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  1. AU="Bell, Thomas G."
  2. AU="Harris, Charles"
  3. AU="Lai, Renfa"
  4. AU="Sakane, Tatsuya"
  5. AU="Mirza, I."
  6. AU="Beatriz Amorim Beltrão"
  7. AU="Wildman, D"
  8. AU="Manghi, Manoel"
  9. AU="van Dinther, Maarten"
  10. AU="Adams, Ashley L"
  11. AU="Zhang, Er-Bin"
  12. AU="Diuk-Wasser, Maria A"
  13. AU="Chowdhury, Muhtamim"
  14. AU="Rivas, Manuel A"
  15. AU="Mangelis, Anastasios"
  16. AU="Simpson, Tina Y"
  17. AU="Li, Peirang"
  18. AU="Zhang, Zhao-Liang"
  19. AU="Perner, Sven"
  20. AU=Suwanwongse Kulachanya AU=Suwanwongse Kulachanya
  21. AU="Rose, Jacqueline"
  22. AU="E Lostis"

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  1. Artikel: Impact of sea ice on air-sea CO2 exchange – A critical review of polar eddy covariance studies

    Watts, Jennifer / Bell, Thomas G. / Anderson, Karen / Butterworth, Brian J. / Miller, Scott / Else, Brent / Shutler, Jamie

    Elsevier Ltd Progress in oceanography. 2022 Feb., v. 201

    2022  

    Abstract: Sparse in situ measurements and poor understanding of the impact of sea ice on air-sea gas exchange introduce large uncertainties to models of polar oceanic carbon uptake. The eddy covariance technique can be used to produce insightful air-sea gas ... ...

    Abstract Sparse in situ measurements and poor understanding of the impact of sea ice on air-sea gas exchange introduce large uncertainties to models of polar oceanic carbon uptake. The eddy covariance technique can be used to produce insightful air-sea gas exchange datasets in the presence of sea ice, but results differ between studies. We present a critical review of historical polar eddy covariance studies and can identify only five that present comparable flux datasets. Assessment of ancillary datasets, including sea-ice coverage and type and air-sea concentration gradient of carbon dioxide, used to interpret flux datasets (with a specific focus on their role in estimating and interpreting sea ice zone gas transfer velocities) identifies that standardised methodologies to characterise the flux footprint would be beneficial. In heterogeneous ice environments both ancillary data uncertainties and controls on gas exchange are notably complex. To address the poor understanding, we highlight how future efforts should focus on the collection of robust gas flux datasets within heterogeneous sea ice regions during key seasonal processes alongside consistent ancillary data with a full characterisation of their associated uncertainties.
    Schlagwörter carbon ; carbon dioxide ; data collection ; eddy covariance ; gas exchange ; oceanography ; sea ice
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2022-02
    Erscheinungsort Elsevier Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ISSN 0079-6611
    DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102741
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  2. Artikel: Automated, high frequency, on-line dimethyl sulfide measurements in natural waters using a novel “microslug” gas-liquid segmented flow method with chemiluminescence detection

    Leng, Geng / Jin, Chao-Feng / Bell, Thomas G / Ussher, Simon J / Worsfold, Paul J / Li, Wei-Yi

    Talanta. 2021 Jan. 01, v. 221

    2021  

    Abstract: Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is the major biogenic volatile sulfur compound in surface seawater. Good quality DMS data with high temporal and spatial resolution are desirable for understanding reduced sulfur biogeochemistry. Here we present a fully automated ... ...

    Abstract Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is the major biogenic volatile sulfur compound in surface seawater. Good quality DMS data with high temporal and spatial resolution are desirable for understanding reduced sulfur biogeochemistry. Here we present a fully automated and novel “microslug” gas-liquid segmented flow-chemiluminescence (MSSF-CL) based method for the continuous in-situ measurement of DMS in natural waters. Samples were collected into a flow tank and DMS transferred from the aqueous phase to the gas phase using a vario-directional coiled flow, in which microvolume liquid and gas slugs were interspersed. The separated DMS was reacted with ozone in a reaction cell for CL detection. The analytical process was automated, with a sample throughput of 6.6 h⁻¹. Using MSSF for DMS separation was more effective and easily integrated with CL detection compared with the commonly used bubbling approach. Key parameters of the proposed method were investigated. The linear range for the method was 0.05–500 nM (R² = 0.9984) and the limit of detection (3 x S/N) was 0.015 nM, which is comparable to the commonly used gas chromatography (GC) method and sensitive enough for direct DMS measurement in typical aquatic environments. Reproducibility and recovery were assessed by spiking natural water samples (river, lake, reservoir and pond) with different concentrations of DMS (10, 20 and 50 nM), giving relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤1.75% (n = 5) and recoveries of 94.4–107.8%. This fully automated system is reagent free, easy to assemble, simple to use, portable (weight ~5.1 kg) and can be left in the field for several hours of unattended operation. The instrumentation can provide high quality DMS data for natural waters with an environmentally relevant temporal resolution of ~9 min.
    Schlagwörter aquatic environment ; automation ; biogeochemistry ; chemiluminescence ; detection limit ; dimethyl sulfide ; flow ; frequency ; gas chromatography ; instrumentation ; lakes ; liquids ; measurement ; ozone ; reproducibility ; rivers ; sampling ; seawater ; separation ; slugs ; standard deviation ; sulfur ; weight
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2021-0101
    Erscheinungsort Elsevier B.V.
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    Anmerkung NAL-light
    ZDB-ID 1500969-5
    ISSN 1873-3573 ; 0039-9140
    ISSN (online) 1873-3573
    ISSN 0039-9140
    DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121595
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  3. Buch ; Online: Global analysis of the controls on seawater dimethylsulfide spatial variability

    Manville, George / Bell, Thomas G. / Mulcahy, Jane P. / Simó, Rafel / Galí, Martí / Mahajan, Anoop S. / Hulswar, Shrivardhan / Halloran, Paul R.

    eISSN: 1726-4189

    2023  

    Abstract: Dimethylsulfide (DMS) emitted from the ocean makes a significant global contribution to natural marine aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei, and therefore our planet’s climate. Oceanic DMS concentrations show large spatiotemporal variability, but ... ...

    Abstract Dimethylsulfide (DMS) emitted from the ocean makes a significant global contribution to natural marine aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei, and therefore our planet’s climate. Oceanic DMS concentrations show large spatiotemporal variability, but observations are sparse, so products describing global DMS distribution rely on interpolation or modelling. Understanding the mechanisms driving DMS variability, especially at local scales, is required to reduce uncertainty in large scale DMS estimates. We present a study of mesoscale and sub-mesoscale (<100 km) seawater DMS variability that takes advantage of the recent expansion in high frequency seawater DMS observations and uses all available data to investigate the typical distances over which DMS varies in all major ocean basins. These DMS spatial variability lengthscales (VLS) are uncorrelated with DMS concentrations. DMS concentrations and VLS can therefore be used separately to help identify mechanisms underpinning DMS variability. When data are grouped by sampling campaigns, almost 80 % of the DMS VLS can be explained using the VLS of sea surface height anomalies, density, and chlorophyll- a . Our global analysis suggests that both physical and biogeochemical processes play an equally important role in controlling DMS variability, in contrast with previous results based on data from the low–mid latitudes. The explanatory power of sea surface height anomalies indicates the importance of mesoscale eddies in driving DMS variability, previously unrecognised at a global scale and in agreement with recent regional studies. DMS VLS differs regionally, including surprisingly high frequency variability in low latitude waters. Our results independently confirm that relationships used in the literature to parameterise DMS at large scales appear to be considering the right variables. However, contrasts in regional DMS VLS highlight that important driving mechanisms remain elusive. The role of sub-mesoscale features should be resolved or accounted for in DMS process ...
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 551
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-01-17
    Erscheinungsland de
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
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  4. Artikel ; Online: Natural variability in air-sea gas transfer efficiency of CO

    Yang, Mingxi / Smyth, Timothy J / Kitidis, Vassilis / Brown, Ian J / Wohl, Charel / Yelland, Margaret J / Bell, Thomas G

    Scientific reports

    2021  Band 11, Heft 1, Seite(n) 13584

    Abstract: The flux of ... ...

    Abstract The flux of CO
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-06-30
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-92947-w
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  5. Artikel: Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in Western European aerosol and the significance of dry deposition flux into stratified shelf waters

    White, Caroline / Ussher, Simon J / Fitzsimons, Mark F / Atkinson, Sov / Woodward, E. Malcolm S / Yang, Mingxi / Bell, Thomas G

    Atmospheric environment. 2021 Sept. 15, v. 261

    2021  

    Abstract: Dry deposition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from the aerosol phase represents a potential source of nutrients to marine surface waters. To investigate the significance of this deposition pathway, aerosol samples were collected from Penlee Point ... ...

    Abstract Dry deposition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from the aerosol phase represents a potential source of nutrients to marine surface waters. To investigate the significance of this deposition pathway, aerosol samples were collected from Penlee Point Atmospheric Observatory in SW England, UK, over a 6-month period (February to July 2015) covering the spring bloom. Samples were analysed for nitrate, ammonium and phosphate and the dry deposition flux of these nutrients calculated to assess its potential impact on primary production in nearby surface seawater. Aerosol-derived N and P deposition fluxes ranged from 2.7 to 620 μmol N m⁻² d⁻¹ and 0.16–1.6 μmol P m⁻² d⁻¹, respectively. Air mass back trajectory analysis indicated that the highest N fluxes were associated with polluted European air masses, highlighting a significant anthropogenic influence on N-content of aerosols. The N:P ratios of aerosol fluxes and water column concentrations indicated that P deposition was unlikely to be biologically significant in the region. In contrast, aerosol deposition was a significant episodic source of new N to marine phytoplankton after the onset of water column stratification. Carbon fixation estimates indicated that the maximum proportion of new primary production sustained by aerosol-N deposition was 22.4%, a factor of ten higher than the study average. These data suggest that enhanced N-deposition from polluted continental air masses could sustain pulses of surface ocean biological productivity during periods of dissolved N depletion.
    Schlagwörter aerosols ; air ; ammonium ; anthropogenic activities ; carbon dioxide fixation ; dry deposition ; environment ; nitrates ; nitrogen ; phosphates ; phosphorus ; phytoplankton ; primary productivity ; seawater ; spring ; England
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2021-0915
    Erscheinungsort Elsevier Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 216368-8
    ISSN 0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
    ISSN 0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
    DOI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118391
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  6. Buch ; Online: Third revision of the global surface seawater dimethyl sulfide climatology (DMS-Rev3)

    Hulswar, Shrivardhan / Simó, Rafel / Galí, Martí / Bell, Thomas G. / Lana, Arancha / Inamdar, Swaleha / Halloran, Paul R. / Manville, George / Mahajan, Anoop Sharad

    eISSN: 1866-3516

    2022  

    Abstract: This paper presents an updated estimation of the bottom-up global surface seawater dimethyl sulfide (DMS) climatology. This update, called DMS-Rev3, is the third of its kind and includes five significant changes from the last climatology, L11 (Lana et al. ...

    Abstract This paper presents an updated estimation of the bottom-up global surface seawater dimethyl sulfide (DMS) climatology. This update, called DMS-Rev3, is the third of its kind and includes five significant changes from the last climatology, L11 (Lana et al., 2011), that was released about a decade ago. The first change is the inclusion of new observations that have become available over the last decade, creating a database of 873 539 observations leading to an ∼ 18-fold increase in raw data as compared to the last estimation. The second is significant improvements in data handling, processing, and filtering, to avoid biases due to different observation frequencies which result from different measurement techniques. Thirdly, we incorporate the dynamic seasonal changes observed in the geographic boundaries of the ocean biogeochemical provinces. The fourth change involves the refinement of the interpolation algorithm used to fill in the missing data. Lastly, an upgraded smoothing algorithm based on observed DMS variability length scales (VLS) helps to reproduce a more realistic distribution of the DMS concentration data. The results show that DMS-Rev3 estimates the global annual mean DMS concentration to be ∼ 2.26 nM (2.39 nM without a sea-ice mask), i.e., about 4 % lower than the previous bottom-up L11 climatology. However, significant regional differences of more than 100 % as compared to L11 are observed. The global sea-to-air flux of DMS is estimated at ∼ 27.1 TgS yr −1 , which is about 4 % lower than L11, although, like the DMS distribution, large regional differences were observed. The largest changes are observed in high concentration regions such as the polar oceans, although oceanic regions that were under-sampled in the past also show large differences between revisions of the climatology. Finally, DMS-Rev3 reduces the previously observed patchiness in high productivity regions. The new climatology, along with the algorithm, can be found in the online repository: https://doi.org/10.17632/hyn62spny2.1 ...
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 551
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-07-05
    Erscheinungsland de
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
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  7. Buch ; Online: Sea Spray Fluxes from the Southwest Coast of the United Kingdom – Dependence on Wind Speed and Wave Height

    Yang, Mingxi / Norris, Sarah J. / Bell, Thomas G. / Brooks, Ian M.

    eISSN: 1680-7324

    2019  

    Abstract: Fluxes of sea spray aerosols were measured with the eddy covariance technique from the Penlee Point Atmospheric Observatory (PPAO) on the southwest coast of the United Kingdom over several months from 2015 to 2017. Two different fast-responding aerosol ... ...

    Abstract Fluxes of sea spray aerosols were measured with the eddy covariance technique from the Penlee Point Atmospheric Observatory (PPAO) on the southwest coast of the United Kingdom over several months from 2015 to 2017. Two different fast-responding aerosol instruments were employed: an ultra-fine condensation particle counter (CPC) that detects aerosols with radius above ca. 1.5 nm, and a compact lightweight aerosol spectrometer probe (CLASP) that provides a size distribution between ca. 0.1 and 6 μm. The aerosol fluxes were almost always from sea to air, indicating sea spray emission. Fluxes from the CPC and from the CLASP (integrated over all sizes) were generally comparable, implying a reasonable closure in the aerosol number flux. Compared to most previous observations over the open ocean, at the same wind speed the mean sea spray number fluxes at PPAO are much greater. Significant wave height and wave Reynolds number explain more variability in sea spray fluxes than does wind speed, implying that enhanced wave breaking resulting from shoaling in shallow coastal waters is a dominant control on sea spray emission. Comparisons between two different wind sectors (open water vs. fetch-limited Plymouth Sound) and between two sets of sea states (growing vs. falling seas) further confirm the importance of wave characteristics on sea spray fluxes. These results suggest that spatial variability in wave characteristics need to be taken into account in predictions of coastal sea spray productions and also aerosol loading.
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 551
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2019-09-13
    Erscheinungsland de
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
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  8. Artikel ; Online: Automated, high frequency, on-line dimethyl sulfide measurements in natural waters using a novel "microslug" gas-liquid segmented flow method with chemiluminescence detection.

    Leng, Geng / Jin, Chao-Feng / Bell, Thomas G / Ussher, Simon J / Worsfold, Paul J / Li, Wei-Yi

    Talanta

    2020  Band 221, Seite(n) 121595

    Abstract: Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is the major biogenic volatile sulfur compound in surface seawater. Good quality DMS data with high temporal and spatial resolution are desirable for understanding reduced sulfur biogeochemistry. Here we present a fully automated ... ...

    Abstract Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is the major biogenic volatile sulfur compound in surface seawater. Good quality DMS data with high temporal and spatial resolution are desirable for understanding reduced sulfur biogeochemistry. Here we present a fully automated and novel "microslug" gas-liquid segmented flow-chemiluminescence (MSSF-CL) based method for the continuous in-situ measurement of DMS in natural waters. Samples were collected into a flow tank and DMS transferred from the aqueous phase to the gas phase using a vario-directional coiled flow, in which microvolume liquid and gas slugs were interspersed. The separated DMS was reacted with ozone in a reaction cell for CL detection. The analytical process was automated, with a sample throughput of 6.6 h
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-09-01
    Erscheinungsland Netherlands
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1500969-5
    ISSN 1873-3573 ; 0039-9140
    ISSN (online) 1873-3573
    ISSN 0039-9140
    DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121595
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Buch ; Online: Non-volatile marine and non-refractory continental sources of particle-phase amine during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES)

    Berta, Veronica Z. / Russell, Lynn M. / Price, Derek J. / Chen, Chia-Li / Lee, Alex K. Y. / Quinn, Patricia K. / Bates, Timothy S. / Bell, Thomas G. / Behrenfeld, Michael J.

    eISSN: 1680-7324

    2023  

    Abstract: Amines were measured by aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) cruises. Both AMS non-refractory (NR) amine ion fragments comprising the ... ...

    Abstract Amines were measured by aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) cruises. Both AMS non-refractory (NR) amine ion fragments comprising the AMS C x H y N z family and FTIR non-volatile (NV) primary (C–NH 2 ) amine groups typically had greater concentrations in continental air masses than in marine air masses. Secondary continental sources of AMS NR amine fragments were identified by consistent correlations with AMS NR nitrate, AMS NR f 44 (the contribution of AMS ion signal at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ab5624c790cbaa3f5350f350107808ad"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2765-2023-ie00001.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="acp-23-2765-2023-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> 44 (CO <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="fb80c4c6e16db439d7ccc2ddca26875a"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2765-2023-ie00002.svg" width="8pt" height="15pt" src="acp-23-2765-2023-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg> ) to the total AMS NR organic mass (OM) signal), ion chromatography (IC) non-sea-salt potassium (nssK + ), and radon for most air masses. FTIR NV amine group mass concentrations for particles with diameters <1 µm showed large contributions from a primary marine source that ...
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 333 ; 511
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-02-28
    Erscheinungsland de
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
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  10. Artikel ; Online: Flux of the biogenic volatiles isoprene and dimethyl sulfide from an oligotrophic lake.

    Steinke, Michael / Hodapp, Bettina / Subhan, Rameez / Bell, Thomas G / Martin-Creuzburg, Dominik

    Scientific reports

    2018  Band 8, Heft 1, Seite(n) 630

    Abstract: Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) affect atmospheric chemistry, climate and regional air quality in terrestrial and marine atmospheres. Although isoprene is a major BVOC produced in vascular plants, and marine phototrophs release dimethyl ... ...

    Abstract Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) affect atmospheric chemistry, climate and regional air quality in terrestrial and marine atmospheres. Although isoprene is a major BVOC produced in vascular plants, and marine phototrophs release dimethyl sulfide (DMS), lakes have been widely ignored for their production. Here we demonstrate that oligotrophic Lake Constance, a model for north temperate deep lakes, emits both volatiles to the atmosphere. Depth profiles indicated that highest concentrations of isoprene and DMS were associated with the chlorophyll maximum, suggesting that their production is closely linked to phototrophic processes. Significant correlations of the concentration patterns with taxon-specific fluorescence data, and measurements from algal cultures confirmed the phototrophic production of isoprene and DMS. Diurnal fluctuations in lake isoprene suggested an unrecognised physiological role in environmental acclimation similar to the antioxidant function of isoprene that has been suggested for marine biota. Flux estimations demonstrated that lakes are a currently undocumented source of DMS and isoprene to the atmosphere. Lakes may be of increasing importance for their contribution of isoprene and DMS to the atmosphere in the arctic zone where lake area coverage is high but terrestrial sources of BVOCs are small.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2018-01-12
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-017-18923-5
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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