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  1. Article ; Online: Local delivery of doxorubicin prodrug via lipid nanocapsule-based hydrogel for the treatment of glioblastoma.

    Wang, Mingchao / Bergès, Raphaël / Malfanti, Alessio / Préat, Véronique / Bastiancich, Chiara

    Drug delivery and translational research

    2023  

    Abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM) recurrences appear in most cases around the resection cavity borders and arise from residual GBM cells that cannot be removed by surgery. Here, we propose a novel treatment that combines the advantages of nanomedicine and local drug ... ...

    Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) recurrences appear in most cases around the resection cavity borders and arise from residual GBM cells that cannot be removed by surgery. Here, we propose a novel treatment that combines the advantages of nanomedicine and local drug delivery to target these infiltrating GBM cells. We developed an injectable lipid nanocapsule (LNC)-based formulation loaded with lauroyl-doxorubicin prodrug (DOXC
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2590155-2
    ISSN 2190-3948 ; 2190-393X
    ISSN (online) 2190-3948
    ISSN 2190-393X
    DOI 10.1007/s13346-023-01456-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Low concentrations of vorinostat decrease EB1 expression in GBM cells and affect microtubule dynamics, cell survival and migration.

    Perez, Thomas / Bergès, Raphaël / Maccario, Hélène / Oddoux, Sarah / Honoré, Stéphane

    Oncotarget

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 304–315

    Abstract: Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most frequent primitive brain tumor with a high recurrence and mortality. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have evoked great interest because they are able to change transcriptomic profiles to promote tumor cell ... ...

    Abstract Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most frequent primitive brain tumor with a high recurrence and mortality. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have evoked great interest because they are able to change transcriptomic profiles to promote tumor cell death but also induce side effects due to the lack of selectivity. We show in this paper new anticancer properties and mechanisms of action of low concentrations of vorinostat on various GBM cells which acts by affecting microtubule cytoskeleton in a non-histone 3 (H3) manner. Indeed, vorinostat induces tubulin acetylation and detyrosination, affects EB stabilizing cap on microtubule plus ends and suppresses microtubule dynamic instability. We previously identified EB1 overexpression as a marker of bad prognostic in GBM. Interestingly, we show for the first time to our knowledge, a strong decrease of EB1 expression in GBM cells by a drug. Altogether, our results suggest that low dose vorinostat, which is more selective for HDAC6 inhibition, could therefore represent an interesting therapeutic option for GBM especially in patients with EB1 overexpressing tumor with lower expected side effects. A validation of our hypothesis is needed during future clinical trials with this drug in GBM.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2560162-3
    ISSN 1949-2553 ; 1949-2553
    ISSN (online) 1949-2553
    ISSN 1949-2553
    DOI 10.18632/oncotarget.27892
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Deciphering the Action of Neuraminidase in Glioblastoma Models.

    Baeza-Kallee, Nathalie / Bergès, Raphaël / Hein, Victoria / Cabaret, Stéphanie / Garcia, Jeremy / Gros, Abigaëlle / Tabouret, Emeline / Tchoghandjian, Aurélie / Colin, Carole / Figarella-Branger, Dominique

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 14

    Abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM) contains cancer stem cells (CSC) that are resistant to treatment. GBM CSC expresses glycolipids recognized by the A2B5 antibody. A2B5, induced by the enzyme ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyl transferase 3 (ST8Sia3), plays ...

    Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) contains cancer stem cells (CSC) that are resistant to treatment. GBM CSC expresses glycolipids recognized by the A2B5 antibody. A2B5, induced by the enzyme ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyl transferase 3 (ST8Sia3), plays a crucial role in the proliferation, migration, clonogenicity and tumorigenesis of GBM CSC. Our aim was to characterize the resulting effects of neuraminidase that removes A2B5 in order to target GBM CSC. To this end, we set up a GBM organotypic slice model; quantified A2B5 expression by flow cytometry in U87-MG, U87-ST8Sia3 and GBM CSC lines, treated or not by neuraminidase; performed RNAseq and DNA methylation profiling; and analyzed the ganglioside expression by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in these cell lines, treated or not with neuraminidase. Results demonstrated that neuraminidase decreased A2B5 expression, tumor size and regrowth after surgical removal in the organotypic slice model but did not induce a distinct transcriptomic or epigenetic signature in GBM CSC lines. RNAseq analysis revealed that
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Glioblastoma/metabolism ; Neuraminidase/genetics ; Neuraminidase/metabolism ; Brain Neoplasms/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms241411645
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: EB1-dependent long survival of glioblastoma-grafted mice with the oral tubulin-binder BAL101553 is associated with inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.

    Bergès, Raphaël / Tchoghandjian, Aurélie / Sergé, Arnauld / Honoré, Stéphane / Figarella-Branger, Dominique / Bachmann, Felix / Lane, Heidi A / Braguer, Diane

    Oncotarget

    2020  Volume 11, Issue 8, Page(s) 759–774

    Abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM) are aggressive brain tumors with limited treatment options. Cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) contribute to GBM invasiveness, representing promising targets. BAL101553, a prodrug of BAL27862, is a novel small molecule tubulin-binding ... ...

    Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) are aggressive brain tumors with limited treatment options. Cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) contribute to GBM invasiveness, representing promising targets. BAL101553, a prodrug of BAL27862, is a novel small molecule tubulin-binding agent, promoting tumor cell death through spindle assembly checkpoint activation, which is currently in Phase 1/2a in advanced solid tumor patients including GBM. This study aimed to evaluate long-term daily oral BAL101553 treatment of mice orthotopically grafted with GBM CSLCs (GBM6) according to EB1 expression-level, and to decipher its mechanism of action on GBM stem cells. Oral treatment with BAL101553 for 100 days provoked a large EB1 expression level-dependent survival benefit, together with a decrease in tumor growth and brain invasion. Formation of vascular structures by the fluorescent GBM6-GFP-sh0 cells, mimicking endothelial vascular networks, was observed in the brains of control grafted mice. Following BAL101553 treatment, vessels were no longer detectable, suggesting inhibition of the endothelial trans-differentiation of GBM stem cells.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2560162-3
    ISSN 1949-2553 ; 1949-2553
    ISSN (online) 1949-2553
    ISSN 1949-2553
    DOI 10.18632/oncotarget.27374
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Combination drug screen targeting glioblastoma core vulnerabilities reveals pharmacological synergisms.

    Ariey-Bonnet, Jérémy / Berges, Raphael / Montero, Marie-Pierre / Mouysset, Baptiste / Piris, Patricia / Muller, Kevin / Pinna, Guillaume / Failes, Tim W / Arndt, Greg M / Morando, Philippe / Baeza-Kallee, Nathalie / Colin, Carole / Chinot, Olivier / Braguer, Diane / Morelli, Xavier / André, Nicolas / Carré, Manon / Tabouret, Emeline / Figarella-Branger, Dominique /
    Le Grand, Marion / Pasquier, Eddy

    EBioMedicine

    2023  Volume 95, Page(s) 104752

    Abstract: Background: Pharmacological synergisms are an attractive anticancer strategy. However, with more than 5000 approved-drugs and compounds in clinical development, identifying synergistic treatments represents a major challenge.: Methods: High- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Pharmacological synergisms are an attractive anticancer strategy. However, with more than 5000 approved-drugs and compounds in clinical development, identifying synergistic treatments represents a major challenge.
    Methods: High-throughput screening was combined with target deconvolution and functional genomics to reveal targetable vulnerabilities in glioblastoma. The role of the top gene hit was investigated by RNA interference, transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry in glioblastoma patient samples. Drug combination screen using a custom-made library of 88 compounds in association with six inhibitors of the identified glioblastoma vulnerabilities was performed to unveil pharmacological synergisms. Glioblastoma 3D spheroid, organotypic ex vivo and syngeneic orthotopic mouse models were used to validate synergistic treatments.
    Findings: Nine targetable vulnerabilities were identified in glioblastoma and the top gene hit RRM1 was validated as an independent prognostic factor. The associations of CHK1/MEK and AURKA/BET inhibitors were identified as the most potent amongst 528 tested pairwise drug combinations and their efficacy was validated in 3D spheroid models. The high synergism of AURKA/BET dual inhibition was confirmed in ex vivo and in vivo glioblastoma models, without detectable toxicity.
    Interpretation: Our work provides strong pre-clinical evidence of the efficacy of AURKA/BET inhibitor combination in glioblastoma and opens new therapeutic avenues for this unmet medical need. Besides, we established the proof-of-concept of a stepwise approach aiming at exploiting drug poly-pharmacology to unveil druggable cancer vulnerabilities and to fast-track the identification of synergistic combinations against refractory cancers.
    Funding: This study was funded by institutional grants and charities.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Glioblastoma/drug therapy ; Glioblastoma/genetics ; Aurora Kinase A ; Drug Synergism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Combinations
    Chemical Substances Aurora Kinase A (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Drug Combinations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2851331-9
    ISSN 2352-3964
    ISSN (online) 2352-3964
    DOI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104752
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  6. Article: Glycolipids Recognized by A2B5 Antibody Promote Proliferation, Migration, and Clonogenicity in Glioblastoma Cells.

    Baeza-Kallee, Nathalie / Bergès, Raphaël / Soubéran, Aurélie / Colin, Carole / Denicolaï, Emilie / Appay, Romain / Tchoghandjian, Aurélie / Figarella-Branger, Dominique

    Cancers

    2019  Volume 11, Issue 9

    Abstract: A2B5+ cells isolated from human glioblastomas exhibit cancer stem cell properties. The A2B5 epitope belongs to the sialoganglioside family and is synthetized by the ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminidase α-2,8-sialyltransferase 3 (ST8SIA3) enzyme. Glycolipids ... ...

    Abstract A2B5+ cells isolated from human glioblastomas exhibit cancer stem cell properties. The A2B5 epitope belongs to the sialoganglioside family and is synthetized by the ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminidase α-2,8-sialyltransferase 3 (ST8SIA3) enzyme. Glycolipids represent attractive targets for solid tumors; therefore, the aim of this study was to decipher A2B5 function in glioblastomas. To this end, we developed cell lines expressing various levels of A2B5 either by genetically manipulating ST8SIA3 or by using neuraminidase. The overexpression of ST8SIA3 in low-A2B5-expressing cells resulted in a dramatic increase of A2B5 immunoreactivity. ST8SIA3 overexpression increased cell proliferation, migration, and clonogenicity in vitro and tumor growth when cells were intracranially grafted. Conversely, lentiviral ST8SIA3 inactivation in low-A2B5-expressing cells resulted in reduced proliferation, migration, and clonogenicity in vitro and extended mouse survival. Furthermore, in the shST8SIA3 cells, we found an active apoptotic phenotype. In high-A2B5-expressing cancer stem cells, lentiviral delivery of shST8SIA3 stopped cell growth. Neuraminidase treatment, which modifies the A2B5 epitope, impaired cell survival, proliferation, self-renewal, and migration. Our findings prove the crucial role of the A2B5 epitope in the promotion of proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, and tumorigenesis, pointing at A2B5 as an attractive therapeutic target for glioblastomas.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527080-1
    ISSN 2072-6694
    ISSN 2072-6694
    DOI 10.3390/cancers11091267
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  7. Article ; Online: Axon cytoskeleton proteins specifically modulate oligodendrocyte growth and differentiation in vitro.

    Fressinaud, Catherine / Berges, Raphaël / Eyer, Joël

    Neurochemistry international

    2012  Volume 60, Issue 1, Page(s) 78–90

    Abstract: In multiple sclerosis (MS) remyelination by oligodendrocytes (OL) is incomplete, and it is associated with a decrease in axonal neurofilaments (NF) and tubulin (TUB). To determine whether these proteins could participate directly in MS remyelination ... ...

    Abstract In multiple sclerosis (MS) remyelination by oligodendrocytes (OL) is incomplete, and it is associated with a decrease in axonal neurofilaments (NF) and tubulin (TUB). To determine whether these proteins could participate directly in MS remyelination failure, or indirectly through proteins that are co-associated, we have analysed their effects in pure OL cultures. Rat brain NF fractions, recovered by successive centrifugations increase either OL progenitor (OLP) proliferation (2nd pellet, P2), or only their maturation (P5), whereas albumin, liver and skin proteins, as well as recombinant GFAP or purified actin were ineffective. NF (P2) copurify mainly with TUB, as well as with other proteins, like MAPs, Tau, spectrin β2, and synapsin 2. These purified, or recombinant, proteins increased OLP proliferation without delaying their maturation, and appeared responsible for the proliferation observed with P2 fractions. Among putative signaling pathways mediating these effects Fyn kinase was not involved. Whereas NF did not alter the growth of cultured astrocytes, the NF associated proteins enhanced their proliferation. This suggests that NF and their associated proteins exert specific effects on OL development, broadening the field of axon-oligodendrocyte interactions. In case of axon damage in vivo, extracellular release of such axonal proteins could regulate remyelination and astrocytic gliosis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Astrocytes/cytology ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Axons/chemistry ; Axons/physiology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/pharmacology ; Neurofilament Proteins/pharmacology ; Oligodendroglia/cytology ; Oligodendroglia/drug effects ; Oligodendroglia/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
    Chemical Substances Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Neurofilament Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 283190-9
    ISSN 1872-9754 ; 0197-0186
    ISSN (online) 1872-9754
    ISSN 0197-0186
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.10.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Proscillaridin A exerts anti-tumor effects through GSK3β activation and alteration of microtubule dynamics in glioblastoma.

    Berges, Raphael / Denicolai, Emilie / Tchoghandjian, Aurélie / Baeza-Kallee, Nathalie / Honore, Stephane / Figarella-Branger, Dominique / Braguer, Diane

    Cell death & disease

    2018  Volume 9, Issue 10, Page(s) 984

    Abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by highly aggressive growth and invasive behavior. Due to the highly lethal nature of GBM, new therapies are urgently needed and repositioning of existing drugs is a promising approach. We have previously shown the ... ...

    Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by highly aggressive growth and invasive behavior. Due to the highly lethal nature of GBM, new therapies are urgently needed and repositioning of existing drugs is a promising approach. We have previously shown the activity of Proscillaridin A (ProA), a cardiac glycoside inhibitor of the Na(+)/K(+) ATPase (NKA) pump, against proliferation and migration of GBM cell lines. ProA inhibited tumor growth in vivo and increased mice survival after orthotopic grafting of GBM cells. This study aims to decipher the mechanism of action of ProA in GBM tumor and stem-like cells. ProA displayed cytotoxic activity on tumor and stem-like cells grown in 2D and 3D culture, but not on healthy cells as astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Even at sub-cytotoxic concentration, ProA impaired cell migration and disturbed EB1 accumulation at microtubule (MT) plus-ends and MT dynamics instability. ProA activates GSK3β downstream of NKA inhibition, leading to EB1 phosphorylation on S155 and T166, EB1 comet length shortening and MT dynamics alteration, and finally inhibition of cell migration and cytotoxicity. Similar results were observed with digoxin. Therefore, we disclosed here a novel pathway by which ProA and digoxin modulate MT-governed functions in GBM tumor and stem-like cells. Altogether, our results support ProA and digoxin as potent candidates for drug repositioning in GBM.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Glioblastoma/pathology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism ; Humans ; Ion Pumps/metabolism ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Polymerization/drug effects ; Proscillaridin/pharmacology ; Tubulin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents ; Ion Pumps ; MAPRE1 protein, human ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; Tubulin ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Adenosine Triphosphatases (EC 3.6.1.-) ; Proscillaridin (KC6BL281EN)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2541626-1
    ISSN 2041-4889 ; 2041-4889
    ISSN (online) 2041-4889
    ISSN 2041-4889
    DOI 10.1038/s41419-018-1018-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Structure-function analysis of the glioma targeting NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide corresponding to the tubulin-binding site on the light neurofilament subunit.

    Berges, Raphael / Balzeau, Julien / Takahashi, Masayuki / Prevost, Chantal / Eyer, Joel

    PloS one

    2012  Volume 7, Issue 11, Page(s) e49436

    Abstract: We previously reported that a 24 amino acid peptide (NFL-TBS.40-63) corresponding to the tubulin-binding site located on the light neurofilament subunit, selectively enters in glioblastoma cells where it disrupts their microtubule network and inhibits ... ...

    Abstract We previously reported that a 24 amino acid peptide (NFL-TBS.40-63) corresponding to the tubulin-binding site located on the light neurofilament subunit, selectively enters in glioblastoma cells where it disrupts their microtubule network and inhibits their proliferation. Here, we analyzed the structure-function relationships using an alanine-scanning strategy, in order to identify residues essential for these biological activities. We showed that the majority of modified peptides present a decreased or total loss to penetrate in these cells, or to alter microtubules. Correspondingly, circular dichroism measurements showed that this peptide forms either β-sheet or α-helix structures according to the solvent and that alanine substitution modified or destabilized the structure, in relation with changes in the biological activities. Moreover, substitution of serine residues by phosphoserine or aspartic acid concomitantly decreased the cell penetrating activity and the structure stability. These results indicate the importance of structure for the activities, including selectivity to glioblastoma cells of this peptide, and its regulation by phosphorylation.
    MeSH term(s) Alanine/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Binding Sites ; Brain Neoplasms/metabolism ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Circular Dichroism ; Endocytosis ; Glioma/metabolism ; Glioma/pathology ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis/genetics ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Neurofilament Proteins/chemistry ; Neurofilament Proteins/metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Folding ; Protein Stability ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tubulin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Mutant Proteins ; NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide ; Neurofilament Proteins ; Peptide Fragments ; Tubulin ; neurofilament protein L ; Alanine (OF5P57N2ZX)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-11-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0049436
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  10. Article ; Online: A tubulin binding peptide targets glioma cells disrupting their microtubules, blocking migration, and inducing apoptosis.

    Berges, Raphael / Balzeau, Julien / Peterson, Alan C / Eyer, Joel

    Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy

    2012  Volume 20, Issue 7, Page(s) 1367–1377

    Abstract: Despite aggressive treatment regimes, glioma remains a largely fatal disease. Current treatment limitations are attributed to the precarious locations within the brain where such tumors grow, their highly infiltrative nature precluding complete resection ...

    Abstract Despite aggressive treatment regimes, glioma remains a largely fatal disease. Current treatment limitations are attributed to the precarious locations within the brain where such tumors grow, their highly infiltrative nature precluding complete resection and lack of specificity among agents capable of attenuating their growth. Here, we show that in vitro, glioma cells of diverse origins internalize a peptide encompassing a tubulin-binding site (TBS) on the neurofilament light protein. The internalized peptide disrupts the microtubule network, inhibits migration and proliferation, and leads to apoptosis. Using an intracerebral transplant model, we show that most, if not all, of these responses to peptide exposure also occur in vivo. Notably, a single intratumor injection significantly attenuates tumor growth, while neither peptide uptake nor downstream consequences are observed elsewhere in the host nervous system. Such preferential uptake suggests that the peptide may have potential as a primary or supplementary glioblastoma treatment modality by exploiting its autonomous microtubule-disrupting activity or engaging its capacity to selectively target glioma cells with other cell-disrupting cargos.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Female ; Glioma/drug therapy ; Microtubules/drug effects ; Neurofilament Proteins/metabolism ; Neurofilament Proteins/pharmacology ; Neurofilament Proteins/therapeutic use ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use ; Protein Binding ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Tubulin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Neurofilament Proteins ; Peptide Fragments ; Tubulin ; neurofilament protein L
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-04-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2010592-7
    ISSN 1525-0024 ; 1525-0016
    ISSN (online) 1525-0024
    ISSN 1525-0016
    DOI 10.1038/mt.2012.45
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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