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Article ; Online: Remote Sensing of the Subtropical Front in the Southeast Pacific and the Ecology of Chilean Jack Mackerel Trachurus murphyi

Belkin, Igor M. / Shen, Xin-Tang

Fishes. 2023 Jan. 02, v. 8, no. 1

2023

Abstract: The Subtropical Front (STF) plays a key role in the ecology of Chilean jack mackerel Trachurus murphyi. Nonetheless, there are few remote sensing studies of the STF in the open Southeast Pacific, and almost all of them have been conducted by satellite ... ...

Abstract	The Subtropical Front (STF) plays a key role in the ecology of Chilean jack mackerel Trachurus murphyi. Nonetheless, there are few remote sensing studies of the STF in the open Southeast Pacific, and almost all of them have been conducted by satellite oceanographers in Russia and Ukraine to support respective large-scale fisheries of jack mackerel in this region. We reviewed these studies that documented long-term seasonal and interannual variability of the STF from sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH) data. We also mapped the STF from satellite sea surface salinity (SSS) data of the SMOS mission (2012–2019). The Subtropical Front consists of two fronts–North and South STF about 500 km apart–that border the Subtropical Frontal Zone (STFZ) in-between. The STF is density-compensated, with spatially divergent manifestations in temperature and salinity. In the temperature field, the STF extends in the WNW to ESE direction in the Southeast Pacific. In the salinity field, the STFZ appears as a broad frontal zone, extending zonally across the entire South Pacific. Three major types of satellite data-SST, SSH, and SSS-can be used to locate the STF. The SSH data is most advantageous with regard to the jack mackerel fisheries, owing to the all-weather capability of satellite altimetry and the radical improvement of the spatial resolution of SSH data in the near future. Despite the dearth of dedicated in situ studies of the South Pacific STFZ, there is a broad consensus regarding the STFZ being the principal spawning and nursing ground of T. murphyi and a migration corridor between Chile and New Zealand. Major data/knowledge gaps are identified, and key next steps are proposed to mitigate the data/knowledge gaps and inform fisheries management.
Keywords	Russia ; Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite ; Trachurus murphyi ; ecology ; mackerel ; salinity ; satellite altimetry ; surface water temperature ; Chile ; New Zealand ; Ukraine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0102
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	2410-3888
DOI	10.3390/fishes8010029
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Conference proceedings: Special issue on observational studies of oceanic fronts

Belkin, Igor M

[... stemmed from presentations at two meetings: (1) 2005 IAPSO general assembly in Cairns, Australia (Special Session on Processes at Oceanic Fronts ...); and (2) 2006 AGU Ocean Sciences Meeting in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA (various sessions)]

(Journal of marine systems : Special issue ; 78.2009,3)

2009

Title variant	Observational studies of oceanic fronts
Institution	American Geophysical Union International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean
Event/congress	AGU Ocean Sciences Meeting (2006, HonoluluHawaii) ; IAPSO general assembly (2005, Cairns) ; Special Session on Processes at Oceanic Fronts (2005, Cairns)
Author's details	Ed. by Igor M. Belkin
Series title	Journal of marine systems : Special issue ; 78.2009,3
Language	English
Size	III S,, S. 317 - 488, graph. Darst
Publisher	Elsevier
Publishing place	Amsterdam u.a.
Document type	Book ; Conference proceedings
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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Article: Long-term variability of sea surface temperature in Taiwan Strait

Belkin, Igor M / Lee, Ming-An

Climatic change. 2014 June, v. 124, no. 4

2014

Abstract: Long-term variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Taiwan Strait was studied from the U.K. Met Office Hadley Centre climatological data set HadISST1. In 1957–2011, three epochs were identified. The first epoch of cooling SST lasted through ... ...

Abstract	Long-term variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Taiwan Strait was studied from the U.K. Met Office Hadley Centre climatological data set HadISST1. In 1957–2011, three epochs were identified. The first epoch of cooling SST lasted through 1976. The regime shift of 1976–1977 led to an extremely rapid warming of 2.1� °C in 22� years. Another regime shift occurred in 1998–1999, resulting in a 1.0� °C cooling by 2011. The cross-frontal gradient between the China Coastal Current and offshore Taiwan Strait waters has abruptly decreased in 1992 and remained low through 2011. The long-term warming of SST increased towards the East China Sea, where the SST warming in 1957–2011 was about three times that in the South China Sea. The long-term warming was strongly enhanced in winter, with the maximum warming of 3.8� °C in February. The wintertime amplification of long-term warming has resulted in a decrease of the north–south SST range from 5 to 4� °C and a decrease in the amplitude of seasonal cycle of SST from 11 to 8� °C.
Keywords	data collection ; seasonal variation ; surface temperature ; winter ; China ; East China Sea ; South China Sea ; Taiwan ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-06
Size	p. 821-834.
Publishing place	Springer-Verlag
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	751086-x
ISSN	0165-0009
ISSN	0165-0009
DOI	10.1007/s10584-014-1121-4
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Iron regulation of North Atlantic eddy phytoplankton productivity

Browning, Thomas J. / Al-Hashem, Ali A. / Hopwood, Mark J. / Engel, Anja / Belkin, Igor M. / Wakefield, Ewan D. / Fischer, Tim / Achterberg, Eric P.

2021

Abstract: Cyclonic ocean eddies drive upwelling of deep waters enhanced in nutrients, which can elevate phytoplankton productivity. At mid‐latitudes in the North Atlantic, satellite images show enhanced chlorophyll‐a associated with eddies. However, surface ... ...

Abstract	Cyclonic ocean eddies drive upwelling of deep waters enhanced in nutrients, which can elevate phytoplankton productivity. At mid‐latitudes in the North Atlantic, satellite images show enhanced chlorophyll‐a associated with eddies. However, surface macronutrient concentrations are often not fully depleted in this region, implying enhanced macronutrient supply is not the primary control. We conducted high resolution sampling through two mid‐latitude Atlantic eddies in late spring, located 800 and 350 km east of the Newfoundland Grand Banks. Waters outside of both eddies had unused residual macronutrients, low dissolved iron, and iron‐stressed phytoplankton. Inside both eddies, plankton biomass was higher and macronutrient concentrations lower. However, full macronutrient drawdown and an absence of iron stress were only present in the eddy nearer the continental shelf. From these two examples, iron supply and proximity to shelf iron sources appear to be important factors regulating productivity and macronutrient utilization in mid‐latitude North Atlantic cyclonic eddies.
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-28
Publisher	AGU (American Geophysical Union)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A peculiar lens-shaped structure observed in the South China Sea.

Lin, Hongyang / Hu, Jianyu / Liu, Zhiyu / Belkin, Igor M / Sun, Zhenyu / Zhu, Jia

Scientific reports

2017 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 478

Abstract: Lens-shaped structures within thermocline potentially play a significant role in subsurface transport of mass, heat, and salt in the global ocean. Whilst such structures have been documented in many oceanic regions, none has been observed in the China ... ...

Abstract	Lens-shaped structures within thermocline potentially play a significant role in subsurface transport of mass, heat, and salt in the global ocean. Whilst such structures have been documented in many oceanic regions, none has been observed in the China Seas. This study reports on observations of a lens-shaped structure within thermocline in the southwestern South China Sea in September 2007. This structure had a maximum thickness of approximately 60 m and a horizontal extent exceeding 220 km. This lens was peculiar in that its size is larger than most similar structures documented in the literature. The lens core was characterized by well-mixed water with higher temperature (~28.8 °C), lower salinity (~33.3) and lower potential vorticity (PV) compared to the surrounding waters. Based on an ocean reanalysis, possible generation mechanism of the lens is explored by examining the evolution of surface and subsurface thermohaline properties, and an analysis of vertical PV flux. The lens was likely generated by a mixture of the local mixed-layer water and the water from the coastal jet separation site.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-017-00593-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Conference proceedings: Physics and biology of ocean fronts

Belkin, Igor M

papers from the Special Session "Ocean Fronts: Patterns, Structures, and Processes", 2000 Ocean Sciences Meeting, held in San Antonio, TX, USA on January 24 - 28, 2000

(Journal of marine systems : Special issue ; 37.2002,1/3)

2002

Title variant	Papers from the special session "Ocean fronts
Institution	American Geophysical Union American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Ocean Sciences Meeting
Event/congress	Ocean Sciences Meeting (2000.01.24-28, SanAntonioTex.)
Author's details	sponsored by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography and the American Geophysical Union. Ed. by Igor M. Belkin
Series title	Journal of marine systems : Special issue ; 37.2002,1/3
Language	English
Size	VI, 228 S, graph. Darst., Kt
Publisher	Elsevier
Publishing place	Amsterdam u.a.
Document type	Book ; Conference proceedings
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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Article: East Hainan upwelling fronts detected by remote sensing and modelled in summer

Zeng, Xuezhi / Belkin, Igor M / Peng, Shiqiu / Li, Yineng

International journal of remote sensing. 2014 June 18, v. 35, no. 11-12

2014

Abstract: Using the Belkin and O’Reilly algorithm and high-resolution (1 km) satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll- a (chl- a) data from 2002 to 2011, fronts were detected off the east/northeast coast of Hainan Island, South China Sea. These ... ...

Abstract	Using the Belkin and O’Reilly algorithm and high-resolution (1 km) satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll- a (chl- a) data from 2002 to 2011, fronts were detected off the east/northeast coast of Hainan Island, South China Sea. These fronts were mainly produced by upwelling off eastern Hainan Island, through which cold, high-salinity, high-density, and nutrient-rich bottom water was brought to the surface and subsurface and then transported to the northeast of Hainan Island by the along-shore currents. The fronts are anisotropic, with a dominant orientation SSW–NNE. A three-dimensional ocean model forced by the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) winds was employed to study the three-dimensional structure of these fronts as well as the relationship between the fronts and upwelling or summer monsoon. The results show that the front intensity (cross-frontal gradient) is strongly correlated with the along-shore local winds, and has a strong seasonal and a weak inter-annual variation with a maximum of about 0.5°C km –¹ at the subsurface (about 15 m) rather than the surface.
Keywords	algorithms ; coasts ; cold ; models ; monsoon season ; remote sensing ; summer ; surface water temperature ; wind ; China ; South China Sea
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-0618
Size	p. 4441-4451.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1497529-4
ISSN	1366-5901 ; 0143-1161
ISSN (online)	1366-5901
ISSN	0143-1161
DOI	10.1080/01431161.2014.916443
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Accelerated warming and emergent trends in fisheries biomass yields of the world's large marine ecosystems.

Sherman, Kenneth / Belkin, Igor M / Friedland, Kevin D / O'Reilly, John / Hyde, Kimberly

Ambio

2009 Volume 38, Issue 4, Page(s) 215–224

Abstract: Information on the effects of global climate change on trends in global fisheries biomass yields has been limited in spatial and temporal scale. Results are presented of a global study of the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) changes over the last ... ...

Abstract	Information on the effects of global climate change on trends in global fisheries biomass yields has been limited in spatial and temporal scale. Results are presented of a global study of the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) changes over the last 25 years on the fisheries yields of 63 large marine ecosystems (LMEs) that annually produce 80% of the world's marine fisheries catches. Warming trends were observed in 61 LMEs around the globe. In 18 of the LMEs, rates of SST warming were two to four times faster during the past 25 years than the globally averaged rates of SST warming reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2007. Effects of warming on fisheries biomass yields were greatest in the fast-warming northern Northeast Atlantic LMEs, where increasing trends in fisheries biomass yields were related to zooplankton biomass increases. In contrast, fisheries biomass yields of LMEs in the fast-warming, more southerly reaches of the Northeast Atlantic were declining in response to decreases in zooplankton abundance. The LMEs around the margins of the Indian Ocean, where SSTs were among the world's slowest warming, revealed a consistent pattern of fisheries biomass increases during the past 25 years, driven principally by human need for food security from fisheries resources. As a precautionary approach toward more sustainable fisheries utilization, management measures to limit the total allowable catch through a cap-and-sustain approach are suggested for the developing nations recently fishing heavily on resources of the Agulhas Current, Somali Current, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal LMEs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomass ; Conservation of Natural Resources/statistics & numerical data ; Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; Ecosystem ; Fisheries/statistics & numerical data ; Global Health ; Global Warming ; Humans ; Internationality ; Linear Models ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater ; Temperature ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-10-15
Publishing country	Sweden
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120759-3
ISSN	1654-7209 ; 0044-7447
ISSN (online)	1654-7209
ISSN	0044-7447
DOI	10.1579/0044-7447-38.4.215
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Article: Long-term variability of sea surface temperature in Taiwan Strait

Belkin, Igor M. / Lee, Ming-An

Climatic change

Volume v. 124,, Issue no. 4

Abstract	Long-term variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Taiwan Strait was studied from the U.K. Met Office Hadley Centre climatological data set HadISST1. In 1957–2011, three epochs were identified. The first epoch of cooling SST lasted through 1976. The regime shift of 1976–1977 led to an extremely rapid warming of 2.1� °C in 22� years. Another regime shift occurred in 1998–1999, resulting in a 1.0� °C cooling by 2011. The cross-frontal gradient between the China Coastal Current and offshore Taiwan Strait waters has abruptly decreased in 1992 and remained low through 2011. The long-term warming of SST increased towards the East China Sea, where the SST warming in 1957–2011 was about three times that in the South China Sea. The long-term warming was strongly enhanced in winter, with the maximum warming of 3.8� °C in February. The wintertime amplification of long-term warming has resulted in a decrease of the north–south SST range from 5 to 4� °C and a decrease in the amplitude of seasonal cycle of SST from 11 to 8� °C.
Keywords	data collection ; winter ; seasonal variation ; surface temperature
Language	English
Document type	Article
ISSN	0165-0009
Database	AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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