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  1. Article ; Online: Long-term ambient ozone, omega-3 fatty acid, genetic susceptibility, and risk of mental disorders among middle-aged and older adults in UK biobank.

    Jin, Jianbo / Xu, Zhihu / Beevers, Sean D / Huang, Jing / Kelly, Frank / Li, Guoxing

    Environmental research

    2023  Volume 243, Page(s) 117825

    Abstract: Background: Evidence linking ozone to depression and anxiety disorders remains sparse and results are heterogeneous. It remains unknown whether omega-3 fatty acid, or genetic susceptibility of mental disorders modify the impacts of ozone. The aim is to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Evidence linking ozone to depression and anxiety disorders remains sparse and results are heterogeneous. It remains unknown whether omega-3 fatty acid, or genetic susceptibility of mental disorders modify the impacts of ozone. The aim is to assess the associations of ambient ozone with depression and anxiety, and further explore the potential modification effects of omega-3 fatty acid and genetic susceptibility.
    Methods: In total of 257,534 participants were enrolled from 2006 to 2010 and followed up to 2016. Depression and anxiety were assessed using mental health questionnaires, primary care records and hospital admission records. The annual average concentrations of ozone were calculated and linked to individuals by home address. Dietary intake and plasma concentration were selected to reflect levels of omega-3 fatty acid. Polygenetic risk scores were selected to reflect genetic susceptibility. We examined the associations of ozone and incident mental disorders, and potential modification of omega-3 fatty acid and genetic susceptibility.
    Results: Incidences of depression (N = 6957) and anxiety (N = 6944) was associated with increase of ozone. Higher levels of omega-3 fatty acid might attenuate the ozone related depression risk. However, the modification effects of genetic susceptibility were not found.
    Conclusions: Long-term exposure to ambient ozone increase the risk of mental disorders among the middle aged and older adults, and omega-3 fatty acid could reduce the adverse effects of ozone on mental health. Higher intake of omega-3 fatty acid is a potential strategy to prevent the risks caused by ozone on public mental health.
    MeSH term(s) Middle Aged ; Humans ; Aged ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Ozone/toxicity ; UK Biobank ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Mental Disorders/chemically induced ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease
    Chemical Substances Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-09
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 205699-9
    ISSN 1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
    ISSN (online) 1096-0953
    ISSN 0013-9351
    DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117825
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Can the UK meet the World Health Organization PM

    Dajnak, David / Assareh, Nosha / Kitwiroon, Nutthida / Beddows, Andrew V / Stewart, Gregor B / Hicks, William / Beevers, Sean D

    Environment international

    2023  Volume 181, Page(s) 108222

    Abstract: The recent United Kingdom (UK) Environment Act consultation had the intention of setting two targets for ... ...

    Abstract The recent United Kingdom (UK) Environment Act consultation had the intention of setting two targets for PM
    MeSH term(s) Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Cities ; United Kingdom ; Environmental Monitoring/methods
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108222
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Emulation and Sensitivity Analysis of the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model for a UK Ozone Pollution Episode.

    Beddows, Andrew V / Kitwiroon, Nutthida / Williams, Martin L / Beevers, Sean D

    Environmental science & technology

    2017  Volume 51, Issue 11, Page(s) 6229–6236

    Abstract: Gaussian process emulation techniques have been used with the Community Multiscale Air Quality model, simulating the effects of input uncertainties on ozone and ... ...

    Abstract Gaussian process emulation techniques have been used with the Community Multiscale Air Quality model, simulating the effects of input uncertainties on ozone and NO
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-06-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1520-5851
    ISSN (online) 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021/acs.est.6b05873
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Emulation and Sensitivity Analysis of the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model for a UK Ozone Pollution Episode

    Beddows, Andrew V / Beevers Sean D / Kitwiroon Nutthida / Williams Martin L

    Environmental Science & Technology. 2017 June 06, v. 51, no. 11

    2017  

    Abstract: Gaussian process emulation techniques have been used with the Community Multiscale Air Quality model, simulating the effects of input uncertainties on ozone and NO₂ output, to allow robust global sensitivity analysis (SA). A screening process ranked ... ...

    Abstract Gaussian process emulation techniques have been used with the Community Multiscale Air Quality model, simulating the effects of input uncertainties on ozone and NO₂ output, to allow robust global sensitivity analysis (SA). A screening process ranked the effect of perturbations in 223 inputs, isolating the 30 most influential from emissions, boundary conditions (BCs), and reaction rates. Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) simulations of a July 2006 ozone pollution episode in the UK were made with input values for these variables plus ozone dry deposition velocity chosen according to a 576 point Latin hypercube design. Emulators trained on the output of these runs were used in variance-based SA of the model output to input uncertainties. Performing these analyses for every hour of a 21 day period spanning the episode and several days on either side allowed the results to be presented as a time series of sensitivity coefficients, showing how the influence of different input uncertainties changed during the episode. This is one of the most complex models to which these methods have been applied, and here, they reveal detailed spatiotemporal patterns of model sensitivities, with NO and isoprene emissions, NO₂ photolysis, ozone BCs, and deposition velocity being among the most influential input uncertainties.
    Keywords air quality ; dry deposition ; emissions ; isoprene ; models ; nitric oxide ; nitrogen dioxide ; ozone ; photolysis ; pollution ; screening ; time series analysis ; uncertainty ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-0606
    Size p. 6229-6236.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021%2Facs.est.6b05873
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Characterising and understanding emission sources using bivariate polar plots and k-means clustering

    Carslaw, David C / Beevers, Sean D

    Environmental modelling & software. 2013 Feb., v. 40

    2013  

    Abstract: This paper develops the idea of bivariate polar plots as a method for source detection and characterisation. Bivariate polar plots provide a graphical method for showing the joint wind speed, wind direction dependence of air pollutant concentrations. ... ...

    Abstract This paper develops the idea of bivariate polar plots as a method for source detection and characterisation. Bivariate polar plots provide a graphical method for showing the joint wind speed, wind direction dependence of air pollutant concentrations. Bivariate polar plots provide an effective graphical means of discriminating different source types and characteristics. In the current work we apply k-means clustering techniques directly to bivariate polar plots to identify and group similar features. The technique is analogous to clustering applied to back trajectories at the regional scale. When applied to data from a monitoring site with high source complexity it is shown that the technique is able to identify important clusters in ambient monitoring data that additional analysis shows to exhibit different source characteristics. Importantly, this paper links identified clusters to known emission characteristics to confirm the inferences made in the analysis. The approaches developed should have wide application to the analysis of air pollution monitoring data and have been made freely available as part of the openair R package.
    Keywords air ; air pollution ; computer software ; environmental models ; monitoring ; pollutants ; wind direction ; wind speed
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-02
    Size p. 325-329.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1364-8152
    DOI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.09.005
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Association of Air Pollution Exposure in Childhood and Adolescence With Psychopathology at the Transition to Adulthood.

    Reuben, Aaron / Arseneault, Louise / Beddows, Andrew / Beevers, Sean D / Moffitt, Terrie E / Ambler, Antony / Latham, Rachel M / Newbury, Joanne B / Odgers, Candice L / Schaefer, Jonathan D / Fisher, Helen L

    JAMA network open

    2021  Volume 4, Issue 4, Page(s) e217508

    Abstract: Importance: Air pollution exposure damages the brain, but its associations with the development of psychopathology are not fully characterized.: Objective: To assess whether air pollution exposure in childhood and adolescence is associated with ... ...

    Abstract Importance: Air pollution exposure damages the brain, but its associations with the development of psychopathology are not fully characterized.
    Objective: To assess whether air pollution exposure in childhood and adolescence is associated with greater psychopathology at 18 years of age.
    Design, setting, and participants: The Environmental-Risk Longitudinal Twin Study is a population-based cohort study of 2232 children born from January 1, 1994, to December 4, 1995, across England and Wales and followed up to 18 years of age. Pollution data generation was completed on April 22, 2020; data were analyzed from April 27 to July 31, 2020.
    Exposures: High-resolution annualized estimates of outdoor nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) linked to home addresses at the ages of 10 and 18 years and then averaged.
    Main outcomes and measures: Mental health disorder symptoms assessed through structured interview at 18 years of age and transformed through confirmatory factor analysis into continuous measures of general psychopathology (primary outcome) and internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorder symptoms (secondary outcomes) standardized to a mean (SD) of 100 (15). Hypotheses were formulated after data collection, and analyses were preregistered.
    Results: A total of 2039 participants (1070 [52.5%] female) had full data available. After adjustment for family and individual factors, each interquartile range increment increase in NOx exposure was associated with a 1.40-point increase (95% CI, 0.41-2.38; P = .005) in general psychopathology. There was no association between continuously measured PM2.5 and general psychopathology (b = 0.45; 95% CI, -0.26 to 1.11; P = .22); however, those in the highest quartile of PM2.5 exposure scored 2.04 points higher (95% CI, 0.36-3.72; P = .02) than those in the bottom 3 quartiles. Copollutant models, including both NOx and PM2.5, implicated NOx alone in these significant findings. NOx exposure was associated with all secondary outcomes, although associations were weakest for internalizing (adjusted b = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.10-2.04; P = .03), medium for externalizing (adjusted b = 1.42; 95% CI, 0.53-2.31; P = .002), and strongest for thought disorder symptoms (adjusted b = 1.54; 95% CI, 0.50-2.57; P = .004). Despite NOx concentrations being highest in neighborhoods with worse physical, social, and economic conditions, adjusting estimates for neighborhood characteristics did not change the results.
    Conclusions and relevance: Youths exposed to higher levels of outdoor NOx experienced greater psychopathology at the transition to adulthood. Air pollution may be a nonspecific risk factor for the development of psychopathology.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Air Pollution ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/epidemiology ; Child ; Conduct Disorder/epidemiology ; Depressive Disorder/epidemiology ; England/epidemiology ; Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Nitrogen Oxides ; Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Wales/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Nitrogen Oxides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2574-3805
    ISSN (online) 2574-3805
    DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.7508
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Air Pollution and Subtypes, Severity and Vulnerability to Ischemic Stroke-A Population Based Case-Crossover Study.

    Maheswaran, Ravi / Pearson, Tim / Beevers, Sean D / Campbell, Michael J / Wolfe, Charles D

    PloS one

    2016  Volume 11, Issue 6, Page(s) e0158556

    Abstract: Background and purpose: Few studies have examined the association between air pollutants and ischemic stroke subtypes. We examined acute effects of outdoor air pollutants (PM10, NO2, O3, CO, SO2) on subtypes and severity of incident ischemic stroke and ... ...

    Abstract Background and purpose: Few studies have examined the association between air pollutants and ischemic stroke subtypes. We examined acute effects of outdoor air pollutants (PM10, NO2, O3, CO, SO2) on subtypes and severity of incident ischemic stroke and investigated if pre-existing risk factors increased susceptibility.
    Methods: We used a time stratified case-crossover study and stroke cases from the South London Stroke Register set up to capture all incident cases of first ever stroke occurring amongst residents in a geographically defined area. The Oxford clinical and TOAST etiological classifications were used to classify subtypes. A pragmatic clinical classification system was used to assess severity. Air pollution concentrations from the nearest background air pollution monitoring stations to patients' residential postcode centroids were used. Lags from 0 to 6 days were investigated.
    Results: There were 2590 incident cases of ischemic stroke (1995-2006). While there were associations at various lag times with several pollutants, overall, there was no consistent pattern between exposure and risk of ischemic stroke subtypes or severity. The possible exception was the association between NO2 exposure and small vessel disease stroke-adjusted odds ratio of 1.51 (1.12-2.02) associated with an inter-quartile range increase in the lag 0-6 day average for NO2. There were no clear associations in relation to pre-existing risk factors.
    Conclusions: Overall, we found little consistent evidence of association between air pollutants and ischemic stroke subtypes and severity. There was however a suggestion that increasing NO2 exposure might be associated with higher risk of stroke caused by cerebrovascular small vessel disease.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Air Pollutants/adverse effects ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Brain Ischemia/diagnosis ; Brain Ischemia/epidemiology ; Brain Ischemia/etiology ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Environmental Monitoring ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; London ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; Stroke/diagnosis ; Stroke/epidemiology ; Stroke/etiology
    Chemical Substances Air Pollutants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0158556
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  8. Article: Impacts of air pollution and noise on risk of preterm birth and stillbirth in London

    Smith, Rachel B / Anderson, H. Ross / Beevers, Sean D / Blangiardo, Marta / Dajnak, David / Douglass, Margaret / Fecht, Daniela / Gulliver, John / Hansell, Anna L / Kelly, Frank J / Toledano, Mireille B

    Environment international. 2020 Jan., v. 134

    2020  

    Abstract: Evidence for associations between ambient air pollution and preterm birth and stillbirth is inconsistent. Road traffic produces both air pollutants and noise, but few studies have examined these co-exposures together and none to date with all-cause or ... ...

    Abstract Evidence for associations between ambient air pollution and preterm birth and stillbirth is inconsistent. Road traffic produces both air pollutants and noise, but few studies have examined these co-exposures together and none to date with all-cause or cause-specific stillbirths.To analyse the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and noise at address level during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth and stillbirth.The study population comprised 581,774 live and still births in the Greater London area, 2006–2010. Outcomes were preterm birth (<37 completed weeks gestation), all-cause stillbirth and cause-specific stillbirth. Exposures during pregnancy to particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and <10 μm (PM10), ozone (O3), primary traffic air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, PM2.5 from traffic exhaust and traffic non-exhaust), and road traffic noise were estimated based on maternal address at birth.An interquartile range increase in O3 exposure was associated with elevated risk of preterm birth (OR 1.15 95% CI: 1.11, 1.18, for both Trimester 1 and 2), all-cause stillbirth (Trimester 1 OR 1.17 95% CI: 1.07, 1.27; Trimester 2 OR 1.20 95% CI: 1.09, 1.32) and asphyxia-related stillbirth (Trimester 1 OR 1.22 95% CI: 1.01, 1.49). Odds ratios with the other air pollutant exposures examined were null or <1, except for primary traffic non-exhaust related PM2.5, which was associated with 3% increased odds of preterm birth (Trimester 1) and 7% increased odds stillbirth (Trimester 1 and 2) when adjusted for O3. Elevated risk of preterm birth was associated with increasing road traffic noise, but only after adjustment for certain air pollutant exposures.Our findings suggest that exposure to higher levels of O3 and primary traffic non-exhaust related PM2.5 during pregnancy may increase risk of preterm birth and stillbirth; and a possible relationship between long-term traffic-related noise and risk of preterm birth. These findings extend and strengthen the evidence base for important public health impacts of ambient ozone, particulate matter and noise in early life.
    Keywords air pollutants ; air pollution ; chronic exposure ; fetal death ; nitrogen dioxide ; odds ratio ; ozone ; particulates ; pregnancy ; premature birth ; public health ; risk ; traffic
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-01
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105290
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Comparing the performance of air pollution models for nitrogen dioxide and ozone in the context of a multilevel epidemiological analysis.

    Butland, Barbara K / Samoli, Evangelia / Atkinson, Richard W / Barratt, Benjamin / Beevers, Sean D / Kitwiroon, Nutthida / Dimakopoulou, Konstantina / Rodopoulou, Sophia / Schwartz, Joel D / Katsouyanni, Klea

    Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)

    2020  Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) e093

    Abstract: Using modeled air pollutant predictions as exposure variables in epidemiological analyses can produce bias in health effect estimation. We used statistical simulation to estimate these biases and compare different air pollution models for London.: ... ...

    Abstract Using modeled air pollutant predictions as exposure variables in epidemiological analyses can produce bias in health effect estimation. We used statistical simulation to estimate these biases and compare different air pollution models for London.
    Methods: Our simulations were based on a sample of 1,000 small geographical areas within London, United Kingdom. "True" pollutant data (daily mean nitrogen dioxide [NO
    Results: For the LUR models, bias estimates ranged from -56% to +7% for short-term exposure and -98% to -68% for long-term exposure and for the dispersion models from -33% to -15% and -52% to +0.5%, respectively. Hybrid1 provided little if any additional benefit, but hybrid2 appeared optimal in terms of bias estimates for short-term (-17% to +11%) and long-term (-28% to +11%) exposure and in preserving coverage probability and statistical power.
    Conclusions: Although exposure error can produce substantial negative bias (i.e., towards the null), combining outputs from different air pollution modeling approaches may reduce bias in health effect estimation leading to improved impact evaluation of abatement policies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2474-7882
    ISSN (online) 2474-7882
    DOI 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000093
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  10. Article ; Online: The impact of measurement error in modeled ambient particles exposures on health effect estimates in multilevel analysis: A simulation study.

    Samoli, Evangelia / Butland, Barbara K / Rodopoulou, Sophia / Atkinson, Richard W / Barratt, Benjamin / Beevers, Sean D / Beddows, Andrew / Dimakopoulou, Konstantina / Schwartz, Joel D / Yazdi, Mahdieh Danesh / Katsouyanni, Klea

    Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)

    2020  Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) e094

    Abstract: Various spatiotemporal models have been proposed for predicting ambient particulate exposure for inclusion in epidemiological analyses. We investigated the effect of measurement error in the prediction of particulate matter with diameter <10 µm (PM: ... ...

    Abstract Various spatiotemporal models have been proposed for predicting ambient particulate exposure for inclusion in epidemiological analyses. We investigated the effect of measurement error in the prediction of particulate matter with diameter <10 µm (PM
    Methods: We sampled 1,000 small administrative areas in London, United Kingdom, and simulated the "true" underlying daily exposure surfaces for PM
    Results: For long-term exposure to particles, we observed bias toward the null, except for traffic PM
    Conclusions: No single exposure model performed optimally across scenarios. In most cases, measurement error resulted in attenuation of the effect estimate.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2474-7882
    ISSN (online) 2474-7882
    DOI 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000094
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