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Article: National Survey on bladder and bowel dysfunctions in Autism Spectrum Disorder population.

Gubbiotti, Marilena / Balzarro, Matteo / Zoccante, Leonardo / Di Gennaro, Gianfranco / Marchiafava, Moreno / Bedetti, Chiara / Rubilotta, Emanuele

Frontiers in psychiatry

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1140113

Abstract: Introduction: To evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and bowel disorders in a population of young subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ADS) by a national survey and to assess the relationship between the occurrence, frequency, and type of ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: To evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and bowel disorders in a population of young subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ADS) by a national survey and to assess the relationship between the occurrence, frequency, and type of LUTS and the severity of behavioral and neuropsychiatric characteristics. Materials and methods: A survey on LUTS and bowel disorders in the ASD population was sent by mail and social media through the main Italian Associations of ASD between February and September 2022. The correlation between LUTS and ASD severity was also assessed. Results: The survey was completed by 502 subjects with a mean age of 16.6 years ± 10 years: male participants were 413 (mean age: 16.5 years ± 9.8 years), while female participants 89 (mean age: 17.2 years ± 10.9 years). ADS severity was found low in 29.9%, moderate in 27.1%, and severe in 43%. LUTS were reported by 77.1%, storage symptoms in 51.4%, and voiding symptoms in 60.6%. Urinary incontinence was reported by 12.5%. Enuresis was reported by 14.3% (72/502) of the respondents: primary enuresis in 70.8% (51/72), secondary in the remaining. Pads were used by 40 subjects with a median of 2.9 pads/day (range, 0-8). A toilet training program was performed by 61 of the respondents, with satisfactory results in 40/61 (65.6%). A significant correlation was found between greater ASD severity and higher LUTS rates. The mean VAS score on the impact of LUTS on family relationships was 2 ± 2.9. Regular bowel function was reported by 57.4% (288/502) of the respondents, while increased daily defecations were present in 11.2% (56/502), constipation in 31.5% (158/502), and fecal incontinence in 7.9% (40/502). Conclusion: This survey demonstrated that LUTS are very common in the young ASD population and that the prevalence of urinary symptoms is related to higher severity of the ASD condition. Bowel disorders are often associated with urinary symptoms and dysfunctions. Urologists should be aware of the frequent occurrence of urological disorders and symptoms in individuals with ASD and should be involved in their clinical management in a multidisciplinary team that cares for these people.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564218-2
ISSN	1664-0640
ISSN	1664-0640
DOI	10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1140113
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: How much do children with disabilities participate in Clinical Trials? A Scoping review.

Camanni, Guido / Ciccone, Ornella / Lepri, Alessandro / Tinarelli, Chiara / Bedetti, Chiara / Elisei, Sandro

Psychiatria Danubina

2023 Volume 35, Issue Suppl 3, Page(s) 11–16

Abstract: Background: Children with disabilities (CWDs) are often excluded from scientific research, but no precise data are available on their participation in Clinical Trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rates of exclusion of CWDs from recent ... ...

Abstract	Background: Children with disabilities (CWDs) are often excluded from scientific research, but no precise data are available on their participation in Clinical Trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rates of exclusion of CWDs from recent medical research. Subjects and methods: The protocol of the study was designed according to Prisma-ScR guidelines. All completed interventional Clinical Trials registered on Clinicaltrials.gov between 2010 and 2020 related to the Leading 10 Level 3 causes of global Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for both sexes combined for all ages of the updated Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 were analysed. The exclusion criteria were considered explicit if related to the following categories: disability, physical impairment, cognitive impairment, behavioural or psychiatric disorders, language and communication impairment, sensory impairment. Any generic or poorly specified exclusion criteria or statements that left wide discretion to researchers were considered "implicit exclusion criteria". We assessed the appropriateness of explicit exclusion criteria in relation to the primary objectives of the trials and labelled them as "absolute", "relative", or "questionable". Results: The trials selected according to the inclusion criteria of the scoping review were 328; 166 (50.6%) were pediatric-only studies, and 162 (49.4%) trials comprising subjects of all ages. Explicit exclusion criteria were found in 82 trials (25%) and the disability category most frequently excluded was "Behavioural or psychiatric disorders" present in 46 trials (56.1%). Explicit exclusion criteria were considered "relative" in over 90% of the selected studies. Implicit exclusion criteria were present in 153 trials (46.6%) and the number and percentage of studies with at least one explicit or implicit exclusion criterion were 193 and 58.8% respectively. Conclusions: This study highlights a high rate of exclusion of CWDs from medical research and the need for an inclusive approach that comprises the study design and any necessary adaptations for specific needs.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Disabled Children ; Biomedical Research ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Research Design
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-23
Publishing country	Croatia
Document type	Systematic Review ; Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1067580-2
ISSN	0353-5053
ISSN	0353-5053
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Article: 'Being disabled' as an exclusion criterion for clinical trials: a scoping review.

Camanni, Guido / Ciccone, Ornella / Lepri, Alessandro / Tinarelli, Chiara / Bedetti, Chiara / Cicuttin, Sandra / Murgia, Nicola / Elisei, Sandro

BMJ global health

2023 Volume 8, Issue 11

Abstract: Background: People with disabilities (PWDs) are often excluded from biomedical research, but comprehensive data regarding their participation in clinical trials are not available. The objective of this study was to assess the rates of exclusion of PWDs ... ...

Abstract	Background: People with disabilities (PWDs) are often excluded from biomedical research, but comprehensive data regarding their participation in clinical trials are not available. The objective of this study was to assess the rates of exclusion of PWDs from recent medical scientific research. Methods: The protocol of the study was designed according to PRISMA-ScR (PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. All completed interventional clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov between 2010 and 2020 regarding the 10 leading causes of global disability-adjusted life-years according to the Global Burden of Disease Study were analysed. An exclusion criterion from the study was considered explicit if it could be associated with one of the following seven categories: disability, physical impairment, cognitive impairment, behavioural or psychiatric disorders, language and communication impairment, sensory impairment. Comorbidities not more clearly defined and researcher discretion regarding exclusion of study participants were considered to be 'implicit exclusion criteria'. We assessed the appropriateness of explicit exclusion criteria in relation to the primary objectives of the trials and labelled them as 'absolute', 'relative' or 'questionable'. Results: The total number of trials analysed was 2710; 170 were paediatric trials (6.3%), 2374 were adult trials (87.6%) and 166 were trials including subjects of all ages (6.1%). Explicit exclusion criteria were found in 958 trials (35.3%). The disability category most frequently excluded was behavioural or psychiatric disorders, present in 588 trials (61.4%). In only 3% and 1% of the trials, the exclusion criteria were considered either 'absolute' or 'questionable', while in 96% the exclusion criteria were judged as 'relative'. Implicit exclusion criteria were present in 1205 trials (44.5%). Conclusions: This study highlights the high rate of exclusion of PWDs from biomedical research and the widespread use of ill-defined exclusion criteria in clinical trials. It underscores the importance of more inclusive study designs so that PWDs can become active participants in research.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Disabled Persons ; Patient Selection ; Clinical Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ISSN	2059-7908
ISSN	2059-7908
DOI	10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013473
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Article: Beyond the Disease: "...Am I My Brother's Keeper?"

Elisei, Sandro / Marchiafava, Moreno / Gubbiotti, Marilena / Bedetti, Chiara

Psychiatria Danubina

2019 Volume 31, Issue Suppl 3, Page(s) 227–230

Abstract: Today, the concepts of health and illness require a global vision of man; the suffering of the person places the entire environment in great difficulty: health professionals, family, society. It is important not to simplify the response to a purely ... ...

Abstract	Today, the concepts of health and illness require a global vision of man; the suffering of the person places the entire environment in great difficulty: health professionals, family, society. It is important not to simplify the response to a purely health-focused view of the disorder, because fragile people possess a deep need to feel welcomed, listened to, understood and accepted. Service provision that is respectful of the dignity of the person is an important challenge both for those who are responsible for providing services to individuals and their families as well as for the entire community. Therefore in providing care the human qualities of the health professional and not only his technical skills come into play: blending together science and humanitarian ethos. The provision of care therefore "forces" us to broaden our horizons and requires us to face the challenge of responsibility towards the Other, the human condition of being-for. However, ethical capacity cannot be born solely out of sharing standards or adhering to regulations and respecting prohibitions: it stems from high and unconditional moral values and meanings. The ME-YOU relationship represents the primary ethical factor of the human being: my responsibility towards the Other is unconditional. In the book of Genesis when the Lord asks Cain: "... where is Abel, your brother?" He responds with another question: "Am I my brother's keeper?" In this biblical passage Cain kills Abel: the rejection of brotherhood and the care of the other only leads to the death of the Other. "Where is your brother?" This question is crucial in today's day and age and must be taken seriously: it is the decisive question that forces us to decide how to place ourselves in relationship with the other and with the world: do we choose proximity or distance, connection or indifference?
MeSH term(s)	Caregivers/ethics ; Caregivers/psychology ; Health ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Morals ; Siblings/psychology ; Social Behavior ; Social Change
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-02
Publishing country	Croatia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1067580-2
ISSN	0353-5053
ISSN	0353-5053
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Article: Urinary and bowel disfunction in autism spectrum disorder: a prospective, observational study.

Gubbiotti, Marilena / Elisei, Sandro / Bedetti, Chiara / Marchiafava, Moreno / Giannantoni, Antonella

Psychiatria Danubina

2019 Volume 31, Issue Suppl 3, Page(s) 475–478

Abstract: Background: Vesico- sphincter and bowel dysfunction have been frequently detected in Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients, but to date no consistent information exist on adults affected by the disease. We evaluated the prevalence and types of bladder ...

Abstract	Background: Vesico- sphincter and bowel dysfunction have been frequently detected in Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients, but to date no consistent information exist on adults affected by the disease. We evaluated the prevalence and types of bladder and bowel disfunction (BBD) in young and adult patients affected by ASD. Subjects and methods: Twenty- seven adults and 20 children/teens with ASD and a matched group of typically developing subjects were enrolled. Daily pads use and episodes of urinary incontinence (UI) were recorded in a 3- day voiding diary. Patients underwent also the measurement of post-void urinary residual volume and 3- day bowel diary. In addition, type and duration of the pharmacological agents assumed by the patients were accurately recorded. Results: Any type of UI was observed in 85.1% of adults and in 90% of children/teens. In adults, nocturnal enuresis (NE, 62.9%) and diurnal intermittent UI (37%) were the most frequently observed bladder dysfunction while in children/ teens were NE (75%) and diurnal continuous UI (40%). In all patients was demonstrated a significant relationship between urinary symptoms and pharmacological agents, particularly NE and clotiapine (p<0.004) and periciazine (p<0.008). Conclusions: Young and adult patients with ASD present with a high prevalence of BBD and concomitant antipsychotic medications could to play a contribution in induction and/or maintaining of BBD.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/drug therapy ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology ; Child ; Diurnal Enuresis/complications ; Diurnal Enuresis/diagnosis ; Diurnal Enuresis/physiopathology ; Humans ; Nocturnal Enuresis/complications ; Nocturnal Enuresis/diagnosis ; Nocturnal Enuresis/physiopathology ; Prospective Studies ; Urinary Incontinence/complications ; Urinary Incontinence/diagnosis ; Urinary Incontinence/physiopathology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-02
Publishing country	Croatia
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	1067580-2
ISSN	0353-5053
ISSN	0353-5053
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Article: Mathematics Anxiety and Cognitive Performance in Adolescent Students.

Buratta, Livia / Piccirilli, Massimo / Lanfaloni, Gianni Alberto / Ilicini, Silvia / Bedetti, Chiara / Elisei, Sandro

Psychiatria Danubina

2019 Volume 31, Issue Suppl 3, Page(s) 479–485

Abstract: Several studies highlight that many students feel negative feelings about mathematical learning and that the mathematics anxiety seems to play a central role in mathematical performance. More specifically students with higher level of maths anxiety are ... ...

Abstract	Several studies highlight that many students feel negative feelings about mathematical learning and that the mathematics anxiety seems to play a central role in mathematical performance. More specifically students with higher level of maths anxiety are less efficient in mathematical tasks. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between specific mathematics anxiety as assessed by AMAS, trait and state anxiety as assessed by STAI-Y, and mathematical skills assessed through the ABCA tests in a sample of 83 adolescent students (78.3% males) without diagnosis of dyscalculia and cognitive disorder attending their first year of secondary school. Results showed that 38% of the students referred high level of maths anxiety. Independent T-test revealed that female students referred a higher level of maths anxiety as well as of trait and state anxiety than male ones, while there were no differences in the mathematics performance. The simultaneous multivariate linear regression analysis showed that maths anxiety was influenced by trait anxiety and in its turn has an impact on the high level mathematics performances (i.e. arithmetic facts). Understanding the relationships between maths anxiety and maths learning and performance may have relevant implications in clinical, educational and didactic practice.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mathematics ; Psychology, Adolescent ; Students/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-02
Publishing country	Croatia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1067580-2
ISSN	0353-5053
ISSN	0353-5053
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Article: New technologies for art therapy interventions tailored to severe disabilities.

Donnari, Simone / Canonico, Valentina / Fatuzzo, Giovanni / Bedetti, Chiara / Marchiafava, Moreno / Menna, Marina / Elisei, Sandro

Psychiatria Danubina

2019 Volume 31, Issue Suppl 3, Page(s) 462–466

Abstract: Individuals with multiple disabilities can have a wide range of characteristics depending on the combination and severity of the disabilities, such as intellectual disability, mobility issues, sensorial impairment, language issues and brain injury. New ... ...

Abstract	Individuals with multiple disabilities can have a wide range of characteristics depending on the combination and severity of the disabilities, such as intellectual disability, mobility issues, sensorial impairment, language issues and brain injury. New technologies can help therapists find an alternative way to engage and interact with clients by opening a communication window and starting to build the therapeutic relationship. The need to use more customized technological tools led us to develop the Painteraction system, an intuitive tool based on Augmented Reality that allows clients to be immersed in their own images. Just by moving their bodies individuals are able to make drawings and receive visual feedback, both from themselves and their therapists, as it appears on the screen. The pilot testing of Painteraction was performed on 21 inpatients at Istituto Serafico (Assisi, Italy) with severe/multiple disabilities in order to explore and assess reaction and responsiveness in a semi-structured art therapy setting. The sample was formed by 14 males and 7 females (N=21) between the ages of 7 and 35. All participants attended three twenty-minute individual art therapy sessions which were approximately one week apart. Through direct and indirect (video recordings) observation of the sessions, it appeared that the specific Augmented Reality tool introduced in the art therapy setting was easily accepted by most of the clients involved and generally allowed the development of an interpersonal therapist-client relationship. The present study therefore gave us the opportunity to test new digital tools in the challenging setting of severe/multiple disabilities and observe the huge potential of new media to empower clients to express themselves and their creativity, and ultimately overcome mental and physical barriers. We propose that Augmented Reality tools are particularly well-suited to art therapy and create an equally suitable therapeutic environment to address specific client needs.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Art Therapy/methods ; Child ; Disabled Persons/rehabilitation ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Intellectual Disability/rehabilitation ; Italy ; Male ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-02
Publishing country	Croatia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1067580-2
ISSN	0353-5053
ISSN	0353-5053
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Article ; Online: Bladder and bowel dysfunction, adaptive behaviour and psychiatric profiles in adults affected by autism spectrum disorders.

Gubbiotti, Marilena / Balboni, Giulia / Bini, Vittorio / Elisei, Sandro / Bedetti, Chiara / Marchiafava, Moreno / Giannantoni, Antonella

Neurourology and urodynamics

2019 Volume 38, Issue 7, Page(s) 1866–1873

Abstract: Aims: Bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) have been recognized in children affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but no consistent information exist in adults with the condition. We evaluated the prevalence of BBD and the impact of psychiatric and ...

Abstract	Aims: Bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) have been recognized in children affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but no consistent information exist in adults with the condition. We evaluated the prevalence of BBD and the impact of psychiatric and behavioural profiles in adults affected by ASD. Methods: Twenty-two adults and 13 children/teens with ASD and a matched group of typically developing subjects (TD) were prospectively studied. Patients and TD subjects underwent the evaluation of urinary incontinence (UI: diurnal, continuous or intermittent), nocturnal enuresis (NE), and bowel disturbances with the 3-day voiding and bowel diary. In addition, assessment of intellectual disability (ID) and psychiatric and adaptive behaviours with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Scale (NPI) and the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale 2nd Edition (Vineland-II), was performed. Results: In adults, any type of incontinence was observed in 81.8% of cases, and NE and intermittent UI in 59.0% and 36.3% of patients, respectively. Faecal incontinence and constipation were detected 36.3% and in 68.1% of cases, respectively. ID was severe in 2 cases and profound in 18; NPI and Vineland-II items most affected were "Irritability/Lability," "Motor Activity," and "Agitation," and IQ-Socialization and IQ-Communication. Significant relationships were identified between intermittent UI and greater ID (P < .02) and high "anxiety" (P < .05), and between NE and high "euphoria/elevated mood" (P < .05). These results were similar to those observed in children/teens. Conclusions: Adults with ASD, and greater ID and mood disorders, present with a high prevalence of BBD. A shared pathogenetic mechanism could underlie the co-occurrence of ASD, mood disorders, and BBD.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Psychological/physiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comorbidity ; Fecal Incontinence/epidemiology ; Fecal Incontinence/physiopathology ; Fecal Incontinence/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nocturnal Enuresis/epidemiology ; Nocturnal Enuresis/physiopathology ; Nocturnal Enuresis/psychology ; Prevalence ; Urinary Bladder/physiopathology ; Urinary Incontinence/epidemiology ; Urinary Incontinence/physiopathology ; Urinary Incontinence/psychology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604904-7
ISSN	1520-6777 ; 0733-2467
ISSN (online)	1520-6777
ISSN	0733-2467
DOI	10.1002/nau.24081
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Article ; Online: Risk of miscarriage following amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling: a systematic review of the literature.

Beta, Jaroslaw / Lesmes-Heredia, Cristina / Bedetti, Chiara / Akolekar, Ranjit

Minerva ginecologica

2017 Volume 70, Issue 2, Page(s) 215–219

Abstract: Introduction: The aim of this paper was to estimate the risk of miscarriage after amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) based on a systematic review of the literature.: Evidence acquisition: A search of Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The aim of this paper was to estimate the risk of miscarriage after amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) based on a systematic review of the literature. Evidence acquisition: A search of Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library (2000-2017) was carried out to identify studies reporting complications following CVS or amniocentesis. The inclusion criteria for the systematic review were studies reporting results from large controlled studies (N.≥1000 invasive procedures) and those reporting data for pregnancy loss prior to 24 weeks' gestation. Data for cases that had invasive procedure and controls were inputted in contingency tables and risk of miscarriage was estimated for each study. Summary statistics were calculated after taking into account the weighting for each study included in the systematic review. Procedure-related risk of miscarriage was estimated as a weighted risk difference from the summary statistics for cases and controls. Evidence snthesis: The electronic search from the databases yielded 2465 potential citations of which 2431 were excluded, leaving 34 studies for full-text review. The final review included 10 studies for amniocentesis and 6 studies for CVS, which were used to estimate risk of miscarriage in pregnancies that had an invasive procedure and the control pregnancies that did not. The procedure-related risk of miscarriage following amniocentesis was 0.35% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07 to 0.63) and that following CVS was 0.35% (95% CI: -0.31 to 1.00). Conclusions: The procedure-related risks of miscarriage following amniocentesis and CVS are lower than currently quoted to women.
MeSH term(s)	Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology ; Abortion, Spontaneous/etiology ; Amniocentesis/adverse effects ; Chorionic Villi Sampling/adverse effects ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Risk
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-21
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	80159-8
ISSN	1827-1650 ; 0026-4784 ; 0325-8793
ISSN (online)	1827-1650
ISSN	0026-4784 ; 0325-8793
DOI	10.23736/S0026-4784.17.04178-8
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Article: Effectiveness of serotonergic drugs in the management of problem behaviors in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Marchiafava, Moreno / Piccirilli, Massimo / Bedetti, Chiara / Baglioni, Antonella / Menna, Marina / Elisei, Sandro

Psychiatria Danubina

2018 Volume 30, Issue Suppl 7, Page(s) 644–647

Abstract: Neurodevelopmental disorders often result in disabilities associated with auto- and / or hetero-aggressive behaviors, that can be defined as "problem behaviors" (Lacy 2007). Therapeutic interventions are mainly directed towards the use of neuroleptic ... ...

Abstract	Neurodevelopmental disorders often result in disabilities associated with auto- and / or hetero-aggressive behaviors, that can be defined as "problem behaviors" (Lacy 2007). Therapeutic interventions are mainly directed towards the use of neuroleptic drugs or benzodiazepines, to ensure a rapid and significant sedation in most of cases. These pharmacological devices exposes the patient to clinical risks and/or long-term management difficulties. The main problem of the chronic use of benzodiazepines is the development of tolerance and dependence; furthermore benzodiazepine withdrawal or their abrupt reduction may lead to rebound effect. Regarding the long-term effects of neuroleptics, it is necessary to focus on extrapyramidal effects, motor restlessness and akathisia, anticholinergic effects, as well as endocrine and metabolic alterations. Several studies have shown that the reduction of serotonergic receptor activity is associated with the appearance of aggressive behavior (Farnam et al. 2017), especially impulsive behaviors (Manchia et al. 2017, Takahashi et al. 2012). The dynamics that subtend these data are still not fully clarified, however there are evidences that the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) is helpful in the treatment of aggressive behavior in mental disabilities (Sterke et al. 2012, Janowsky et al. 2015). In this study we observe the behavioral response to sertraline, for minors, and to vortioxetine, for adults, considering that the literature shows significant evidence of modulation of synaptic neuroplasticity (Waller et al. 2017). To support the observation we used behavioural scales to collect the data, before the administration of the drug, during the course of treatment, at 3 months from the start of the administration. We detected the improve of behavioral disorders with the less use neuroleptic drugs and benzodiazepines.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/complications ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/drug therapy ; Problem Behavior/psychology ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Antipsychotic Agents ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; Benzodiazepines (12794-10-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-15
Publishing country	Croatia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1067580-2
ISSN	0353-5053
ISSN	0353-5053
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