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Article: Characterization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone producing neurons in sea urchin, from larva to juvenile.

Cocurullo, Maria / Paganos, Periklis / Benvenuto, Giovanna / Arnone, Maria Ina

2024 Volume 18, Page(s) 1378520

Abstract: Most sea urchin species are indirect developers, going through a larval stage called pluteus. The pluteus possesses its own nervous system, consisting mainly of the apical organ neurons (controlling metamorphosis and settlement) and ciliary band neurons ( ...

Abstract	Most sea urchin species are indirect developers, going through a larval stage called pluteus. The pluteus possesses its own nervous system, consisting mainly of the apical organ neurons (controlling metamorphosis and settlement) and ciliary band neurons (controlling swimming behavior and food collection). Additional neurons are located in various areas of the gut. In recent years, the molecular complexity of this apparently "simple" nervous system has become apparent, with at least 12 neuronal populations identified through scRNA-sequencing in the species
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2411902-7
ISSN	1662-453X ; 1662-4548
ISSN (online)	1662-453X
ISSN	1662-4548
DOI	10.3389/fnins.2024.1378520
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Article ; Online: Resting cells of Skeletonema marinoi assimilate organic compounds and respire by dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in dark, anoxic conditions.

Stenow, Rickard / Robertson, Elizabeth K / Kourtchenko, Olga / Whitehouse, Martin J / Pinder, Matthew I M / Benvenuto, Giovanna / Töpel, Mats / Godhe, Anna / Ploug, Helle

Environmental microbiology

2024 Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) e16625

Abstract: Diatoms can survive long periods in dark, anoxic sediments by forming resting spores or resting cells. These have been considered dormant until recently when resting cells of Skeletonema marinoi were shown to assimilate nitrate and ammonium from the ... ...

Abstract	Diatoms can survive long periods in dark, anoxic sediments by forming resting spores or resting cells. These have been considered dormant until recently when resting cells of Skeletonema marinoi were shown to assimilate nitrate and ammonium from the ambient environment in dark, anoxic conditions. Here, we show that resting cells of S. marinoi can also perform dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), in dark, anoxic conditions. Transmission electron microscope analyses showed that chloroplasts were compacted, and few large mitochondria had visible cristae within resting cells. Using secondary ion mass spectrometry and isotope ratio mass spectrometry combined with stable isotopic tracers, we measured assimilatory and dissimilatory processes carried out by resting cells of S. marinoi under dark, anoxic conditions. Nitrate was both respired by DNRA and assimilated into biomass by resting cells. Cells assimilated nitrogen from urea and carbon from acetate, both of which are sources of dissolved organic matter produced in sediments. Carbon and nitrogen assimilation rates corresponded to turnover rates of cellular carbon and nitrogen content ranging between 469 and 10,000 years. Hence, diatom resting cells can sustain their cells in dark, anoxic sediments by slowly assimilating and respiring substrates from the ambient environment.
MeSH term(s)	Nitrates/metabolism ; Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Diatoms/metabolism ; Anaerobiosis ; Darkness ; Organic Chemicals/metabolism ; Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Carbon/metabolism ; Nitrogen/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Nitrates ; Ammonium Compounds ; Organic Chemicals ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2020213-1
ISSN	1462-2920 ; 1462-2912
ISSN (online)	1462-2920
ISSN	1462-2912
DOI	10.1111/1462-2920.16625
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Article: Adverse Effect of Metallic Gold and Silver Nanoparticles on

Carotenuto, Rosa / Tussellino, Margherita / Fusco, Sabato / Benvenuto, Giovanna / Formiggini, Fabio / Avallone, Bice / Motta, Chiara Maria / Fogliano, Chiara / Netti, Paolo Antonio

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 13, Issue 17

Abstract: Exposure to metal nanoparticles is potentially harmful, particularly when occurring during embryogenesis. In this study, we tested the effects of commercial AuNPs and AgNPs, widely used in many fields for their features, on the early development ... ...

Abstract	Exposure to metal nanoparticles is potentially harmful, particularly when occurring during embryogenesis. In this study, we tested the effects of commercial AuNPs and AgNPs, widely used in many fields for their features, on the early development of
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662255-5
ISSN	2079-4991
ISSN	2079-4991
DOI	10.3390/nano13172488
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Article: Toxic effects of SiO2NPs in early embryogenesis of Xenopuslaevis

Carotenuto, Rosa / Tussellino, Margherita / Ronca, Raffaele / Benvenuto, Giovanna / Fogliano, Chiara / Fusco, Sabato / Netti, Paolo Antonio

Chemosphere. 2022 Feb., v. 289

2022

Abstract: The exposure of organisms to the nanoparticulate is potentially hazardous, particularly when it occurs during embryogenesis. The effects of commercial SiO₂NPs in early development were studied, using Xenopus laevis as a model to investigate their ... ...

Abstract	The exposure of organisms to the nanoparticulate is potentially hazardous, particularly when it occurs during embryogenesis. The effects of commercial SiO₂NPs in early development were studied, using Xenopus laevis as a model to investigate their possible future employment by means of the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus test (FETAX). The SiO₂NPs did not change the survival but produced several abnormalities in developing embryos, in particular, the dorsal pigmentation, the cartilages of the head and branchial arches were modified; the encephalon, spinal cord and nerves are anomalous and the intestinal brush border show signs of suffering; these embryos are also bradycardic. In addition, the expression of genes involved in the early pathways of embryo development was modified. Treated embryos showed an increase of reactive oxygen species. This study suggests that SiO₂NPs are toxic but non-lethal and showed potential teratogenic effects in Xenopus. The latter may be due to their cellular accumulation and/or to the effect caused by the interaction of SiO₂NPs with cytoplasmic and/or nuclear components. ROS production could contribute to the observed effects. In conclusion, the data indicates that the use of SiO₂NPs requires close attention and further studies to better clarify their activity in animals, including humans.
Keywords	Xenopus laevis ; early development ; embryogenesis ; employment ; frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus ; head ; intestines ; microvilli ; pigmentation ; reactive oxygen species ; spinal cord ; teratogenicity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-02
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133233
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Article: Post-metamorphic skeletal growth in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and implications for body plan evolution.

Thompson, Jeffrey R / Paganos, Periklis / Benvenuto, Giovanna / Arnone, Maria Ina / Oliveri, Paola

EvoDevo

2021 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 3

Abstract: Background: Understanding the molecular and cellular processes that underpin animal development are crucial for understanding the diversity of body plans found on the planet today. Because of their abundance in the fossil record, and tractability as a ... ...

Abstract	Background: Understanding the molecular and cellular processes that underpin animal development are crucial for understanding the diversity of body plans found on the planet today. Because of their abundance in the fossil record, and tractability as a model system in the lab, skeletons provide an ideal experimental model to understand the origins of animal diversity. We herein use molecular and cellular markers to understand the growth and development of the juvenile sea urchin (echinoid) skeleton. Results: We developed a detailed staging scheme based off of the first ~ 4 weeks of post-metamorphic life of the regular echinoid Paracentrotus lividus. We paired this scheme with immunohistochemical staining for neuronal, muscular, and skeletal tissues, and fluorescent assays of skeletal growth and cell proliferation to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying skeletal growth and development of the sea urchin body plan. Conclusions: Our experiments highlight the role of skeletogenic proteins in accretionary skeletal growth and cell proliferation in the addition of new metameric tissues. Furthermore, this work provides a framework for understanding the developmental evolution of sea urchin body plans on macroevolutionary timescales.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563566-9
ISSN	2041-9139
ISSN	2041-9139
DOI	10.1186/s13227-021-00174-1
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Article: The diatom Chaetoceros socialis: spore formation and preservation

Pelusi, Angela / Santelia, Maria Elisabetta / Benvenuto, Giovanna / Godhe, Anna / Montresor, Marina

European journal of phycology. 2020 Jan. 02, v. 55, no. 1

2020

Abstract: Planktonic diatoms thrive in the water column, and several species can transform into resting stages – spores or resting cells – that sink to the bottom of the sea. Resting stages are generally produced when environmental conditions are not optimal for ... ...

Abstract	Planktonic diatoms thrive in the water column, and several species can transform into resting stages – spores or resting cells – that sink to the bottom of the sea. Resting stages are generally produced when environmental conditions are not optimal for growth and can remain viable in sediments for a long time. We tested different aspects related to the formation of spores in Chaetoceros socialis, one of the dominant diatoms in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea, Italy). Observations in time lapse and confocal laser scanning microscopy allowed illustration of the formation of endogenous spores, in which valve deposition is accompanied by an acytokinetic nuclear division. The complete transition from vegetative cell to spore takes about 8–10 h and, if exposed to the light, spores can germinate again after a few days. The depletion of nitrogen source in the culture medium induced the formation of spores, with very similar dynamics among different sympatric strains; extremely high percentages of spores (up to >95%) were produced after 4–5 days. Once formed, spores can remain viable for up to nine months, and anoxic conditions favour their preservation. Identical dynamics of spore formation were detected in freshly established cultures and in cultures produced by the germination of spores kept dormant for different lengths of time. Our results suggest that spores of C. socialis can, in principle, rapidly shift between vegetative cells and resting stages that may explain the success of this species in coastal water. Our results also demonstrate that storage of resting spores may represent an alternative to cryopreservation.
Keywords	Bacillariophyceae ; Chaetoceros ; algology ; coastal water ; cryopreservation ; culture media ; germination ; nitrogen ; plankton ; spores ; sympatry ; Italy ; Mediterranean Sea
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0102
Size	p. 1-10.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	1481147-9
ISSN	1469-4433 ; 0967-0262
ISSN (online)	1469-4433
ISSN	0967-0262
DOI	10.1080/09670262.2019.1632935
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Article: Integrating single cell transcriptomics and volume electron microscopy confirms the presence of pancreatic acinar-like cells in sea urchins.

Paganos, Periklis / Ronchi, Paolo / Carl, Jil / Mizzon, Giulia / Martinez, Pedro / Benvenuto, Giovanna / Arnone, Maria Ina

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 991664

Abstract: The identity and function of a given cell type relies on the differential expression of gene batteries that promote diverse phenotypes and functional specificities. Therefore, the identification of the molecular and morphological fingerprints of cell ... ...

Abstract	The identity and function of a given cell type relies on the differential expression of gene batteries that promote diverse phenotypes and functional specificities. Therefore, the identification of the molecular and morphological fingerprints of cell types across taxa is essential for untangling their evolution. Here we use a multidisciplinary approach to identify the molecular and morphological features of an exocrine, pancreas-like cell type harbored within the sea urchin larval gut. Using single cell transcriptomics, we identify various cell populations with a pancreatic-like molecular fingerprint that are enriched within the
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2737824-X
ISSN	2296-634X
ISSN	2296-634X
DOI	10.3389/fcell.2022.991664
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Article ; Online: Escherichia coli as a Model for the Description of the Antimicrobial Mechanism of a Cationic Polymer Surface: Cellular Target and Bacterial Contrast Response.

Izzo, Lorella / Matrella, Simona / Mella, Massimo / Benvenuto, Giovanna / Vigliotta, Giovanni

ACS applied materials & interfaces

2019 Volume 11, Issue 17, Page(s) 15332–15343

Abstract: In this study, we use Escherichia coli as a model to investigate the antimicrobial mechanism of a film made of a copolymer based on monomethylether poly(ethylene glycol), methyl methacrylate, and 2-dimethyl(aminoethyl) methacrylate, whose surface is ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we use Escherichia coli as a model to investigate the antimicrobial mechanism of a film made of a copolymer based on monomethylether poly(ethylene glycol), methyl methacrylate, and 2-dimethyl(aminoethyl) methacrylate, whose surface is active towards Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The polymer contains not quaternized amino groups that can generate a charged surface by protonation when in contact with water. For this purpose, we adopted a dual strategy based on the analysis of cell damage caused by contact with the polymer surface and on the evaluation of the cell response to the surface toxic action. The lithic effect on the protoplasts of E. coli showed that the polymer surface can affect the structure of cytoplasmic membranes, while assays of calcein leakage from large unilamellar vesicles at different phospholipid compositions indicated that action on membranes does not need a functionally active cell. On the other hand, the significant increase in sensitivity to actinomycin D demonstrates that the polymer interferes also with the structure of the outer membrane, modifying its permeability. The study on gene expression, based on the analysis of the transcripts in a temporal window where the contact with the polymer is not lethal and the damage is reversible, showed that some key genes of the synthesis and maintenance of the outer membrane structure ( fabR, fadR, fabA, waaA, waaC, kdsA, pldA, and pagP), as well as regulators of cellular response to oxidative stress ( soxS), are more expressed when bacteria are exposed to the polymer surface. All together these results identified the outer membrane as the main cellular target of the antimicrobial surface and indicated a specific cellular response to damage, providing more information on the antimicrobial mechanism. In this perspective, data reported here could play a pivotal role in a microbial growth control strategy based not only on the structural improvements of the materials but also on the possibility of intervening on the cellular pathways involved in the contrast reaction to these and other polymers with similar mechanisms.
MeSH term(s)	Acyltransferases/genetics ; Acyltransferases/metabolism ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Wall/drug effects ; Cell Wall/metabolism ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible/pharmacology ; Dactinomycin/chemistry ; Dactinomycin/metabolism ; Dactinomycin/pharmacology ; Electric Conductivity ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/growth & development ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics ; Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism ; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry ; Polymers/chemistry ; Polymers/pharmacology ; Polymethyl Methacrylate/chemistry ; Surface Properties ; Trans-Activators/genetics ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Unilamellar Liposomes/chemistry ; Unilamellar Liposomes/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Polymers ; Trans-Activators ; Unilamellar Liposomes ; SoxS protein, E coli (137804-82-1) ; Dactinomycin (1CC1JFE158) ; Polyethylene Glycols (3WJQ0SDW1A) ; monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (9004-74-4) ; Polymethyl Methacrylate (9011-14-7) ; Acyltransferases (EC 2.3.-) ; PagP protein, E coli (EC 2.3.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1944-8252
ISSN (online)	1944-8252
DOI	10.1021/acsami.9b02903
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Article: Escherichia coli as a Model for the Description of the Antimicrobial Mechanism of a Cationic Polymer Surface: Cellular Target and Bacterial Contrast Response

Izzo, Lorella / Benvenuto, Giovanna / Matrella, Simona / Mella, Massimo / Vigliotta, Giovanni

ACS applied materials & interfaces. 2019 Apr. 05, v. 11, no. 17

2019

Abstract	In this study, we use Escherichia coli as a model to investigate the antimicrobial mechanism of a film made of a copolymer based on monomethylether poly(ethylene glycol), methyl methacrylate, and 2-dimethyl(aminoethyl) methacrylate, whose surface is active towards Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The polymer contains not quaternized amino groups that can generate a charged surface by protonation when in contact with water. For this purpose, we adopted a dual strategy based on the analysis of cell damage caused by contact with the polymer surface and on the evaluation of the cell response to the surface toxic action. The lithic effect on the protoplasts of E. coli showed that the polymer surface can affect the structure of cytoplasmic membranes, while assays of calcein leakage from large unilamellar vesicles at different phospholipid compositions indicated that action on membranes does not need a functionally active cell. On the other hand, the significant increase in sensitivity to actinomycin D demonstrates that the polymer interferes also with the structure of the outer membrane, modifying its permeability. The study on gene expression, based on the analysis of the transcripts in a temporal window where the contact with the polymer is not lethal and the damage is reversible, showed that some key genes of the synthesis and maintenance of the outer membrane structure (fabR, fadR, fabA, waaA, waaC, kdsA, pldA, and pagP), as well as regulators of cellular response to oxidative stress (soxS), are more expressed when bacteria are exposed to the polymer surface. All together these results identified the outer membrane as the main cellular target of the antimicrobial surface and indicated a specific cellular response to damage, providing more information on the antimicrobial mechanism. In this perspective, data reported here could play a pivotal role in a microbial growth control strategy based not only on the structural improvements of the materials but also on the possibility of intervening on the cellular pathways involved in the contrast reaction to these and other polymers with similar mechanisms.
Keywords	actinomycin D ; cell membranes ; composite polymers ; Escherichia coli ; gene expression ; genes ; Gram-positive bacteria ; messenger RNA ; microbial growth ; models ; oxidative stress ; permeability ; phospholipids ; polyethylene glycol ; protonation ; protoplasts ; toxicity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0405
Size	p. 15332-15343.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ISSN	1944-8252
DOI	10.1021/acsami.9b02903
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Comparative Toxicological Evaluation of Tattoo Inks on Two Model Organisms.

Carotenuto, Rosa / Fogliano, Chiara / Rienzi, Mariangela / Siciliano, Antonietta / Salvatore, Maria Michela / De Tommaso, Gaetano / Benvenuto, Giovanna / Galdiero, Emilia / Guida, Marco

Biology

2021 Volume 10, Issue 12

Abstract: Tattooing is a technique that introduces colored substances under the skin in order to color it permanently. Decomposition products of tattoo pigments produce numerous damages for the skin and other organs. We studied the effects of a commercial red ink ... ...

Abstract	Tattooing is a technique that introduces colored substances under the skin in order to color it permanently. Decomposition products of tattoo pigments produce numerous damages for the skin and other organs. We studied the effects of a commercial red ink tattoo, PR170, on
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2661517-4
ISSN	2079-7737
ISSN	2079-7737
DOI	10.3390/biology10121308
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