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  1. Article ; Online: Population structure of pygmy (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf (Kogia sima) sperm whales in the Southern Hemisphere may reflect foraging ecology and dispersal patterns.

    Plön, Stephanie / Best, Peter B / Duignan, Pádraig / Lavery, Shane D / Bernard, Ric T F / Van Waerebeek, Koen / Baker, C Scott

    Advances in marine biology

    2023  Volume 96, Page(s) 85–114

    Abstract: Little is known about the biology of pygmy (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf (K. sima) sperm whales as these animals are difficult to observe in the wild. However, both species strand frequently along the South African, Australian and New Zealand coastlines, ... ...

    Abstract Little is known about the biology of pygmy (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf (K. sima) sperm whales as these animals are difficult to observe in the wild. However, both species strand frequently along the South African, Australian and New Zealand coastlines, providing samples for these otherwise inaccessible species. The use of DNA samples from tissue and DNA extracted from historical material, such as teeth and bone, allowed a first analysis of the population structure of both species in the Southern Hemisphere. A 279 base pair consensus region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was sequenced for 96 K. breviceps (53 tissue and 43 teeth or bone samples) and 29 K. sima (3 tissue and 26 teeth or bone samples), and 26 and 12 unique haplotypes were identified, respectively. K. breviceps showed a higher nucleotide diversity of 0.82% compared to 0.40% in K. sima. Significant genetic differentiation was detected in the Southern Hemisphere between K. breviceps from South Africa and New Zealand (Ф
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Sperm Whale ; Phylogeny ; Australia ; Whales ; DNA ; Nucleotides
    Chemical Substances DNA (9007-49-2) ; Nucleotides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2162-5875
    ISSN (online) 2162-5875
    DOI 10.1016/bs.amb.2023.09.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Factors influencing the spatial patterns of vertebrate roadkill in South Africa: The Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area as a case study

    Collinson, Wendy J / Parker, Daniel M / Bernard, Ric T. F / Reilly, Brian K / Davies‐Mostert, Harriet T

    African journal of ecology. 2019 Dec., v. 57, no. 4

    2019  

    Abstract: Few studies have investigated the factors that influence roadkill occurrence in developing countries. In 2013, we monitored a 100‐km section of the road (comprising the R572 and R521 regional highways and the D2662) that pass through the Greater ... ...

    Abstract Few studies have investigated the factors that influence roadkill occurrence in developing countries. In 2013, we monitored a 100‐km section of the road (comprising the R572 and R521 regional highways and the D2662) that pass through the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area in South Africa, to assess the possible factors influencing roadkill. Over a period of 120 days, and across the three ecological seasons, we recorded 981 roadkills (rate = 0.08 roadkill/km/day) from four vertebrate taxonomic groups. We generated predictive models of roadkill from one combined data set that considered eight variables identified from the literature as potential correlates of roadkill. The model that included the distance of the fence from the road, habitat type adjacent to the road, and the presence of a hill in the road (i.e., elevation) or a bank on the side of the road best explained roadkill occurrence. More roadkill was predicted to occur in both open and dense mopane and dense mixed bushveld habitats, on a hill, when there was a bank on the side of the road, and as the distance between the road verge and a fence decreased. Our model provides some insight into the significant predictors of roadkill occurrence and is therefore a valuable tool in identifying sites of high‐potential roadkill frequency and formulating mitigation measures for reducing road mortalities.
    Keywords case studies ; conservation areas ; data collection ; habitats ; models ; road kills ; vertebrates ; South Africa
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-12
    Size p. 552-564.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2019879-6
    ISSN 1365-2028 ; 0141-6707
    ISSN (online) 1365-2028
    ISSN 0141-6707
    DOI 10.1111/aje.12628
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Partitioning of space, habitat, and timing of activity by large felids in an enclosed South African system

    Cristescu, Bogdan / Bernard, Ric T. F / Krause, Jens

    Journal of ethology. 2013 Sept., v. 31, no. 3

    2013  

    Abstract: Reintroductions of large carnivores into enclosed reserves that confine movements may fail due to intensive intra-guild interspecific conflict. To assess conflict potential, in winter 2006 we used direct observations aided by radio-tracking to focally ... ...

    Abstract Reintroductions of large carnivores into enclosed reserves that confine movements may fail due to intensive intra-guild interspecific conflict. To assess conflict potential, in winter 2006 we used direct observations aided by radio-tracking to focally monitor continuously one female cheetah with cub (Acinonyx jubatus), a female leopard (Panthera pardus), and a lion pride (Panthera leo) at Shamwari Private Game Reserve, South Africa. Home ranges of all individuals/social groups overlapped, whereas core areas had little overlap. The cheetah core area had no overlap with the lion core area, with lion avoidance also recorded for a radio-tracked single female cheetah and a male leopard. The female cheetah with cub selected thicket habitat which was avoided by lions, the latter preferring naturally revegetated areas that were also selected by the female leopard. Lions also selected low elevations, which were avoided by the smaller felids. Habitat preference differences occurred at study area and home range levels, suggesting a broad-scale feline avoidance strategy to minimize intra-guild conflict. In addition, the focally monitored cheetah and leopard were often stationary when the lions were active, especially during nocturnal lion hunts. These intra-guild mechanisms of reintroduced carnivore coexistence should be tested with longer-term studies across enclosed systems of different sizes, and hosting varying carnivore guilds.
    Keywords Acinonyx jubatus ; Panthera leo ; Panthera pardus ; carnivores ; habitats ; home range ; South Africa
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-09
    Size p. 285-298.
    Publishing place Springer-Verlag
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2020048-1
    ISSN 1439-5444 ; 0289-0771
    ISSN (online) 1439-5444
    ISSN 0289-0771
    DOI 10.1007/s10164-013-0376-y
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Management-Induced Niche Shift? The Activity of Cheetahs in the Presence of Lions

    Bissett, Charlene / Parker, Dan M. / Bernard, Ric T. F. / Perry, Travis W.

    South African journal of wildlife research. 2015 Sept., v. 45, no. 2, p. 197-203

    2015  , Page(s) 197–203

    Abstract: Habitat loss, persecution and population declines have resulted in the restriction of many large carnivores, including cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), to fenced reserves. These reserves are often small and the likelihood of interference competition between ... ...

    Abstract Habitat loss, persecution and population declines have resulted in the restriction of many large carnivores, including cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), to fenced reserves. These reserves are often small and the likelihood of interference competition between dominant and subordinate predators is increased, while the possibility of spatial avoidance is reduced. Given artificial space limitations, subordinate predators may reduce competitive interactions along niche axes other than habitat type such as time, coined a ‘management-induced niche shift’. We collected data on the activity patterns of male and female cheetahs using continuous follows and satellite GPS collars on two small, fenced reserves in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, one with lions (Panthera leo) and one without lions. There was a significant difference in the activity patterns of male and female cheetahs between the two reserves. In the presence of lions, nocturnal activity of cheetahs was greatly reduced, particularly for females. There was a corresponding increase in crepuscular activity for male cheetahs and diurnal activity for female cheetahs. In the context of other studies, our results suggest that space limitation affects cheetah response to lions and provides the first quazi-experimental evidence of a management-induced niche shift.
    Keywords Acinonyx jubatus ; Panthera leo ; carnivores ; collars ; diurnal activity ; females ; global positioning systems ; habitat destruction ; males ; niches ; nocturnal activity ; population dynamics ; predators ; satellites ; South Africa ; fenced reserves ; GPS collars ; direct observation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-09
    Size p. 197-203
    Publishing place South African Wildlife Management Association
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2052714-7
    ISSN 1996-8477 ; 0379-4369
    ISSN (online) 1996-8477
    ISSN 0379-4369
    DOI 10.3957/056.045.0197
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Wildlife road traffic accidents: a standardized protocol for counting flattened fauna.

    Collinson, Wendy J / Parker, Daniel M / Bernard, Ric T F / Reilly, Brian K / Davies-Mostert, Harriet T

    Ecology and evolution

    2014  Volume 4, Issue 15, Page(s) 3060–3071

    Abstract: Previous assessments of wildlife road mortality have not used directly comparable methods and, at present, there is no standardized protocol for the collection of such data. Consequently, there are no internationally comparative statistics documenting ... ...

    Abstract Previous assessments of wildlife road mortality have not used directly comparable methods and, at present, there is no standardized protocol for the collection of such data. Consequently, there are no internationally comparative statistics documenting roadkill rates. In this study, we used a combination of experimental trials and road transects to design a standardized protocol to assess roadkill rates on both paved and unpaved roads. Simulated roadkill were positioned over a 1 km distance, and trials were conducted at eight different speeds (20-100 km·h(-1)). The recommended protocol was then tested on a 100-km transect, driven daily over a 40-day period. This recorded 413 vertebrate roadkill, comprising 106 species. We recommend the protocol be adopted for future road ecology studies to enable robust statistical comparisons between studies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-07-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2635675-2
    ISSN 2045-7758
    ISSN 2045-7758
    DOI 10.1002/ece3.1097
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: An Inventory of Vertebrate Roadkill in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area, South Africa

    Collinson, Wendy J / Parker Dan M / Bernard Ric T.F / Reilly Brian K / Davies-Mostert Harriet T

    South African journal of wildlife research. 2015 Oct., v. 45, no. 3

    2015  

    Abstract: Using a standard protocol, we conducted vertebrate roadkill surveys in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area (GMTFCA), South Africa, which is a World Heritage Site. A total of 991 roadkill were recorded on the paved roads and 36 roadkill ...

    Abstract Using a standard protocol, we conducted vertebrate roadkill surveys in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area (GMTFCA), South Africa, which is a World Heritage Site. A total of 991 roadkill were recorded on the paved roads and 36 roadkill on the unpaved roads. Identifiable roadkill comprised 162 species from 24 orders and 65 families. Ninety-three roadkill could not be identified to species level. Roadkill counts were strongly influenced by road type and season. More roadkill was recorded on the paved than the unpaved roads. Irrespective of road type, the proportion of roadkill was greatest in the hot/wet season (4.3 paved roadkill/km/day paved and 1.3 roadkill/km/day unpaved) and lowest in the cold/dry season (2.0 roadkill/km/day paved and 0.1 roadkill/km/day unpaved). The high numbers of vertebrates identified as roadkill suggests that road traffic has the potential to directly and negatively affect biodiversity conservation in this part of South Africa. We recommend continued roadkill data collection across South Africa to assist with creating an inventory of species most likely to be at risk from roads. This will, in turn, better inform the implementation of potential mitigation measures.
    Keywords biodiversity ; cold ; data collection ; dry season ; inventories ; risk ; roads ; surveys ; traffic ; vertebrates ; wet season ; wildlife ; roadkill ; protocol ; ecological season ; South Africa
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-10
    Size p. 301-311.
    Publishing place South African Wildlife Management Association
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2052714-7
    ISSN 0379-4369 ; 0379-4369
    ISSN (online) 0379-4369
    ISSN 0379-4369
    DOI 10.3957%2F056.045.0301
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Inventory of Vertebrate Roadkill in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area, South Africa

    Collinson, Wendy J. / Parker Dan M. / Bernard Ric T.F. / Reilly Brian K. / Davies-Mostert Harriet T.

    South African journal of wildlife research

    Volume v. 45,, Issue no. 3

    Abstract: Using a standard protocol, we conducted vertebrate roadkill surveys in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area (GMTFCA), South Africa, which is a World Heritage Site. A total of 991 roadkill were recorded on the paved roads and 36 roadkill ...

    Abstract Using a standard protocol, we conducted vertebrate roadkill surveys in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area (GMTFCA), South Africa, which is a World Heritage Site. A total of 991 roadkill were recorded on the paved roads and 36 roadkill on the unpaved roads. Identifiable roadkill comprised 162 species from 24 orders and 65 families. Ninety-three roadkill could not be identified to species level. Roadkill counts were strongly influenced by road type and season. More roadkill was recorded on the paved than the unpaved roads. Irrespective of road type, the proportion of roadkill was greatest in the hot/wet season (4.3 paved roadkill/km/day paved and 1.3 roadkill/km/day unpaved) and lowest in the cold/dry season (2.0 roadkill/km/day paved and 0.1 roadkill/km/day unpaved). The high numbers of vertebrates identified as roadkill suggests that road traffic has the potential to directly and negatively affect biodiversity conservation in this part of South Africa. We recommend continued roadkill data collection across South Africa to assist with creating an inventory of species most likely to be at risk from roads. This will, in turn, better inform the implementation of potential mitigation measures.
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0379-4369
    Database AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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