow fever arbovirus outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, active syndromic surveillance of acute febrile jaundice patients across the country is a powerful tool. However, patients who test ... ...

    Abstract In the battle to quickly identify potential yellow fever arbovirus outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, active syndromic surveillance of acute febrile jaundice patients across the country is a powerful tool. However, patients who test negative for yellow fever virus infection are too often left without a diagnosis. By retroactively screening samples for other potential viral infections, we can both try to find sources of patient disease and gain information on how commonly they may occur and co-occur. Several human arboviruses have previously been identified, but there remain many other viral families that could be responsible for acute febrile jaundice. Here, we assessed the prevalence of human herpes viruses (HHVs) in these acute febrile jaundice disease samples. Total viral DNA was extracted from serum of 451 patients with acute febrile jaundice. We used real-time quantitative PCR to test all specimens for cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). We found 21.3% had active HHV replication (13.1%, 2.4%, 6.2% and 2.4% were positive for CMV, HSV, HHV-6 and VZV, respectively), and that nearly half (45.8%) of these infections were characterized by co-infection either among HHVs or between HHVs and other viral infection, sometimes associated with acute febrile jaundice previously identified. Our results show that the role of HHV primary infection or reactivation in contributing to acute febrile jaundice disease identified through the yellow fever surveillance program should be routinely considered in diagnosing these patients.
    MeSH term(s) Cytomegalovirus ; DNA, Viral ; Democratic Republic of the Congo/epidemiology ; Herpesviridae Infections ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Yellow Fever/diagnosis ; Yellow Fever/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances DNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2188113-3
    ISSN 1648-9144 ; 1010-660X
    ISSN (online) 1648-9144
    ISSN 1010-660X
    DOI 10.3390/medicina57090871
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 detected in a group of dogs and cats with suspected myocarditis.

    Ferasin, Luca / Fritz, Matthieu / Ferasin, Heidi / Becquart, Pierre / Corbet, Sandrine / Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg / Legros, Vincent / Leroy, Eric M

    The Veterinary record

    2021  Volume 189, Issue 9, Page(s) e944

    Abstract: Background: Domestic pets can contract severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; however, it is unknown whether the UK B.1.1.7 variant can more easily infect certain animal species or increase the possibility of human-to- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Domestic pets can contract severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; however, it is unknown whether the UK B.1.1.7 variant can more easily infect certain animal species or increase the possibility of human-to-animal transmission.
    Methods: This is a descriptive case series reporting SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant infections in a group of dogs and cats with suspected myocarditis.
    Results: The study describes the infection of domestic cats and dogs by the B.1.1.7 variant. Two cats and one dog were positive to SARS-CoV-2 PCR on rectal swab, and two cats and one dog were found to have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 2-6 weeks after they developed signs of cardiac disease. Many owners of these pets had developed respiratory symptoms 3-6 weeks before their pets became ill and had also tested positive for COVID-19. Interestingly, all these pets were referred for acute onset of cardiac disease, including severe myocardial disorders of suspected inflammatory origin but without primary respiratory signs.
    Conclusions: These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the ability for pets to be infected by the B.1.1.7 variant and question its possible pathogenicity in these animals.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COVID-19/veterinary ; Cat Diseases ; Cats ; Dog Diseases ; Dogs ; Humans ; Myocarditis/veterinary ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390015-0
    ISSN 2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
    ISSN (online) 2042-7670
    ISSN 0042-4900
    DOI 10.1002/vetr.944
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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