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Book ; Online: Enhancing Farm-Level Decision Making through Innovation

Bell, Matt J.

2022

Keywords	Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Technology, engineering, agriculture ; dairy cows ; computer vision ; behaviors ; monitoring ; management ; behavior ; birth ; observations ; sheep ; proximal ; sensing ; LiDAR ; photogrammetry ; grasslands ; pastures ; Adversarial-VAE ; tomato leaf disease identification ; image generation ; convolutional neural network ; potato management ; tuber formation stage ; precipitation patterns
Language	0\|e
Size	1 electronic resource (84 pages)
Publisher	MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Publishing place	Basel
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English ; Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT021611373
ISBN	9783036533568 ; 3036533567
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Book ; Online ; E-Book: The governance of agriculture in post-Brexit UK

Antonopoulos, Irene / Bell, Matt J. / Čavoški, Aleksandra / Petetin, Ludivine

(Earthscan Food and Agriculture)

2022

Abstract: This book provides a multidisciplinary analysis of the impact of Brexit on British agriculture and associated areas, discussing the Common Agricultural Policy and the Agriculture Act 2020. The Brexit referendum provoked new debates and questions over ... ...

Institution	European Union
Author's details	edited by Irene Antonopoulos, Matt Bell, Aleksandra Čavoški, Ludivine Petetin
Series title	Earthscan Food and Agriculture
Abstract	"This book provides a multidisciplinary analysis of the impact of Brexit on British agriculture and associated areas, discussing the Common Agricultural Policy and the Agriculture Act 2020. The Brexit referendum provoked new debates and questions over the future of agriculture in Britain and the potential positive and negative impacts of Brexit on both farmers and consumers. These debates as well as the ensuing proposals relevant to the Agriculture Act 2020 have exposed the multidimensional effects of Brexit when it comes to agriculture. With a focus on profitability, the rights of farmers, environmental protection as well as animal welfare, this book brings together an interdisciplinary analysis of the future of British agriculture in post-Brexit Britain. More specifically, it addresses the criticisms over the Common Agriculture Policy, presents an analysis of the Agriculture Act 2020 and considers suggestions for future developments. Through this analysis, the book suggests a way towards the future, with a positive outlook towards a competitive and sustainable agriculture that will satisfy the needs of farmers, consumers, while ensuring environmental protection, animal welfare and rural development. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of food and agricultural policy and politics, agroecology and rural development, as well as policymakers involved in Britain's post-Brexit environmental policy"--
Keywords	Agriculture and state ; Great Britain
Subject code	320.941
Language	English
Size	1 online resource (229 pages)
Edition	First edition.
Publisher	Routledge
Publishing place	New York
Document type	Book ; Online ; E-Book
Remark	Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
ISBN	1-00-301085-7 ; 1-000-54345-5 ; 1-003-01085-7 ; 0-367-44460-7 ; 978-1-00-301085-2 ; 978-1-000-54345-2 ; 978-1-003-01085-2 ; 978-0-367-44460-0
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Selecting the ‘Sustainable’ Cow Using a Customized Breeding Index: Case Study on a Commercial UK Dairy Herd

Bell, Matt J. / Jauernik, Greta-Marie

Agriculture. 2023 Feb. 10, v. 13, no. 2

2023

Abstract: The aim of the current study was to investigate using a customized profit and carbon total merit index to identify sustainable milking cows and herd replacements within a commercial dairy herd. Balancing the economic, social and environmental aspects of ... ...

Abstract	The aim of the current study was to investigate using a customized profit and carbon total merit index to identify sustainable milking cows and herd replacements within a commercial dairy herd. Balancing the economic, social and environmental aspects of milk production has gained interest given the increasing global demand for milk products. Furthermore, a farm-level customized breeding index with farm-derived weightings for biological traits would incorporate the effect of the farm environment. This study used a Markov chain approach to model a commercial dairy herd in the UK between the years 2017 and 2022. Production, financial, genetic and nutritional data for the herd were used as input data. The model derived the economic (GBP per unit) and carbon values (kilograms CO₂-eq. emissions per unit) for a single phenotypic increase in milk volume, milk fat yield, milk protein yield, somatic cell count, calving interval and lifespan, which were used in a profit and carbon index. The study proposed a methodology for selecting individual milking cows and herd replacements based on their potential to increase herd profitability and reduce carbon emissions as a means to identify more sustainable animals for a given farm environment. Of the 370 cows and herd replacements studied, 76% were classified as sustainable with a desirable increase in profit and reduction in carbon emissions. Customized breeding indices with trait weightings derived from the farm environment and selecting individual animals on economic and carbon metrics will bring permanent and cumulative improvements to the sustainability of milk production with appropriate nutrition and management. The approach used can be applied to any commercial farm to select animals that are more sustainable.
Keywords	Markov chain ; agriculture ; carbon ; case studies ; commercial farms ; cows ; dairy herds ; longevity ; milk ; milk fat yield ; milk protein yield ; models ; nutrition ; phenotype ; profitability ; somatic cell count
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0210
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2651678-0
ISSN	2077-0472
ISSN	2077-0472
DOI	10.3390/agriculture13020423
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Variability in Enteric Methane Emissions among Dairy Cows during Lactation

Hardan, Ali / Garnsworthy, Philip C. / Bell, Matt J.

Animals. 2022 Dec. 31, v. 13, no. 1

2022

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate variability in enteric CH₄ emission rate and emissions per unit of milk across lactations among dairy cows on commercial farms in the UK. A total of 105,701 CH₄ spot measurements were obtained from 2206 mostly ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to investigate variability in enteric CH₄ emission rate and emissions per unit of milk across lactations among dairy cows on commercial farms in the UK. A total of 105,701 CH₄ spot measurements were obtained from 2206 mostly Holstein-Friesian cows on 18 dairy farms using robotic milking stations. Eleven farms fed a partial mixed ration (PMR) and 7 farms fed a PMR with grazing. Methane concentrations (ppm) were measured using an infrared CH₄ analyser at 1s intervals in breath samples taken during milking. Signal processing was used to detect CH₄ eructation peaks, with maximum peak amplitude being used to derive CH₄ emission rate (g/min) during each milking. A multiple-experiment meta-analysis model was used to assess effects of farm, week of lactation, parity, diet, and dry matter intake (DMI) on average CH₄ emissions (expressed in g/min and g/kg milk) per individual cow. Estimated mean enteric CH₄ emissions across the 18 farms was 0.38 (s.e. 0.01) g/min, ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 g/min, and 25.6 (s.e. 0.5) g/kg milk, ranging from 15 to 42 g/kg milk. Estimated dry matter intake was positively correlated with emission rate, which was higher in grazing cows, and negatively correlated with emissions per kg milk and was most significant in PMR-fed cows. Mean CH₄ emission rate increased over the first 9 weeks of lactation and then was steady until week 70. Older cows were associated with lower emissions per minute and per kg milk. Rank correlation for CH₄ emissions among weeks of lactation was generally high. We conclude that CH₄ emissions appear to change across and within lactations, but ranking of a herd remains consistent, which is useful for obtaining CH₄ spot measurements.
Keywords	Holstein ; cows ; diet ; dry matter intake ; farms ; herds ; lactation ; meta-analysis ; methane ; milk ; models ; robots
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1231
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani13010157
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Detection of Methane Eructation Peaks in Dairy Cows at a Robotic Milking Station Using Signal Processing

Hardan, Ali / Garnsworthy, Philip C. / Bell, Matt J.

Animals. 2021 Dec. 23, v. 12, no. 1

2021

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the use of signal processing to detect eructation peaks in CH₄ released by cows during robotic milking, and to compare recordings from three gas analysers (Guardian SP and NG, and IRMAX) differing in volume of air ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to investigate the use of signal processing to detect eructation peaks in CH₄ released by cows during robotic milking, and to compare recordings from three gas analysers (Guardian SP and NG, and IRMAX) differing in volume of air sampled and response time. To allow comparison of gas analysers using the signal processing approach, CH₄ in air (parts per million) was measured by each analyser at the same time and continuously every second from the feed bin of a robotic milking station. Peak analysis software was used to extract maximum CH₄ amplitude (ppm) from the concentration signal during each milking. A total of 5512 CH₄ spot measurements were recorded from 65 cows during three consecutive sampling periods. Data were analysed with a linear mixed model including analyser × period, parity, and days in milk as fixed effects, and cow ID as a random effect. In period one, air sampling volume and recorded CH₄ concentration were the same for all analysers. In periods two and three, air sampling volume was increased for IRMAX, resulting in higher CH₄ concentrations recorded by IRMAX and lower concentrations recorded by Guardian SP (p < 0.001), particularly in period three, but no change in average concentrations measured by Guardian NG across periods. Measurements by Guardian SP and IRMAX had the highest correlation; Guardian SP and NG produced similar repeatability and detected more variation among cows compared with IRMAX. The findings show that signal processing can provide a reliable and accurate means to detect CH₄ eructations from animals when using different gas analysers.
Keywords	air ; bins (containers) ; computer software ; methane ; milk ; robots ; statistical models
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1223
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani12010026
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Detection of Methane Eructation Peaks in Dairy Cows at a Robotic Milking Station Using Signal Processing.

Hardan, Ali / Garnsworthy, Philip C / Bell, Matt J

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2021 Volume 12, Issue 1

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the use of signal processing to detect eructation peaks in ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to investigate the use of signal processing to detect eructation peaks in CH
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani12010026
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Effect of pasture cover and height on nutrient concentrations in diverse swards in the UK

Bell, Matt J. / J. Huggett, Zoë / Slinger, Kimberley R. / Roos, Felicity

Grassland science. 2021 July, v. 67, no. 3

2021

Abstract: A total of 445 pasture samples were collected from six fields representing a wide range of dry grass content (0–100%), and grass, legume, herb, flower and weed species. Fields were located in the grass‐dominated and temperate regions of western UK and ... ...

Abstract	A total of 445 pasture samples were collected from six fields representing a wide range of dry grass content (0–100%), and grass, legume, herb, flower and weed species. Fields were located in the grass‐dominated and temperate regions of western UK and monitored monthly for 9 months during late summer, autumn and winter months. The pasture properties assessed included measurements of percentage of grass content, height (in centimeters), pasture cover (fresh weight (FW) and dry matter (DM) in kg /ha) and pasture density (FW and DM in kg ha⁻¹cm⁻¹) and nutrient concentrations (DM, crude protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), sugars, ash, digestible organic matter in the DM (DOMD), oil, nitrate nitrogen and metabolizable energy (ME)). This study showed that across the pastures studied, increasing both pasture height and DM cover brought a desirable increase in crude protein, sugars, DOMD, oil and ME for grazing systems. Seasonal changes in nutrient concentrations of diverse swards will occur; however, differences in nutrient concentrations among swards can be minimized by the grass species present and/or mix with broadleaf plants, and management of grass maturity.
Keywords	acid detergent fiber ; autumn ; crude protein ; digestible organic matter ; flowers ; grasses ; grasslands ; legumes ; metabolizable energy ; neutral detergent fiber ; nitrate nitrogen ; oils ; pastures ; summer ; weeds
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-07
Size	p. 267-272.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2296471-X
ISSN	1744-697X ; 1744-6961
ISSN (online)	1744-697X
ISSN	1744-6961
DOI	10.1111/grs.12306
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The association between foot temperature and hoof lesions in sheep

Eyre, Louise / Huggett, Zoë J. / Slinger, Kimberley R. / Siettou, Christina / Bell, Matt J.

Livestock science. 2021 Sept., v. 251

2021

Abstract: Lameness, predominantly caused by footrot and interdigital dermatitis, is a common issue in sheep flocks with negative consequences for animal welfare and productivity. Simple and cheap methods to prevent and monitor lameness are desirable to decrease ... ...

Abstract	Lameness, predominantly caused by footrot and interdigital dermatitis, is a common issue in sheep flocks with negative consequences for animal welfare and productivity. Simple and cheap methods to prevent and monitor lameness are desirable to decrease prevalence within flocks. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a high foot temperature threshold can be used as an early warning for the development of hoof lesions and lameness in sheep. A flock of 47 pregnant ewes and seven non-pregnant ewe lambs were randomly allocated into two equal groups and placed in two different but similar permanent pasture fields for the duration of the study. Foot temperature was measured with a temperature probe placed on the interdigital skin on three dates over approximately 4 weeks. This study showed that increased foot temperature was associated with higher lesion scores (recorded lesions covered a scale of 0 to 3), with healthy feet having a mean temperature of 20°C and feet with severe lesion scores having a mean temperature of 31°C. Also, back feet had a higher foot temperature and lesion score than front feet (P<0.001). This study suggests that a threshold of 26.5°C in the back feet of sheep (mean foot temperature for a lesion score of 1 in back feet) could be used as an indication of when to foot bath or treat feet, and minimise hoof lesions in sheep.
Keywords	animal welfare ; ewes ; flocks ; footrot ; hooves ; lameness ; pastures ; temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-09
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2226176-X
ISSN	1878-0490 ; 1871-1413
ISSN (online)	1878-0490
ISSN	1871-1413
DOI	10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104606
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Changes in Dairy Cow Behavior with and without Assistance at Calving

Cavendish, Bethan / McDonagh, John / Tzimiropoulos, Georgios / Slinger, Kimberley R. / Huggett, Zoë J. / Bell, Matt J.

Agriculture (Basel). 2021 July 29, v. 11, no. 8

2021

Abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize calving behavior of dairy cows and to compare the duration and frequency of behaviors for assisted and unassisted dairy cows at calving. Behavioral data from nine hours prior to calving were collected for 35 ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to characterize calving behavior of dairy cows and to compare the duration and frequency of behaviors for assisted and unassisted dairy cows at calving. Behavioral data from nine hours prior to calving were collected for 35 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Cows were continuously monitored under 24 h video surveillance. The behaviors of standing, lying, walking, shuffle, eating, drinking and contractions were recorded for each cow until birth. A generalized linear mixed model was used to assess differences in the duration and frequency of behaviors prior to calving for assisted and unassisted cows. The nine hours prior to calving was assessed in three-hour time periods. The study found that the cows spent a large proportion of their time either lying (0.49) or standing (0.35), with a higher frequency of standing (0.36) and shuffle (0.26) bouts than other behaviors during the study. There were no differences in behavior between assisted and unassisted cows. During the three-hours prior to calving, the duration and bouts of lying, including contractions, were higher than during other time periods. While changes in behavior failed to identify an association with calving assistance, the monitoring of behavioral patterns could be used as an alert to the progress of parturition.
Keywords	Holstein ; agriculture ; dairy cows ; statistical models ; video recording
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0729
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2651678-0
ISSN	2077-0472
ISSN	2077-0472
DOI	10.3390/agriculture11080722
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Changes in Sheep Behavior before Lambing

Waters, Beatrice E. / McDonagh, John / Tzimiropoulos, Georgios / Slinger, Kimberley R. / Huggett, Zoë J. / Bell, Matt J.

Agriculture (Basel). 2021 July 29, v. 11, no. 8

2021

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the duration and frequency of behavioral observations of pregnant ewes as they approached lambing. An understanding of behavioral changes before birth may provide opportunities for enhanced visual monitoring at this ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to assess the duration and frequency of behavioral observations of pregnant ewes as they approached lambing. An understanding of behavioral changes before birth may provide opportunities for enhanced visual monitoring at this critical stage in the animal’s life. Behavioral observations for 17 ewes in late pregnancy were recorded during two separate time periods, which were 4 to 6 weeks before lambing and before giving birth. It was normal farm procedure for the sheep to come indoors for 6 weeks of close monitoring before lambing. The behaviors of standing, lying, walking, shuffling and contraction behaviors were recorded for each animal during both time periods. Over both time periods, the ewes spent a large proportion of their time either lying (0.40) or standing (0.42), with a higher frequency of standing (0.40) and shuffling (0.28) bouts than other behaviors. In the time period before giving birth, the frequency of lying and contraction bouts increased and the standing and walking bouts decreased, with a higher frequency of walking bouts in ewes that had an assisted lambing. The monitoring of behavioral patterns, such as lying and contractions, could be used as an alert to the progress of parturition.
Keywords	agriculture ; farms ; pregnancy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0729
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2651678-0
ISSN	2077-0472
ISSN	2077-0472
DOI	10.3390/agriculture11080715
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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