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  1. Article ; Online: Temperament and eating self-regulation in young children with or at risk for obesity: An exploratory report.

    Button, Alyssa / Faith, Myles S / Berkowitz, Robert I

    Pediatric obesity

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 11, Page(s) e12821

    Abstract: Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between temperament and eating self-regulation in early childhood, despite emerging evidence for associations with pediatric obesity.: Method: The aim of this exploratory report was to examine ... ...

    Abstract Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between temperament and eating self-regulation in early childhood, despite emerging evidence for associations with pediatric obesity.
    Method: The aim of this exploratory report was to examine the associations between three eating behaviors and three facets of temperament among 4- to 8-year-olds with or at risk for obesity.
    Results: Among 28 participants in a family intervention to reduce eating speed, we found at baseline that slower child eating speed was associated with less surgency (r = -.39, p = .04) and higher food responsiveness was associated with higher negative affect (r = .40, p = .03).
    Conclusions: These findings support the potential yield of integrating temperament with eating self-regulation assessments in studies of early obesity risk. A better understanding is needed regarding ways in which parents differentially feed in response to child temperament.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child, Preschool ; Family ; Humans ; Obesity ; Parents ; Self-Control ; Temperament
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2655527-X
    ISSN 2047-6310 ; 2047-6302
    ISSN (online) 2047-6310
    ISSN 2047-6302
    DOI 10.1111/ijpo.12821
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  2. Article ; Online: Genetic Determinants of Childhood Obesity.

    Littleton, Sheridan H / Berkowitz, Robert I / Grant, Struan F A

    Molecular diagnosis & therapy

    2020  Volume 24, Issue 6, Page(s) 653–663

    Abstract: Obesity represents a major health burden to both developed and developing countries. Furthermore, the incidence of obesity is increasing in children. Obesity contributes substantially to mortality in the United States by increasing the risk for type 2 ... ...

    Abstract Obesity represents a major health burden to both developed and developing countries. Furthermore, the incidence of obesity is increasing in children. Obesity contributes substantially to mortality in the United States by increasing the risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular-related diseases, and other comorbidities. Despite environmental changes over past decades, including increases in high-calorie foods and sedentary lifestyles, there is very clear evidence of a genetic predisposition to obesity risk. Childhood obesity cases can be categorized in one of two ways: syndromic or non-syndromic. Syndromic obesity includes disorders such as Prader-Willi syndrome, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and Alström syndrome. Non-syndromic cases of obesity can be further separated into rarer instances of monogenic obesity and much more common forms of polygenic obesity. The advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and next-generation sequencing has driven significant advances in our understanding of the genetic contribution to childhood obesity. Many rare and common genetic variants have been shown to contribute to the heritability in obesity, although the molecular mechanisms underlying most of these variants remain unclear. An important caveat of GWAS efforts is that they do not strictly represent gene target discoveries, rather simply the uncovering of robust genetic signals. One clear example of this is with progress in understanding the key obesity signal harbored within an intronic region of the FTO gene. It has been shown that the non-coding region in which the variant actually resides in fact influences the expression of genes distal to FTO instead, specifically IRX3 and IRX5. Such discoveries suggest that associated non-coding variants can be embedded within or next to one gene, but commonly influence the expression of other, more distal effector genes. Advances in genetics and genomics are therefore contributing to a deeper understanding of childhood obesity, allowing for development of clinical tools and therapeutic agents.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics ; Pediatric Obesity/genetics ; Pediatric Obesity/therapy ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2232796-4
    ISSN 1179-2000 ; 1177-1062
    ISSN (online) 1179-2000
    ISSN 1177-1062
    DOI 10.1007/s40291-020-00496-1
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  3. Article ; Online: Now is the time to improve access and healthcare systems for childhood obesity treatment.

    Berkowitz, Robert I / Daniels, Stephen

    Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

    2017  Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–14

    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2230457-5
    ISSN 1930-739X ; 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
    ISSN (online) 1930-739X
    ISSN 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
    DOI 10.1002/oby.21740
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  4. Article ; Online: Obesity in Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders.

    Chao, Ariana M / Wadden, Thomas A / Berkowitz, Robert I

    Current psychiatry reports

    2019  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 3

    Abstract: Purpose of review: This narrative review synthesized recent research related to obesity in adolescents with psychiatric disorders, with a focus on epidemiology, mechanisms, and weight management approaches. The paper reviews literature on depressive and ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: This narrative review synthesized recent research related to obesity in adolescents with psychiatric disorders, with a focus on epidemiology, mechanisms, and weight management approaches. The paper reviews literature on depressive and anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.
    Recent findings: Depression has a bidirectional relationship with obesity. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and their treatments, increase the risk of developing obesity. Mechanisms underlying this weight gain include lifestyle and environmental factors and psychiatric medications, though emerging evidence has also suggested the role of genetic and neuroendocrine processes. Evidence about the most effective treatments for obesity in adolescents with psychiatric disorders remains limited. Adolescents with psychiatric disorders are at high risk for obesity. Close monitoring for increases in weight and cardiometabolic risk factors with use of antipsychotic and mood-stabilizing medications is recommended. Clinical trials are needed that test the efficacy of weight management strategies for this population.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Antimanic Agents/therapeutic use ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; Anxiety Disorders/complications ; Anxiety Disorders/drug therapy ; Bipolar Disorder/complications ; Depressive Disorder/complications ; Depressive Disorder/drug therapy ; Humans ; Life Style ; Obesity/chemically induced ; Obesity/complications ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia/complications ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Weight Gain/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Antimanic Agents ; Antipsychotic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2055376-6
    ISSN 1535-1645 ; 1523-3812
    ISSN (online) 1535-1645
    ISSN 1523-3812
    DOI 10.1007/s11920-019-0990-7
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  5. Article ; Online: Advancing the revolution in the behavioral treatment of obesity.

    Wadden, Thomas A / Berkowitz, Robert I

    Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

    2016  Volume 24, Issue 10, Page(s) 2029–2030

    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2230457-5
    ISSN 1930-739X ; 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
    ISSN (online) 1930-739X
    ISSN 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
    DOI 10.1002/oby.21641
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  6. Article ; Online: A Systematic Review of Genetic Correlates of Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery.

    Gupta, Sapana R / Zhou, Yingjie / Wadden, Thomas A / Berkowitz, Robert I / Chao, Ariana M

    Obesity surgery

    2021  Volume 31, Issue 10, Page(s) 4612–4623

    Abstract: This systematic review synthesized research evaluating the relationship between genetic predictors and weight loss after bariatric surgery. Fifty-seven studies were identified that examined single genes or genetic risk scores. Uncoupling protein (UCP) ... ...

    Abstract This systematic review synthesized research evaluating the relationship between genetic predictors and weight loss after bariatric surgery. Fifty-seven studies were identified that examined single genes or genetic risk scores. Uncoupling protein (UCP) rs660339 was associated with excess weight loss after surgery in 4 of 6 studies. The most commonly assessed genes were fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene (n = 10) and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) (n = 14). Both were inconsistently related to weight loss. Genetic risk scores predicted weight loss in 6 of 7 studies. This evidence suggests the potential of using genetic variants and genetic risk scores to predict the amount of weight loss anticipated after bariatric surgery and identify patients who may be at risk for suboptimal weight reduction.
    MeSH term(s) Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO ; Bariatric Surgery ; Humans ; Obesity ; Obesity, Morbid/surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Weight Loss/genetics
    Chemical Substances Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO (EC 1.14.11.33) ; FTO protein, human (EC 1.14.11.33)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1070827-3
    ISSN 1708-0428 ; 0960-8923
    ISSN (online) 1708-0428
    ISSN 0960-8923
    DOI 10.1007/s11695-021-05585-6
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  7. Article: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Weight Stigma: Co-Occurrence and Associations with Psychological Well-Being.

    Schulte, Erica M / Bach, Caroline / Berkowitz, Robert I / Latner, Janet D / Pearl, Rebecca L

    Stigma and health

    2021  Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) 408–418

    Abstract: Prior research has demonstrated that individuals with a higher body weight (i.e., obesity) have a relatively high incidence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) (e.g., abuse, neglect). Individuals with obesity are also susceptible to experiencing and ... ...

    Abstract Prior research has demonstrated that individuals with a higher body weight (i.e., obesity) have a relatively high incidence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) (e.g., abuse, neglect). Individuals with obesity are also susceptible to experiencing and internalizing weight stigma. Negative physical and mental health consequences have been associated with both ACEs and weight stigma, yet the interplay between these factors has not been explored. The current study examined ACEs in a sample of 105 treatment-seeking adults with obesity who all reported having experienced and internalized weight stigma (90.5% women, 70.5% non-Hispanic White, mean age=49.1 years). The study aimed to 1) provide a descriptive overview of rates of ACEs in this unique sample of adults with potentially high psychological vulnerability and 2) assess associations between ACEs, weight stigma, and psychological well-being. Over three-fourths of participants (76.2%) reported experiencing at least one ACE. The total number of ACEs was significantly associated with more frequent experiences of and greater distress about weight stigma during childhood, as well as higher current perceived stress. Experiencing weight stigma for the first time in childhood was also associated with more reported ACEs. ACEs of abuse were associated with more lifetime reported experiences of weight stigma and greater internalization, use of eating as a strategy to cope with weight stigma, and higher perceived stress. These findings have implications for early identification of and tailored interventions for individuals who have experienced adverse events and weight stigma at a young age.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2376-6972
    ISSN 2376-6972
    DOI 10.1037/sah0000341
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  8. Article ; Online: A systematic review of binge eating, loss of control eating, and weight loss in children and adolescents.

    Moustafa, Afaf F / Quigley, Kerry M / Wadden, Thomas A / Berkowitz, Robert I / Chao, Ariana M

    Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

    2021  Volume 29, Issue 8, Page(s) 1259–1271

    Abstract: Objective: This review synthesizes literature on changes in binge eating (BE) and loss of control eating (LOC) following weight loss and the association between BE/LOC and weight loss in children and adolescents.: Methods: A systematic literature ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This review synthesizes literature on changes in binge eating (BE) and loss of control eating (LOC) following weight loss and the association between BE/LOC and weight loss in children and adolescents.
    Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycInfo. Eligible studies included all peer-reviewed journal articles of primary research that assessed BE/LOC and weight change following a weight-loss intervention in individuals under 18 years of age.
    Results: The 29 articles included studies on behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, and surgical interventions. Of the 14 studies that assessed the relationship between weight loss and BE/LOC at baseline, 4 showed that higher baseline BE/LOC was associated with less weight loss, whereas 10 showed no significant association. BE/LOC behaviors significantly decreased following weight-loss interventions in 20 of 21 studies. A greater decrease in BE/LOC was associated with improved weight loss in 4 of 9 studies that assessed this change.
    Conclusions: Weight-loss interventions are associated with improved BE/LOC in youth with obesity. The persistence of BE/LOC symptoms may be associated with less weight loss. These results can aid in guiding future treatment for youth with BE/LOC seeking weight-loss treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Binge-Eating Disorder/therapy ; Bulimia/therapy ; Child ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Obesity ; Weight Loss
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2230457-5
    ISSN 1930-739X ; 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
    ISSN (online) 1930-739X
    ISSN 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
    DOI 10.1002/oby.23185
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  9. Article ; Online: Effects of obesity therapies on sleep disorders.

    Xanthopoulos, Melissa S / Berkowitz, Robert I / Tapia, Ignacio E

    Metabolism: clinical and experimental

    2018  Volume 84, Page(s) 109–117

    Abstract: Obesity is a significant risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and has also been linked to reductions in sleep quality and quantity. Weight loss has been shown to be an effective treatment for improving OSAS; however, there is a high ... ...

    Abstract Obesity is a significant risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and has also been linked to reductions in sleep quality and quantity. Weight loss has been shown to be an effective treatment for improving OSAS; however, there is a high degree of variability in improvements of OSAS in response to weight loss. There are three modalities of obesity therapies: 1) lifestyle modification, which includes changes in dietary intake and physical activity, along with behavioral interventions; 2) pharmacologic agents; and 3) bariatric surgery. Individuals have a highly variable response to the various obesity interventions, and maintenance of weight loss can be especially challenging. These factors influence the effect of weight loss on sleep disorders. There is still a need for large, well-controlled studies examining short- and long-term efficacy of weight loss modalities and their impact on long-term treatment of OSAS and other sleep parameters, particularly in youth. Nonetheless, given our current knowledge, weight reduction should always be encouraged for people coping with obesity, OSAS, and/or sleep disruptions and resources identified to assist patients in choosing a weight loss approach that will benefit them the most.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Bariatric Medicine ; Behavior Therapy ; Exercise ; Humans ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/therapy ; Sleep/physiology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy ; Sleep Wake Disorders/complications ; Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology ; Sleep Wake Disorders/therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Weight Loss/physiology ; Weight Reduction Programs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80230-x
    ISSN 1532-8600 ; 0026-0495
    ISSN (online) 1532-8600
    ISSN 0026-0495
    DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.022
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  10. Article ; Online: The safety of pharmacologic treatment for pediatric obesity.

    Chao, Ariana M / Wadden, Thomas A / Berkowitz, Robert I

    Expert opinion on drug safety

    2018  Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) 379–385

    Abstract: Introduction: Pediatric obesity is a serious public health concern. Five medications have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for chronic weight management in adults with obesity, when used as an adjunct to lifestyle modification. ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Pediatric obesity is a serious public health concern. Five medications have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for chronic weight management in adults with obesity, when used as an adjunct to lifestyle modification. Orlistat is the only FDA-approved medication for pediatric patients aged 12 years and above.
    Areas covered: This paper summarizes safety and efficacy data from clinical trials of weight loss medications conducted among pediatric samples. Relevant studies were identified through searches in PubMed.
    Expert opinion: Orlistat, as an adjunct to lifestyle modification, results in modest weight losses and may be beneficial for some pediatric patients with obesity. However, gastrointestinal side effects are common and may limit use. In adults taking orlistat, rare but severe adverse events, including liver and renal events, have been reported. Recent pediatric pharmacokinetic studies of liraglutide have demonstrated similar safety and tolerability profiles as found in adults, with gastrointestinal disorders being the most common adverse events. Clinical trials are needed of liraglutide, as well as other medications for obesity, that systematically evaluate their risks and benefits in pediatric patients.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Age Factors ; Anti-Obesity Agents/adverse effects ; Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drug Approval ; Humans ; Lactones/adverse effects ; Lactones/therapeutic use ; Life Style ; Liraglutide/adverse effects ; Liraglutide/therapeutic use ; Orlistat ; Pediatric Obesity/drug therapy ; Weight Loss/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Anti-Obesity Agents ; Lactones ; Liraglutide (839I73S42A) ; Orlistat (95M8R751W8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2088728-0
    ISSN 1744-764X ; 1474-0338
    ISSN (online) 1744-764X
    ISSN 1474-0338
    DOI 10.1080/14740338.2018.1437143
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