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  1. AU="Bellon, Ludovic"
  2. AU="Pitalua, Luis Fernando"
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  1. Article ; Online: Logical and thermodynamical reversibility: Optimized experimental implementation of the not operation.

    Dago, Salambô / Bellon, Ludovic

    Physical review. E

    2023  Volume 108, Issue 2, Page(s) L022101

    Abstract: The not operation is a reversible transformation acting on a 1-bit logical state and should be achievable in a physically reversible manner at no energetic cost. We experimentally demonstrate a bit-flip protocol based on the momentum of an underdamped ... ...

    Abstract The not operation is a reversible transformation acting on a 1-bit logical state and should be achievable in a physically reversible manner at no energetic cost. We experimentally demonstrate a bit-flip protocol based on the momentum of an underdamped oscillator confined in a double-well potential. The protocol is designed to be reversible in the ideal dissipationless case, and the thermodynamic work required is inversely proportional to the quality factor of the system. Our implementation demonstrates an energy dissipation significantly lower than the minimal cost of information processing in logically irreversible operations. It is, moreover, performed at high speed: A fully equilibrated final state is reached in only half a period of the oscillator. The results are supported by an analytical model that takes into account the presence of irreversibility. This Research Letter concludes with a discussion of optimization strategies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2844562-4
    ISSN 2470-0053 ; 2470-0045
    ISSN (online) 2470-0053
    ISSN 2470-0045
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.108.L022101
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  2. Article ; Online: Linking fluctuation and dissipation in spatially extended out-of-equilibrium systems.

    Fontana, Alex / Bellon, Ludovic

    Physical review. E

    2023  Volume 107, Issue 3-1, Page(s) 34118

    Abstract: For systems in equilibrium at a temperature T, thermal noise and energy damping are related to T through the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT). We study here an extension of the FDT to an out-of-equilibrium steady state: a microcantilever subject to ... ...

    Abstract For systems in equilibrium at a temperature T, thermal noise and energy damping are related to T through the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT). We study here an extension of the FDT to an out-of-equilibrium steady state: a microcantilever subject to a constant heat flux. The resulting thermal profile in this spatially extended system interplays with the local energy dissipation field to prescribe the amplitude of mechanical fluctuations. Using three samples with different damping profiles (localized or distributed), we probe this approach and experimentally demonstrate the link between fluctuations and dissipation. The thermal noise can therefore be predicted a priori from the measurement of the dissipation as a function of the maximum temperature of the micro-oscillator.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2844562-4
    ISSN 2470-0053 ; 2470-0045
    ISSN (online) 2470-0053
    ISSN 2470-0045
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.107.034118
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  3. Article ; Online: Dynamics of Information Erasure and Extension of Landauer's Bound to Fast Processes.

    Dago, Salambô / Bellon, Ludovic

    Physical review letters

    2022  Volume 128, Issue 7, Page(s) 70604

    Abstract: Using a double-well potential as a physical memory, we study with experiments and numerical simulations the energy exchanges during erasure processes, and model quantitatively the cost of fast operation. Within the stochastic thermodynamics framework we ... ...

    Abstract Using a double-well potential as a physical memory, we study with experiments and numerical simulations the energy exchanges during erasure processes, and model quantitatively the cost of fast operation. Within the stochastic thermodynamics framework we find the origins of the overhead to Landauer's bound required for fast operations: in the overdamped regime this term mainly comes from the dissipation, while in the underdamped regime it stems from the heating of the memory. Indeed, the system is thermalized with its environment at all times during quasistatic protocols, but for fast ones, the inefficient heat transfer to the thermostat is delayed with respect to the work influx, resulting in a transient temperature rise. The warming, quantitatively described by a comprehensive statistical physics description of the erasure process, is noticeable on both the kinetic and potential energy: they no longer comply with equipartition. The mean work and heat to erase the information therefore increase accordingly. They are both bounded by an effective Landauer's limit k_{B}T_{eff}ln2, where T_{eff} is a weighted average of the actual temperature of the memory during the process.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.070604
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  4. Article ; Online: Adiabatic computing for optimal thermodynamic efficiency of information processing.

    Dago, Salambô / Ciliberto, Sergio / Bellon, Ludovic

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2023  Volume 120, Issue 39, Page(s) e2301742120

    Abstract: Landauer's principle makes a strong connection between information theory and thermodynamics by stating that erasing a one-bit memory at temperature [Formula: see text] requires an average energy larger than [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] ... ...

    Abstract Landauer's principle makes a strong connection between information theory and thermodynamics by stating that erasing a one-bit memory at temperature [Formula: see text] requires an average energy larger than [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] Boltzmann's constant. This tiny limit has been saturated in model experiments using quasistatic processes. For faster operations, an overhead proportional to the processing speed and to the memory damping appears. In this article, we show that underdamped systems are a winning strategy to reduce this extra energetic cost. We prove both experimentally and theoretically that, in the limit of vanishing dissipation mechanisms in the memory, the physical system is thermally insulated from its environment during fast erasures, i.e., fast protocols are adiabatic as no heat is exchanged with the bath. Using a fast optimal erasure protocol, we also show that these adiabatic processes produce a maximum adiabatic temperature [Formula: see text], and that Landauer's bound for fast erasures in underdamped systems becomes the adiabatic bound: [Formula: see text].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2301742120
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1148: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Book ; Online: Thermal noise calibration of functionalized cantilevers for force microscopy

    Archambault, Aubin / Crauste-Thibierge, Caroline / Bellon, Ludovic

    effects of the colloidal probe position

    2023  

    Abstract: Colloidal probes are often used in force microscopy when the geometry of the tip-sample interaction should be well controlled. Their calibration requires the understanding of their mechanical response, which is very sensitive to the details of the force ... ...

    Abstract Colloidal probes are often used in force microscopy when the geometry of the tip-sample interaction should be well controlled. Their calibration requires the understanding of their mechanical response, which is very sensitive to the details of the force sensor consisting of a cantilever and the attached colloid. We present analytical models to describe the dynamics of the cantilever and its load positioned anywhere along its length. The thermal noise calibration of such probes is then studied from a practical point of view, leading to correction coefficients that can be applied in standard force microscope calibration routines. Experimental measurements of resonance frequencies and thermal noise profiles of raw and loaded cantilevers demonstrate the validity of the approach.
    Keywords Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ; Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
    Subject code 612
    Publishing date 2023-11-15
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Book ; Online: Adiabatic computing for optimal thermodynamic efficiency of information processing

    Dago, Salambô / Ciliberto, Sergio / Bellon, Ludovic

    2023  

    Abstract: Landauer's principle makes a strong connection between information theory and thermodynamics by stating that erasing a one-bit memory at temperature $T_0$ requires an average energy larger than $W_{LB}=k_BT_0 \ln2$, with $k_B$ Boltzmann's constant. This ... ...

    Abstract Landauer's principle makes a strong connection between information theory and thermodynamics by stating that erasing a one-bit memory at temperature $T_0$ requires an average energy larger than $W_{LB}=k_BT_0 \ln2$, with $k_B$ Boltzmann's constant. This tiny limit has been saturated in model experiments using quasi-static processes. For faster operations, an overhead proportional to the processing speed and to the memory damping appears. In this article, we show that underdamped systems are a winning strategy to reduce this extra energetic cost. We prove both experimentally and theoretically that, in the limit of vanishing dissipation mechanisms in the memory, the physical system is thermally insulated from its environment during fast erasures, i.e. fast protocols are adiabatic as no heat is exchanged with the bath. Using a fast optimal erasure protocol we also show that these adiabatic processes produce a maximum adiabatic temperature $T_a=2T_0$, and that Landauer's bound for fast erasures in underdamped systems becomes the adiabatic bound: $W_a = k_B T_0$.
    Keywords Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
    Subject code 612
    Publishing date 2023-02-20
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Book ; Online: Virtual double-well potential for an underdamped oscillator created by a feedback loop

    Dago, Salambô / Pereda, Jorge / Ciliberto, Sergio / Bellon, Ludovic

    2022  

    Abstract: Virtual potentials are a very elegant, precise and flexible tool to manipulate small systems and explore fundamental questions in stochastic thermodynamics. In particular double-well potentials have applications in information processing, such as the ... ...

    Abstract Virtual potentials are a very elegant, precise and flexible tool to manipulate small systems and explore fundamental questions in stochastic thermodynamics. In particular double-well potentials have applications in information processing, such as the demonstration of Landauer's principle. Nevertheless, virtual double-well potentials had never been implemented in underdamped systems. In this article, we detail how to face the experimental challenge of creating a feedback loop for an underdamped system (exploring its potential energy landscape much faster than its over-damped counterpart), in order to build a tunable virtual double-well potential. To properly describe the system behavior in the feedback trap, we express the switching time in the double-well for all barrier heights, combining for the first time Kramer's description, valid at high barriers, with an adjusted model for lower ones. We show that a small hysteresis or delay of the feedback loop in the switches between the two wells results in a modified velocity distribution, interpreted as a cooling of the kinetic temperature of the system. We successfully address all issues to create experimentally a virtual potential that is statistically indistinguishable from a physical one, with a tunable barrier height and energy step between the two wells.
    Keywords Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
    Subject code 629
    Publishing date 2022-01-24
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
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  8. Article ; Online: Large colloidal probes for atomic force microscopy: Fabrication and calibration issues.

    Chighizola, Matteo / Puricelli, Luca / Bellon, Ludovic / Podestà, Alessandro

    Journal of molecular recognition : JMR

    2020  Volume 34, Issue 1, Page(s) e2879

    Abstract: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool to investigate interaction forces at the micro and nanoscale. Cantilever stiffness, dimensions and geometry of the tip can be chosen according to the requirements of the specific application, in terms of ... ...

    Abstract Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool to investigate interaction forces at the micro and nanoscale. Cantilever stiffness, dimensions and geometry of the tip can be chosen according to the requirements of the specific application, in terms of spatial resolution and force sensitivity. Colloidal probes (CPs), obtained by attaching a spherical particle to a tipless (TL) cantilever, offer several advantages for accurate force measurements: tunable and well-characterisable radius; higher averaging capabilities (at the expense of spatial resolution) and sensitivity to weak interactions; a well-defined interaction geometry (sphere on flat), which allows accurate and reliable data fitting by means of analytical models. The dynamics of standard AFM probes has been widely investigated, and protocols have been developed for the calibration of the cantilever spring constant. Nevertheless, the dynamics of CPs, and in particular of large CPs, with radius well above 10 μm and mass comparable, or larger, than the cantilever mass, is at present still poorly characterized. Here we describe the fabrication and calibration of (large) CPs. We describe and discuss the peculiar dynamical behaviour of CPs, and present an alternative protocol for the accurate calibration of the spring constant.
    MeSH term(s) Calibration ; Colloids/analysis ; Microscopy, Atomic Force/methods
    Chemical Substances Colloids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1015084-5
    ISSN 1099-1352 ; 0952-3499
    ISSN (online) 1099-1352
    ISSN 0952-3499
    DOI 10.1002/jmr.2879
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2954: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  9. Article ; Online: Information and Thermodynamics: Fast and Precise Approach to Landauer's Bound in an Underdamped Micromechanical Oscillator.

    Dago, Salambô / Pereda, Jorge / Barros, Nicolas / Ciliberto, Sergio / Bellon, Ludovic

    Physical review letters

    2021  Volume 126, Issue 17, Page(s) 170601

    Abstract: The Landauer principle states that at least k_{B}Tln2 of energy is required to erase a 1-bit memory, with k_{B}T the thermal energy of the system. We study the effects of inertia on this bound using as one-bit memory an underdamped micromechanical ... ...

    Abstract The Landauer principle states that at least k_{B}Tln2 of energy is required to erase a 1-bit memory, with k_{B}T the thermal energy of the system. We study the effects of inertia on this bound using as one-bit memory an underdamped micromechanical oscillator confined in a double-well potential created by a feedback loop. The potential barrier is precisely tunable in the few k_{B}T range. We measure, within the stochastic thermodynamic framework, the work and the heat of the erasure protocol. We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that, in this underdamped system, the Landauer bound is reached with a 1% uncertainty, with protocols as short as 100 ms.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.170601
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  10. Article ; Online: Thermal noise of a cryocooled silicon cantilever locally heated up to its melting point.

    Fontana, Alex / Pedurand, Richard / Dolique, Vincent / Hansali, Ghaouti / Bellon, Ludovic

    Physical review. E

    2021  Volume 103, Issue 6-1, Page(s) 62125

    Abstract: The Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem (FDT) is a powerful tool to estimate the thermal noise of physical systems in equilibrium. In general, however, thermal equilibrium is an approximation or cannot be assumed at all. A more general formulation of the FDT ...

    Abstract The Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem (FDT) is a powerful tool to estimate the thermal noise of physical systems in equilibrium. In general, however, thermal equilibrium is an approximation or cannot be assumed at all. A more general formulation of the FDT is then needed to describe the behavior of the fluctuations. In our experiment we study a microcantilever brought out of equilibrium by a strong heat flux generated by the absorption of the light of a laser. While the base is kept at cryogenic temperatures, the tip is heated up to the melting point, thus creating the highest temperature difference the system can sustain. We independently estimate the temperature profile of the cantilever and its mechanical fluctuations as well as its dissipation. We then demonstrate how the thermal fluctuations of all the observed degrees of freedom, though increasing with the heat flux, are much lower than what is expected from the average temperature of the system. We interpret these results using a minimal extension of the FDT: this dearth of thermal noise arises from a dissipation shared between clamping losses and distributed damping.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2844562-4
    ISSN 2470-0053 ; 2470-0045
    ISSN (online) 2470-0053
    ISSN 2470-0045
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.103.062125
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