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Article: Properties of Neon, Magnesium, and Silicon Primary Cosmic Rays Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Aguilar, M / Ali Cavasonza, L / Ambrosi, G / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Barao, F / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Basegmez-du Pree, S / Battiston, R / Becker, U / Behlmann, M / Beischer, B / Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B / Bindi, V / de Boer, W / Bollweg, K / Borgia, B /

Phys Rev Lett

Abstract: We report the observation of new properties of primary cosmic rays, neon (Ne), magnesium (Mg), and silicon (Si), measured in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV with 1.8×10^{6} Ne, 2.2×10^{6} Mg, and 1.6×10^{6} Si nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic ... ...

Abstract	We report the observation of new properties of primary cosmic rays, neon (Ne), magnesium (Mg), and silicon (Si), measured in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV with 1.8×10^{6} Ne, 2.2×10^{6} Mg, and 1.6×10^{6} Si nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. The Ne and Mg spectra have identical rigidity dependence above 3.65 GV. The three spectra have identical rigidity dependence above 86.5 GV, deviate from a single power law above 200 GV, and harden in an identical way. Unexpectedly, above 86.5 GV the rigidity dependence of primary cosmic rays Ne, Mg, and Si spectra is different from the rigidity dependence of primary cosmic rays He, C, and O. This shows that the Ne, Mg, and Si and He, C, and O are two different classes of primary cosmic rays.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32530660
Database	COVID19

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Book ; Thesis: Radioimmunologische und Immunfluoreszenzoptische Untersuchungen von Anti-DNS Antikörpern bei Patienten mit Lupus erythematodes dissemanatus (LED)

Beischer, Barbara

1976

Language	Undetermined
Size	45, 9 S, graph. Darst. u. Tab
Document type	Book ; Thesis
Thesis / German Habilitation thesis	@Ulm, Diss. : 1976
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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Article: Insulin therapy in relation to circulating C-peptide levels.

Beischer, W / Kerner, W / Raptis, S / Keller, L / Beischer, B / Pfeiffer, E F

Diabetes

1978 Volume 27 Suppl 1, Page(s) 235–240

MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; C-Peptide/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Glyburide ; Humans ; Insulin/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptides/blood ; Radioimmunoassay
Chemical Substances	C-Peptide ; Insulin ; Peptides ; Glyburide (SX6K58TVWC)
Language	English
Publishing date	1978
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80085-5
ISSN	1939-327X ; 0012-1797
ISSN (online)	1939-327X
ISSN	0012-1797
DOI	10.2337/diab.27.1.s235
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Article ; Online: Properties of Neon, Magnesium, and Silicon Primary Cosmic Rays Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

Aguilar, M / Ali Cavasonza, L / Ambrosi, G / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Barao, F / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Başeğmez-du Pree, S / Battiston, R / Becker, U / Behlmann, M / Beischer, B / Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B / Bindi, V / de Boer, W / Bollweg, K / Borgia, B /

Boschini, M J / Bourquin, M / Bueno, E F / Burger, J / Burger, W J / Burmeister, S / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chang, Y H / Chen, G M / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Chouridou, S / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / Dai, Y M / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Di Felice, V / Díaz, C / Dimiccoli, F / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Freeman, C / Galaktionov, Y / Gámez, C / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gebauer, I / Gervasi, M / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grabski, V / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Guo, K H / Haino, S / Han, K C / Hashmani, R K / He, Z H / Heber, B / Hsieh, T H / Hu, J Y / Huang, Z C / Incagli, M / Jang, W Y / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Kanishev, K / Khiali, B / Kim, G N / Kirn, Th / Konyushikhin, M / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Kuhlman, A / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lebedev, A / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Li, J Q / Li, M / Li, Q / Li, S / Li, T X / Li, Z H / Light, C / Lin, C H / Lippert, T / Liu, Z / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, J Z / Lyu, S S / Machate, F / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Marquardt, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Mo, D C / Molero, M / Mott, P / Mussolin, L / Ni, J Q / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Paniccia, M / Pashnin, A / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Phan, H D / Piandani, R / Plyaskin, V / Poluianov, S / Qi, X M / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Quadrani, L / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Reina Conde, A / Rosier-Lees, S / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Schael, S / Schmidt, S M / Schulz von Dratzig, A / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shan, B S / Shi, J Y / Siedenburg, T / Solano, C / Sonnabend, R / Song, J W / Sun, Q / Sun, Z T / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tian, J / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Tüysüz, C / Urban, T / Usoskin, I / Vagelli, V / Vainio, R / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Vázquez Acosta, M / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Wallmann, C / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, S / Wang, X / Wang, Z X / Wei, J / Weng, Z L / Wu, H / Xiong, R Q / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, Y / Yi, H / Yu, Y J / Yu, Z Q / Zannoni, M / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, F Z / Zhang, J H / Zhang, Z / Zhao, F / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zimmermann, N / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2020 Volume 124, Issue 21, Page(s) 211102

Abstract	We report the observation of new properties of primary cosmic rays, neon (Ne), magnesium (Mg), and silicon (Si), measured in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV with 1.8×10^{6} Ne, 2.2×10^{6} Mg, and 1.6×10^{6} Si nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. The Ne and Mg spectra have identical rigidity dependence above 3.65 GV. The three spectra have identical rigidity dependence above 86.5 GV, deviate from a single power law above 200 GV, and harden in an identical way. Unexpectedly, above 86.5 GV the rigidity dependence of primary cosmic rays Ne, Mg, and Si spectra is different from the rigidity dependence of primary cosmic rays He, C, and O. This shows that the Ne, Mg, and Si and He, C, and O are two different classes of primary cosmic rays.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.211102
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Properties of Iron Primary Cosmic Rays: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

Aguilar, M / Cavasonza, L Ali / Allen, M S / Alpat, B / Ambrosi, G / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Barao, F / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Başeğmez-du Pree, S / Battiston, R / Behlmann, M / Beischer, B / Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B / Bindi, V / de Boer, W / Bollweg, K /

Borgia, B / Boschini, M J / Bourquin, M / Bueno, E F / Burger, J / Burger, W J / Burmeister, S / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chang, Y H / Chen, G M / Chen, G R / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Chouridou, S / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Di Felice, V / Díaz, C / Dimiccoli, F / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Freeman, C / Galaktionov, Y / Gámez, C / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gervasi, M / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grabski, V / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Haino, S / Han, K C / Hashmani, R K / He, Z H / Heber, B / Hsieh, T H / Hu, J Y / Incagli, M / Jang, W Y / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Kanishev, K / Khiali, B / Kim, G N / Kirn, Th / Konyushikhin, M / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Kuhlman, A / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lebedev, A / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Li, J Q / Li, M / Li, Q / Li, S / Li, J H / Li, Z H / Liang, J / Light, C / Lin, C H / Lippert, T / Liu, J H / Liu, Z / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, J Z / Luo, Xi / Lyu, S S / Machate, F / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Marquardt, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Mikhailov, V V / Mo, D C / Molero, M / Mott, P / Mussolin, L / Negrete, J / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Paniccia, M / Pashnin, A / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Phan, H D / Piandani, R / Plyaskin, V / Poluianov, S / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Quadrani, L / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Conde, A Reina / Robyn, E / Rosier-Lees, S / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Schael, S / von Dratzig, A Schulz / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shakfa, Z / Shan, B S / Siedenburg, T / Solano, C / Song, J W / Song, X J / Sonnabend, R / Strigari, L / Su, T / Sun, Q / Sun, Z T / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tian, J / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Tüysüz, C / Urban, T / Usoskin, I / Vagelli, V / Vainio, R / Valencia-Otero, M / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Vázquez Acosta, M / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Wang, C X / Wang, L / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, S / Wang, X / Wang, Yu / Wang, Z M / Wei, J / Weng, Z L / Wu, H / Xiong, R Q / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, Y / Yashin, I I / Yi, H / Yu, Y M / Yu, Z Q / Zannoni, M / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, F Z / Zhang, J H / Zhang, Z / Zhao, F / Zheng, C / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zimmermann, N / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2021 Volume 126, Issue 4, Page(s) 41104

Abstract: We report the observation of new properties of primary iron (Fe) cosmic rays in the rigidity range 2.65 GV to 3.0 TV with 0.62×10^{6} iron nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. Above 80.5 GV ... ...

Abstract	We report the observation of new properties of primary iron (Fe) cosmic rays in the rigidity range 2.65 GV to 3.0 TV with 0.62×10^{6} iron nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. Above 80.5 GV the rigidity dependence of the cosmic ray Fe flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of the primary cosmic ray He, C, and O fluxes, with the Fe/O flux ratio being constant at 0.155±0.006. This shows that unexpectedly Fe and He, C, and O belong to the same class of primary cosmic rays which is different from the primary cosmic rays Ne, Mg, and Si class.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.041104
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Properties of Cosmic Helium Isotopes Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

Aguilar, M / Ali Cavasonza, L / Ambrosi, G / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Bachlechner, A / Barao, F / Barrau, A / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Başeğmez-du Pree, S / Battiston, R / Becker, U / Behlmann, M / Beischer, B / Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B / Bindi, V / de Boer, W /

Bollweg, K / Borgia, B / Boschini, M J / Bourquin, M / Bueno, E F / Burger, J / Burger, W J / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Caroff, S / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chang, Y H / Chen, G M / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / Dai, Y M / Datta, A / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Di Felice, V / Díaz, C / Dimiccoli, F / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Galaktionov, Y / Gámez, C / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gebauer, I / Gervasi, M / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grabski, V / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Guo, K H / Haino, S / Han, K C / He, Z H / Hsieh, T H / Huang, H / Huang, Z C / Incagli, M / Jang, W Y / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Kanishev, K / Khiali, B / Kim, G N / Kirn, Th / Konyushikhin, M / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lebedev, A / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Li, J Q / Li, Q / Li, T X / Li, Z H / Light, C / Lin, C H / Lippert, T / Liu, Z / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, F / Luo, J Z / Luo, Xi / Lyu, S S / Machate, F / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Mo, D C / Molero, M / Mott, P / Mussolin, L / Nelson, T / Ni, J Q / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Paniccia, M / Pashnin, A / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Phan, H D / Plyaskin, V / Poireau, V / Poluianov, S / Popkow, A / Qi, X M / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Quadrani, L / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Reina Conde, A / Rosier-Lees, S / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Schael, S / Schmidt, S M / Schulz von Dratzig, A / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shan, B S / Shi, J Y / Siedenburg, T / Solano, C / Song, J W / Sun, Z T / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tian, J / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Tüysüz, C / Urban, T / Usoskin, I / Vagelli, V / Vainio, R / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Vázquez Acosta, M / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, X / Wang, X Q / Wang, Z X / Wei, J / Weng, Z L / Wu, H / Xiong, R Q / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, Y / Yi, H / Yu, Y J / Yu, Z Q / Zannoni, M / Zeissler, S / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, J H / Zhang, Z / Zhao, F / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zimmermann, N / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2019 Volume 123, Issue 18, Page(s) 181102

Abstract: Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station of ^{3}He and ^{4}He fluxes are presented. The measurements are based on 100 million ^{4}He nuclei in the rigidity range from 2.1 to 21 GV and 18 million ^{ ...

Abstract	Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station of ^{3}He and ^{4}He fluxes are presented. The measurements are based on 100 million ^{4}He nuclei in the rigidity range from 2.1 to 21 GV and 18 million ^{3}He from 1.9 to 15 GV collected from May 2011 to November 2017. We observed that the ^{3}He and ^{4}He fluxes exhibit nearly identical variations with time. The relative magnitude of the variations decreases with increasing rigidity. The rigidity dependence of the ^{3}He/^{4}He flux ratio is measured for the first time. Below 4 GV, the ^{3}He/^{4}He flux ratio was found to have a significant long-term time dependence. Above 4 GV, the ^{3}He/^{4}He flux ratio was found to be time independent, and its rigidity dependence is well described by a single power law ∝R^{Δ} with Δ=-0.294±0.004. Unexpectedly, this value is in agreement with the B/O and B/C spectral indices at high energies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.181102
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Towards Understanding the Origin of Cosmic-Ray Electrons.

Aguilar, M / Ali Cavasonza, L / Alpat, B / Ambrosi, G / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Azzarello, P / Bachlechner, A / Barao, F / Barrau, A / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Basara, L / Başeğmez-du Pree, S / Battiston, R / Becker, U / Behlmann, M / Beischer, B / Berdugo, J /

Bertucci, B / Bindi, V / de Boer, W / Bollweg, K / Borgia, B / Boschini, M J / Bourquin, M / Bueno, E F / Burger, J / Burger, W J / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Caroff, S / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chang, Y H / Chen, G M / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Crispoltoni, M / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / Dai, Y M / Datta, A / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Di Felice, V / Dimiccoli, F / Díaz, C / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Eronen, T / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Galaktionov, Y / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gebauer, I / Gervasi, M / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grabski, V / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Guo, K H / Haino, S / Han, K C / He, Z H / Heil, M / Hsieh, T H / Huang, H / Huang, Z C / Incagli, M / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Kanishev, K / Khiali, B / Kirn, Th / Konak, C / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lebedev, A / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Leluc, C / Li, J Q / Li, Q / Li, T X / Li, Z H / Light, C / Lin, C H / Lippert, T / Liu, F Z / Liu, Hu / Liu, Z / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, F / Luo, J Z / Luo, Xi / Lyu, S S / Machate, F / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Mo, D C / Molero, M / Mott, P / Mussolin, L / Nelson, T / Ni, J Q / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Paniccia, M / Pashnin, A / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Perrina, C / Phan, H D / Picot-Clemente, N / Plyaskin, V / Pohl, M / Poireau, V / Popkow, A / Quadrani, L / Qi, X M / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Conde, A Reina / Rosier-Lees, S / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Solano, C / Schael, S / Schmidt, S M / von Dratzig, A Schulz / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shan, B S / Shi, J Y / Siedenburg, T / Song, J W / Sun, Z T / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tian, J / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Urban, T / Vagelli, V / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Acosta, M Vázquez / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Vizán, J / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, X / Wang, X Q / Wang, Z X / Wei, J / Weng, Z L / Wu, H / Xiong, R Q / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, Y / Yi, H / Yu, Y J / Yu, Z Q / Zannoni, M / Zeissler, S / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, J H / Zhang, Z / Zhao, F / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zimmermann, N / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2019 Volume 122, Issue 10, Page(s) 101101

Abstract: Precision results on cosmic-ray electrons are presented in the energy range from 0.5 GeV to 1.4 TeV based on 28.1×10^{6} electrons collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. In the entire energy range the electron ... ...

Abstract	Precision results on cosmic-ray electrons are presented in the energy range from 0.5 GeV to 1.4 TeV based on 28.1×10^{6} electrons collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. In the entire energy range the electron and positron spectra have distinctly different magnitudes and energy dependences. The electron flux exhibits a significant excess starting from 42.1_{-5.2}^{+5.4} GeV compared to the lower energy trends, but the nature of this excess is different from the positron flux excess above 25.2±1.8 GeV. Contrary to the positron flux, which has an exponential energy cutoff of 810_{-180}^{+310} GeV, at the 5σ level the electron flux does not have an energy cutoff below 1.9 TeV. In the entire energy range the electron flux is well described by the sum of two power law components. The different behavior of the cosmic-ray electrons and positrons measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer is clear evidence that most high energy electrons originate from different sources than high energy positrons.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.101101
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Article ; Online: Towards Understanding the Origin of Cosmic-Ray Positrons.

Aguilar, M / Ali Cavasonza, L / Ambrosi, G / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Azzarello, P / Bachlechner, A / Barao, F / Barrau, A / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Basara, L / Başeğmez-du Pree, S / Battiston, R / Becker, U / Behlmann, M / Beischer, B / Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B /

Bindi, V / de Boer, W / Bollweg, K / Borgia, B / Boschini, M J / Bourquin, M / Bueno, E F / Burger, J / Burger, W J / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Caroff, S / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chang, Y H / Chen, G M / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Crispoltoni, M / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / Dai, Y M / Datta, A / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Dimiccoli, F / Díaz, C / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Eronen, T / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Galaktionov, Y / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gebauer, I / Gervasi, M / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grabski, V / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Guo, K H / Haino, S / Han, K C / He, Z H / Heil, M / Hsieh, T H / Huang, H / Huang, Z C / Incagli, M / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Kanishev, K / Khiali, B / Kirn, Th / Konak, C / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lebedev, A / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Leluc, C / Li, J Q / Li, Q / Li, T X / Li, Z H / Light, C / Lin, C H / Lippert, T / Liu, F Z / Liu, Hu / Liu, Z / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, F / Luo, J Z / Luo, Xi / Lyu, S S / Machate, F / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Mo, D C / Molero, M / Mott, P / Mussolin, L / Nelson, T / Ni, J Q / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Paniccia, M / Pashnin, A / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Perrina, C / Phan, H D / Picot-Clemente, N / Plyaskin, V / Pohl, M / Poireau, V / Popkow, A / Quadrani, L / Qi, X M / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Conde, A Reina / Rosier-Lees, S / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Solano, C / Schael, S / Schmidt, S M / Schulz von Dratzig, A / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shan, B S / Shi, J Y / Siedenburg, T / Song, J W / Sun, Z T / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tian, J / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Urban, T / Vagelli, V / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Vázquez Acosta, M / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Vizán, J / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, X / Wang, X Q / Wang, Z X / Wei, J / Weng, Z L / Wu, H / Xiong, R Q / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, Y / Yi, H / Yu, Y J / Yu, Z Q / Zannoni, M / Zeissler, S / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, J H / Zhang, Z / Zhao, F / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zimmermann, N / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2019 Volume 122, Issue 4, Page(s) 41102

Abstract: Precision measurements of cosmic ray positrons are presented up to 1 TeV based on 1.9 million positrons collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. The positron flux exhibits complex energy dependence. Its distinctive ...

Abstract	Precision measurements of cosmic ray positrons are presented up to 1 TeV based on 1.9 million positrons collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. The positron flux exhibits complex energy dependence. Its distinctive properties are (a) a significant excess starting from 25.2±1.8 GeV compared to the lower-energy, power-law trend, (b) a sharp dropoff above 284_{-64}^{+91} GeV, (c) in the entire energy range the positron flux is well described by the sum of a term associated with the positrons produced in the collision of cosmic rays, which dominates at low energies, and a new source term of positrons, which dominates at high energies, and (d) a finite energy cutoff of the source term of E_{s}=810_{-180}^{+310} GeV is established with a significance of more than 4σ. These experimental data on cosmic ray positrons show that, at high energies, they predominantly originate either from dark matter annihilation or from other astrophysical sources.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.041102
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Humanes C-Peptid. Teil III:Sekretionsdynamik der Beta-Zellen erwachsener Diabetiker nach Glibenclamid-Glukose i.v. (Humanes C-Peptid, III).

Beischer, W / Raptis, S / Keller, L / Maas, M / Beischer, B / Feilen, K / Pfeiffer, E F

Klinische Wochenschrift

1978 Volume 56, Issue 3, Page(s) 111–120

Title translation	Human C-peptide. Part III: dynamics of secretion of beta-cells in adult diabetics following glibenclamide-glucose i.v. (human C-peptide III) (author's transl).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; C-Peptide/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology ; Female ; Glucose/administration & dosage ; Glyburide/administration & dosage ; Glyburide/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Insulin/therapeutic use ; Islets of Langerhans/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptides/metabolism ; Tablets
Chemical Substances	C-Peptide ; Insulin ; Peptides ; Tablets ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Glyburide (SX6K58TVWC)
Language	German
Publishing date	1978-02-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	200457-4
ISSN	0023-2173
ISSN	0023-2173
DOI	10.1007/bf01478566
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Article ; Online: Precision Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Nitrogen and its Primary and Secondary Components with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station.

Aguilar, M / Ali Cavasonza, L / Alpat, B / Ambrosi, G / Arruda, L / Attig, N / Aupetit, S / Azzarello, P / Bachlechner, A / Barao, F / Barrau, A / Barrin, L / Bartoloni, A / Basara, L / Başeğmez-du Pree, S / Battarbee, M / Battiston, R / Becker, U / Behlmann, M /

Beischer, B / Berdugo, J / Bertucci, B / Bindel, K F / Bindi, V / de Boer, W / Bollweg, K / Bonnivard, V / Borgia, B / Boschini, M J / Bourquin, M / Bueno, E F / Burger, J / Burger, W J / Cai, X D / Capell, M / Caroff, S / Casaus, J / Castellini, G / Cervelli, F / Chang, Y H / Chen, A I / Chen, G M / Chen, H S / Chen, Y / Cheng, L / Chou, H Y / Choumilov, E / Choutko, V / Chung, C H / Clark, C / Clavero, R / Coignet, G / Consolandi, C / Contin, A / Corti, C / Creus, W / Crispoltoni, M / Cui, Z / Dadzie, K / Dai, Y M / Datta, A / Delgado, C / Della Torre, S / Demirköz, M B / Derome, L / Di Falco, S / Dimiccoli, F / Díaz, C / von Doetinchem, P / Dong, F / Donnini, F / Duranti, M / Egorov, A / Eline, A / Eronen, T / Feng, J / Fiandrini, E / Fisher, P / Formato, V / Galaktionov, Y / Gallucci, G / García-López, R J / Gargiulo, C / Gast, H / Gebauer, I / Gervasi, M / Ghelfi, A / Giovacchini, F / Gómez-Coral, D M / Gong, J / Goy, C / Grabski, V / Grandi, D / Graziani, M / Guo, K H / Haino, S / Han, K C / He, Z H / Heil, M / Hsieh, T H / Huang, H / Huang, Z C / Incagli, M / Jia, Yi / Jinchi, H / Kanishev, K / Khiali, B / Kirn, Th / Konak, C / Kounina, O / Kounine, A / Koutsenko, V / Kulemzin, A / La Vacca, G / Laudi, E / Laurenti, G / Lazzizzera, I / Lebedev, A / Lee, H T / Lee, S C / Leluc, C / Li, H S / Li, J Q / Li, Q / Li, T X / Li, Z H / Li, Z Y / Lin, C H / Lipari, P / Lippert, T / Liu, D / Liu, Hu / Liu, Z / Lordello, V D / Lu, S Q / Lu, Y S / Luebelsmeyer, K / Luo, F / Luo, J Z / Lyu, S S / Machate, F / Mañá, C / Marín, J / Martin, T / Martínez, G / Masi, N / Maurin, D / Menchaca-Rocha, A / Meng, Q / Mikuni, V M / Mo, D C / Mott, P / Mussolin, L / Nelson, T / Ni, J Q / Nikonov, N / Nozzoli, F / Oliva, A / Orcinha, M / Palermo, M / Palmonari, F / Palomares, C / Paniccia, M / Pauluzzi, M / Pensotti, S / Perrina, C / Phan, H D / Picot-Clemente, N / Pilo, F / Plyaskin, V / Pohl, M / Poireau, V / Quadrani, L / Qi, X M / Qin, X / Qu, Z Y / Räihä, T / Rancoita, P G / Rapin, D / Ricol, J S / Rosier-Lees, S / Rozhkov, A / Rozza, D / Sagdeev, R / Schael, S / Schmidt, S M / Schulz von Dratzig, A / Schwering, G / Seo, E S / Shan, B S / Shi, J Y / Siedenburg, T / Song, J W / Tacconi, M / Tang, X W / Tang, Z C / Tescaro, D / Tian, J / Ting, Samuel C C / Ting, S M / Tomassetti, N / Torsti, J / Urban, T / Vagelli, V / Valente, E / Valtonen, E / Vázquez Acosta, M / Vecchi, M / Velasco, M / Vialle, J P / Wang, L Q / Wang, N H / Wang, Q L / Wang, X / Wang, X Q / Wang, Z X / Wei, C C / Wei, J / Weng, Z L / Whitman, K / Wu, H / Xiong, R Q / Xu, W / Yan, Q / Yang, M / Yang, Y / Yi, H / Yu, Y J / Yu, Z Q / Zannoni, M / Zeissler, S / Zhang, C / Zhang, F / Zhang, J / Zhang, J H / Zhang, S W / Zhang, Z / Zheng, Z M / Zhuang, H L / Zhukov, V / Zichichi, A / Zimmermann, N / Zuccon, P

Physical review letters

2018 Volume 121, Issue 5, Page(s) 51103

Abstract: A precision measurement of the nitrogen flux with rigidity (momentum per unit charge) from 2.2 GV to 3.3 TV based on 2.2×10^{6} events is presented. The detailed rigidity dependence of the nitrogen flux spectral index is presented for the first time. The ...

Abstract	A precision measurement of the nitrogen flux with rigidity (momentum per unit charge) from 2.2 GV to 3.3 TV based on 2.2×10^{6} events is presented. The detailed rigidity dependence of the nitrogen flux spectral index is presented for the first time. The spectral index rapidly hardens at high rigidities and becomes identical to the spectral indices of primary He, C, and O cosmic rays above ∼700 GV. We observed that the nitrogen flux Φ_{N} can be presented as the sum of its primary component Φ_{N}^{P} and secondary component Φ_{N}^{S}, Φ_{N}=Φ_{N}^{P}+Φ_{N}^{S}, and we found Φ_{N} is well described by the weighted sum of the oxygen flux Φ_{O} (primary cosmic rays) and the boron flux Φ_{B} (secondary cosmic rays), with Φ_{N}^{P}=(0.090±0.002)×Φ_{O} and Φ_{N}^{S}=(0.62±0.02)×Φ_{B} over the entire rigidity range. This corresponds to a change of the contribution of the secondary cosmic ray component in the nitrogen flux from 70% at a few GV to <30% above 1 TV.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051103
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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