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  1. Article ; Online: Optimizing Plasmodium vivax serological surveillance within a coendemic epidemiological landscape.

    Bei, Amy K / Cordy, Regina J

    Trends in parasitology

    2022  Volume 38, Issue 10, Page(s) 829–830

    Abstract: Serological surveillance is a useful tool for revealing hotspots of transmission intensity or cryptic asymptomatic reservoirs, especially as malaria transmission declines. Such approaches can help us to understand malaria epidemiology, but also to guide ... ...

    Abstract Serological surveillance is a useful tool for revealing hotspots of transmission intensity or cryptic asymptomatic reservoirs, especially as malaria transmission declines. Such approaches can help us to understand malaria epidemiology, but also to guide interventions. Recently, Longley et al. refined a panel for Plasmodium vivax serological surveillance to aid in malaria elimination.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Malaria ; Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology ; Malaria, Vivax/epidemiology ; Malaria, Vivax/prevention & control ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Plasmodium vivax
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2036227-4
    ISSN 1471-5007 ; 1471-4922
    ISSN (online) 1471-5007
    ISSN 1471-4922
    DOI 10.1016/j.pt.2022.08.008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Optimizing Plasmodium vivax serological surveillance within a coendemic epidemiological landscape

    Bei, Amy K. / Cordy, Regina J.

    Trends in parasitology. 2022,

    2022  

    Abstract: Serological surveillance is a useful tool for revealing hotspots of transmission intensity or cryptic asymptomatic reservoirs, especially as malaria transmission declines. Such approaches can help us to understand malaria epidemiology, but also to guide ... ...

    Abstract Serological surveillance is a useful tool for revealing hotspots of transmission intensity or cryptic asymptomatic reservoirs, especially as malaria transmission declines. Such approaches can help us to understand malaria epidemiology, but also to guide interventions. Recently, Longley et al. refined a panel for Plasmodium vivax serological surveillance to aid in malaria elimination.
    Keywords Plasmodium vivax ; epidemiology ; landscapes ; malaria ; monitoring ; parasitology
    Language English
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 2036227-4
    ISSN 1471-5007 ; 1471-4922
    ISSN (online) 1471-5007
    ISSN 1471-4922
    DOI 10.1016/j.pt.2022.08.008
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Leveraging genome editing to functionally evaluate Plasmodium diversity

    Thiam, Laty Gaye / Mangou, Khadidiatou / Ba, Aboubacar / Mbengue, Alassane / Bei, Amy K.

    Trends in parasitology. 2022,

    2022  

    Abstract: The ambitious goal of malaria elimination requires an in-depth understanding of the parasite’s biology to counter the growing threat of antimalarial resistance and immune evasion. Timely assessment of the functional impact of antigenic diversity in the ... ...

    Abstract The ambitious goal of malaria elimination requires an in-depth understanding of the parasite’s biology to counter the growing threat of antimalarial resistance and immune evasion. Timely assessment of the functional impact of antigenic diversity in the early stages of vaccine development will be critical for achieving the goal of malaria control, elimination, and, ultimately, eradication. Recent advances in targeted genome editing enabled the functional validation of resistance-associated markers in Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria causing pathogen and strain-specific immune neutralization. This review explores recent advances made in leveraging genome editing to aid the functional evaluation of Plasmodium diversity and highlights how these techniques can assist in prioritizing both therapeutic and vaccine candidates.
    Keywords Plasmodium falciparum ; antigenic variation ; antimalarials ; genome ; immune evasion ; malaria ; neutralization ; parasites ; parasitology ; pathogens ; therapeutics ; vaccine development ; vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 2036227-4
    ISSN 1471-5007 ; 1471-4922
    ISSN (online) 1471-5007
    ISSN 1471-4922
    DOI 10.1016/j.pt.2022.03.005
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Leveraging genome editing to functionally evaluate Plasmodium diversity.

    Thiam, Laty Gaye / Mangou, Khadidiatou / Ba, Aboubacar / Mbengue, Alassane / Bei, Amy K

    Trends in parasitology

    2022  Volume 38, Issue 7, Page(s) 558–571

    Abstract: The ambitious goal of malaria elimination requires an in-depth understanding of the parasite's biology to counter the growing threat of antimalarial resistance and immune evasion. Timely assessment of the functional impact of antigenic diversity in the ... ...

    Abstract The ambitious goal of malaria elimination requires an in-depth understanding of the parasite's biology to counter the growing threat of antimalarial resistance and immune evasion. Timely assessment of the functional impact of antigenic diversity in the early stages of vaccine development will be critical for achieving the goal of malaria control, elimination, and ultimately eradication. Recent advances in targeted genome editing enabled the functional validation of resistance-associated markers in Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria-causing pathogen and strain-specific immune neutralization. This review explores recent advances made in leveraging genome editing to aid the functional evaluation of Plasmodium diversity and highlights how these techniques can assist in prioritizing both therapeutic and vaccine candidates.
    MeSH term(s) Gene Editing ; Humans ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy ; Plasmodium/genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2036227-4
    ISSN 1471-5007 ; 1471-4922
    ISSN (online) 1471-5007
    ISSN 1471-4922
    DOI 10.1016/j.pt.2022.03.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Mapping partner drug resistance to guide antimalarial combination therapy policies in sub-Saharan Africa.

    Ehrlich, Hanna Y / Bei, Amy K / Weinberger, Daniel M / Warren, Joshua L / Parikh, Sunil

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2021  Volume 118, Issue 29

    Abstract: Resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) threatens the global control ... ...

    Abstract Resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) threatens the global control of
    MeSH term(s) Africa South of the Sahara ; Antimalarials/pharmacology ; Artemisinins/pharmacology ; Bayes Theorem ; Drug Resistance ; Genotype ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Mutation ; Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum/metabolism ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics ; Protozoan Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antimalarials ; Artemisinins ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; Protozoan Proteins ; artemisinin (9RMU91N5K2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2100685118
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Tracking antimalarial drug resistance using mosquito blood meals: a cross-sectional study.

    Ehrlich, Hanna Y / Somé, A Fabrice / Bazié, Thomas / Ebou, Cathérine Neya / Dembélé, Estelle Lotio / Balma, Richard / Goodwin, Justin / Wade, Martina / Bei, Amy K / Ouédraogo, Jean-Bosco / Foy, Brian D / Dabiré, Roch K / Parikh, Sunil

    The Lancet. Microbe

    2023  Volume 4, Issue 6, Page(s) e461–e469

    Abstract: Background: Strong surveillance systems with wide geographic coverage are needed to detect and respond to reports of antimalarial drug resistance on the African continent. We aimed to assess the utility and feasibility of using blood-fed mosquitos ( ... ...

    Abstract Background: Strong surveillance systems with wide geographic coverage are needed to detect and respond to reports of antimalarial drug resistance on the African continent. We aimed to assess the utility and feasibility of using blood-fed mosquitos (xenomonitoring) to conduct rapid surveillance of molecular markers associated with resistance in human populations.
    Methods: We conducted three cross-sectional surveys in two rainy seasons and the interim dry season in southwest Burkina Faso between Oct 10, 2018, and Sept 17, 2019. We collected human blood samples and blood-fed mosquitos residing in household clusters across seven village sectors. Samples were assessed for Plasmodium falciparum with ultrasensitive quantitative PCR, genotyped for two markers of reduced drug susceptibility, pfmdr1 256A>T (Asn86Tyr) and pfcrt 227A>C (Lys76Thr), and sequenced for four markers of clonality. We assessed statistical equivalence using a 10% margin of equivalence.
    Findings: We identified 551 infections in 1483 human blood samples (mean multiplicity of infection [MOI] 1·94, SD 1·47) and 346 infections in 2151 mosquito blood meals (mean MOI 2·2, SD 1·67). The frequency of pfmdr1 Asn86Tyr was 4% in survey 1, 2% in survey 2, and 12% in survey 3 in human samples, and 3% in survey 1, 0% in survey 2, and 8% in survey 3 in mosquito blood meals, and inter-host frequencies were statistically equivalent in surveys 1 and 2 (p<0·0001) but not Survey 3 (p=0·062) within a tolerability of 0·10. The frequency of pfcrt Lys76Thr was 16% in survey 1, 55% in survey 2, and 11% in survey 3 in humans and 40% in survey 1, 72% in survey 2, and 13% in survey 3 in mosquitos, and inter-host frequencies were equivalent in survey 3 only (p=0·032) within a tolerability of 0·10. In simulations, multiple but not preferential feeding behaviour in mosquitos reduced the accuracy of frequency estimates between hosts, particularly for markers circulating at higher frequencies.
    Interpretation: Molecular markers in mosquito blood meals and in humans exhibited similar temporal trends but frequencies were not statistically equivalent in all scenarios. More work is needed to determine empirical and pragmatic thresholds of difference. Xenomonitoring might be an efficient tool to provide rapid information on emerging antimalarial resistance in regions with insufficient surveillance.
    Funding: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
    Translation: For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Antimalarials/pharmacology ; Antimalarials/therapeutic use ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Culicidae ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Folic Acid Antagonists
    Chemical Substances Antimalarials ; Folic Acid Antagonists
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2666-5247
    ISSN (online) 2666-5247
    DOI 10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00063-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Two mosquito salivary antigens demonstrate promise as biomarkers of recent exposure to

    Lapidus, Sarah / Goheen, Morgan M / Sy, Mouhamad / Deme, Awa B / Ndiaye, Ibrahima Mbaye / Diedhiou, Younous / Mbaye, Amadou Moctar / Hagadorn, Kelly A / Sene, Seynabou Diouf / Pouye, Mariama Nicole / Thiam, Laty Gaye / Ba, Aboubacar / Guerra, Noemi / Mbengue, Alassane / Raduwan, Hamidah / Vigan-Womas, Inés / Parikh, Sunil / Ko, Albert I / Ndiaye, Daouda /
    Fikrig, Erol / Chuang, Yu-Min / Bei, Amy K

    medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Measuring malaria transmission intensity using the traditional entomological inoculation rate is difficult. Antibody responses to mosquito salivary proteins such as SG6 have previously been used as biomarkers of exposure to : Methods: We ... ...

    Abstract Background: Measuring malaria transmission intensity using the traditional entomological inoculation rate is difficult. Antibody responses to mosquito salivary proteins such as SG6 have previously been used as biomarkers of exposure to
    Methods: We tested population-level human immune responses in longitudinal and cross-sectional plasma samples from individuals with known
    Results: AgSAP and AgTRIO were the best indicators of recent exposure to infected mosquitoes. Antibody responses to AgSAP, in a moderate endemic area, and to AgTRIO in both low and moderate endemic areas, were significantly higher than responses in a healthy non-endemic control cohort (p-values = 0.0245, 0.0064, and <0.0001 respectively). No antibody responses significantly differed between the low and moderate transmission area, or between equivalent groups during and outside the malaria transmission seasons. For AgSAP and AgTRIO, reactivity peaked 2-4 weeks after clinical
    Discussion: Reactivity to both AgSAP and AgTRIO peaked after infection and did not differ seasonally nor between areas of low and moderate transmission, suggesting reactivity is likely reflective of exposure to infectious mosquitos or recent biting rather than general mosquito exposure. Kinetics suggest reactivity is relatively short-lived. AgSAP and AgTRIO are promising candidates to incorporate into multiplexed assays for serosurveillance of population-level changes in
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.04.20.24305430
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Functional analysis of erythrocyte determinants of Plasmodium infection.

    Bei, Amy K / Duraisingh, Manoj T

    International journal for parasitology

    2012  Volume 42, Issue 6, Page(s) 575–582

    Abstract: The Plasmodium falciparum parasite is an obligate intracellular pathogen whose invasion and remodelling of the human erythrocyte results in the clinical manifestations of malarial disease. The functional analysis of erythrocyte determinants of invasion ... ...

    Abstract The Plasmodium falciparum parasite is an obligate intracellular pathogen whose invasion and remodelling of the human erythrocyte results in the clinical manifestations of malarial disease. The functional analysis of erythrocyte determinants of invasion and growth is a relatively unexplored frontier in malaria research, encompassing studies of natural variation of the erythrocyte, as well as genomic, biochemical and chemical biological and transgenic approaches. These studies have allowed the functional analysis of the erythrocyte in vitro, resulting in the discovery of critical erythrocyte determinants of Plasmodium infection. Here, we will focus on the varied approaches used for the study of the erythrocyte in Plasmodium infection, with a particular emphasis on erythrocyte invasion.
    MeSH term(s) Endocytosis ; Erythrocytes/parasitology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Malaria/parasitology ; Malaria/pathology ; Models, Biological ; Plasmodium falciparum/pathogenicity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-04-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 120518-3
    ISSN 1879-0135 ; 0020-7519
    ISSN (online) 1879-0135
    ISSN 0020-7519
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.03.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Routine saliva testing for SARS-CoV-2 in children: Methods for partnering with community childcare centers.

    Rayack, Erica J / Askari, Hibah Mahwish / Zirinsky, Elissa / Lapidus, Sarah / Sheikha, Hassan / Peno, Chikondi / Kazemi, Yasaman / Yolda-Carr, Devyn / Liu, Chen / Grubaugh, Nathan D / Ko, Albert I / Wyllie, Anne L / Spatz, Erica S / Oliveira, Carlos R / Bei, Amy K

    Frontiers in public health

    2023  Volume 11, Page(s) 1003158

    Abstract: While considerable attention was placed on SARS-CoV-2 testing and surveillance programs in the K-12 setting, younger age groups in childcare centers were largely overlooked. Childcare facilities are vital to communities, allowing parents/guardians to ... ...

    Abstract While considerable attention was placed on SARS-CoV-2 testing and surveillance programs in the K-12 setting, younger age groups in childcare centers were largely overlooked. Childcare facilities are vital to communities, allowing parents/guardians to remain at work and providing safe environments for both children and staff. Therefore, early in the COVID-19 pandemic (October 2020), we established a PCR-based COVID-19 surveillance program in childcare facilities, testing children and staff with the goal of collecting actionable public health data and aiding communities in the progressive resumption of standard operations and ways of life. In this study we describe the development of a weekly saliva testing program and provide early results from our experience implementing this in childcare centers. We enrolled children (aged 6 months to 7 years) and staff at seven childcare facilities and trained participants in saliva collection using video chat technology. Weekly surveys were sent out to assess exposures, symptoms, and vaccination status changes. Participants submitted weekly saliva samples at school. Samples were transported to a partnering clinical laboratory or RT-PCR testing using SalivaDirect and results were uploaded to each participant's online patient portal within 24 h. SARS-CoV-2 screening and routine testing programs have focused less on the childcare population, resulting in knowledge gaps in this critical age group, especially as many are still ineligible for vaccination. SalivaDirect testing for SARS-CoV-2 provides a feasible method of asymptomatic screening and symptomatic testing for children and childcare center staff. Given the relative aversion to nasal swabs in younger age groups, an at-home saliva collection method provides an attractive alternative, especially as a routine surveillance tool. Results can be shared rapidly electronically through participants' private medical chart portals, and video chat technology allows for discussion and instruction between investigators and participants. This study fosters a cooperative partnership with participating childcare centers, parents/guardians, and staff with the goal of mitigating COVID-19 transmission in childcare centers. Age-related challenges in saliva collection can be overcome by working with parents/guardians to conceptualize new collection strategies and by offering parents/guardians continued virtual guidance and support.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Testing ; Saliva ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Child Care
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1003158
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  10. Article ; Online: Plasmodium falciparum genomic surveillance reveals spatial and temporal trends, association of genetic and physical distance, and household clustering.

    Sy, Mouhamad / Deme, Awa B / Warren, Joshua L / Early, Angela / Schaffner, Stephen / Daniels, Rachel F / Dieye, Baba / Ndiaye, Ibrahima Mbaye / Diedhiou, Younous / Mbaye, Amadou Moctar / Volkman, Sarah K / Hartl, Daniel L / Wirth, Dyann F / Ndiaye, Daouda / Bei, Amy K

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 938

    Abstract: Molecular epidemiology using genomic data can help identify relationships between malaria parasite population structure, malaria transmission intensity, and ultimately help generate actionable data to assess the effectiveness of malaria control ... ...

    Abstract Molecular epidemiology using genomic data can help identify relationships between malaria parasite population structure, malaria transmission intensity, and ultimately help generate actionable data to assess the effectiveness of malaria control strategies. Genomic data, coupled with geographic information systems data, can further identify clusters or hotspots of malaria transmission, parasite genetic and spatial connectivity, and parasite movement by human or mosquito mobility over time and space. In this study, we performed longitudinal genomic surveillance in a cohort of 70 participants over four years from different neighborhoods and households in Thiès, Senegal-a region of exceptionally low malaria transmission (entomological inoculation rate less than 1). Genetic identity (identity by state, IBS) was established using a 24-single nucleotide polymorphism molecular barcode, identity by descent was calculated from whole genome sequence data, and a hierarchical Bayesian regression model was used to establish genetic and spatial relationships. Our results show clustering of genetically similar parasites within households and a decline in genetic similarity of parasites with increasing distance. One household showed extremely high diversity and warrants further investigation as to the source of these diverse genetic types. This study illustrates the utility of genomic data with traditional epidemiological approaches for surveillance and detection of trends and patterns in malaria transmission not only by neighborhood but also by household. This approach can be implemented regionally and countrywide to strengthen and support malaria control and elimination efforts.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cluster Analysis ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Genome, Microbial/genetics ; Genomics/methods ; Genotype ; Humans ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Malaria/parasitology ; Malaria/transmission ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology ; Male ; Molecular Epidemiology/methods ; Physical Distancing ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Senegal/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-04572-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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