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  1. Article: Accuracy of Samsung Smartphone Integrated Pulse Oximetry Meets Full FDA Clearance Standards for Clinical Use.

    Browne, Sara H / Bernstein, Mike / Bickler, Philip E

    medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

    2021  

    Abstract: Background: Pulse oximetry is used as an assessment tool to gauge the severity of COVID-19 infection and identify patients at risk of poor outcomes.: Methods: The accuracy of integrated pulse oximetry in the Samsung 9 smartphone during stable ... ...

    Abstract Background: Pulse oximetry is used as an assessment tool to gauge the severity of COVID-19 infection and identify patients at risk of poor outcomes.
    Methods: The accuracy of integrated pulse oximetry in the Samsung 9 smartphone during stable arterial oxygen saturations (SaO
    Findings: The RMSD of the over 257 data points based on blood sample analysis obtained from 12 human volunteers tested was 2.6%.
    Interpretation: Evaluation of the smartphone pulse oximeter performance is within requirements of <3.5% RMSD blood oxygen saturation (SpO
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2021.02.17.21249755
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Accuracy of Smartphone Integrated Pulse Oximetry Meets Full FDA Clearance Standards for Clinical Use.

    Browne, Sara H / Bernstein, Mike / Bickler, Philip E.

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Background: Pulse oximetry is used as an assessment tool to gauge the severity of COVID-19 infection and identify patients at risk of poor outcomes. The pandemic highlights the need for accurate pulse oximetry, particularly at home, as infection rates ... ...

    Abstract Background: Pulse oximetry is used as an assessment tool to gauge the severity of COVID-19 infection and identify patients at risk of poor outcomes. The pandemic highlights the need for accurate pulse oximetry, particularly at home, as infection rates increase in multiple global regions, including the UK, USA, and South Africa. Over 100 million Samsung smartphones containing dedicated biosensors (Maxim Integrated Inc, San Jose, CA) and preloaded Apps to perform pulse oximetry, are in use globally. We performed detailed in human hypoxia testing on the Samsung S9 smartphone to determine if this integrated hardware meets full FDA/ISO requirements for clinical pulse oximetry. Methods: The accuracy of integrated pulse oximetry in the Samsung 9+ smartphone during stable oxygen saturation (SaO2) between 70% and 100% was evaluated in 12 healthy subjects. Inspired oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide partial pressures were monitored and adjusted via a partial rebreathing circuit to achieve stable target SaO2 plateaus between 70% and 100%. Arterial blood samples were taken at each plateau, and saturation measured on each blood sample using ABL-90FLEX blood gas analyzer. Bias, calculated from smartphone readings minus the corresponding arterial blood sample, was reported as root mean square deviation (RMSD). Findings: The RMSD of the over 257 data points based on blood sample analysis obtained from 12 human volunteers tested was 2.6%. Interpretation: Evaluation of the smartphone pulse oximeter performance is within requirements of <3.5% RMSD blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) value for FDA/ISO clearance for clinical pulse oximetry. This is the first report of smartphone derived pulse oximetry measurements that meet full FDA/ISO accuracy certification requirements. Both Samsung S9 and S10 contain the same integrated pulse oximeter, thus over 100 million smartphones in current global circulation could be used to obtain clinically accurate spot SpO2 measurements to support at home assessment of COVID-19 patients.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-18
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2021.02.17.21249755
    Database COVID19

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  3. Article ; Online: Smartphone Biosensor With App Meets FDA/ISO Standards for Clinical Pulse Oximetry and Can Be Reliably Used by a Wide Range of Patients.

    Browne, Sara H / Bernstein, Mike / Pan, Samuel C / Gonzalez Garcia, Jonathan / Easson, Craig A / Huang, Chung-Che / Vaida, Florin

    Chest

    2020  Volume 159, Issue 2, Page(s) 724–732

    Abstract: Background: Millions of smartphones contain a photoplethysmography (PPG) biosensor (Maxim Integrated) that accurately measures pulse oximetry. No clinical use of these embedded sensors is currently being made, despite the relevance of remote clinical ... ...

    Abstract Background: Millions of smartphones contain a photoplethysmography (PPG) biosensor (Maxim Integrated) that accurately measures pulse oximetry. No clinical use of these embedded sensors is currently being made, despite the relevance of remote clinical pulse oximetry to the management of chronic cardiopulmonary disease, and the triage, initial management, and remote monitoring of people affected by respiratory viral pandemics, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or influenza. To be used for clinical pulse oximetry the embedded PPG system must be paired with an application (app) and meet US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) requirements.
    Research question: Does this smartphone sensor with app meet FDA/ISO requirements? Are measurements obtained using this system comparable to those of hospital reference devices, across a wide range of people?
    Study design and methods: We performed laboratory testing addressing ISO and FDA requirements in 10 participants using the smartphone sensor with app. Subsequently, we performed an open-label clinical study on 320 participants with widely varying characteristics, to compare the accuracy and precision of readings obtained by patients with those of hospital reference devices, using rigorous statistical methodology.
    Results: "Breathe down" testing in the laboratory showed that the total root-mean-square deviation of oxygen saturation (Spo
    Interpretation: Our findings support the application for full FDA/ISO approval of the smartphone sensor with app tested for use in clinical pulse oximetry. Given the immense and immediate practical medical importance of remote intermittent clinical pulse oximetry to both chronic disease management and the global ability to respond to respiratory viral pandemics, the smartphone sensor with app should be prioritized and fast-tracked for FDA/ISO approval to allow clinical use.
    Trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT04233827; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biosensing Techniques ; Device Approval ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mobile Applications ; Oximetry/instrumentation ; Oximetry/standards ; Photoplethysmography/instrumentation ; Photoplethysmography/standards ; Smartphone ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Young Adult
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1032552-9
    ISSN 1931-3543 ; 0012-3692
    ISSN (online) 1931-3543
    ISSN 0012-3692
    DOI 10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.2104
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Pulse oximetry in paediatric primary care in low-income and middle-income countries.

    McCollum, Eric D / King, Carina / Colbourn, Tim / Graham, Hamish / Bernstein, Mike / Wilson, Iain H / Checkley, William

    The Lancet. Respiratory medicine

    2019  Volume 7, Issue 12, Page(s) 1001–1002

    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child Health Services/organization & administration ; Child, Preschool ; Developing Countries ; Humans ; Oximetry/economics ; Poverty ; Primary Health Care/organization & administration
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2686754-0
    ISSN 2213-2619 ; 2213-2600
    ISSN (online) 2213-2619
    ISSN 2213-2600
    DOI 10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30358-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Maxim Integrated Smartphone Sensor with App Meets FDA/ISO Standards for Clinical Pulse Oximetry and can be Reliably Utilized by a Wide Range of Patients

    Browne, Sara H / Bernstein, Mike / Pan, Samuel C / Garcia, Jonathan Gonzalez / Easson, Craig A / Huang, Chung-Che / Vaida, Florin

    Chest

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Millions of smartphones contain a photoplethysmography (PPG) bio-sensor (Maxim Integrated, San Jose CA) that accurately measures pulse oximetry. No clinical use of these embedded sensors is currently being made, despite the relevance of ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Millions of smartphones contain a photoplethysmography (PPG) bio-sensor (Maxim Integrated, San Jose CA) that accurately measures pulse oximetry. No clinical use of these embedded sensors is currently being made, despite the relevance of remote clinical pulse oximetry to the management of chronic cardiopulmonary disease, and the triage, initial management and remote monitoring of persons effected by respiratory viral pandemics, such as SARS-CoV-2 or Influenza. To be used for clinical pulse oximetry the embedded PPG system must be paired with an App and meet FDA and ISO requirements. RESEARCH QUESTION: We evaluated whether this smartphone sensor with App met FDA/ISO requirements and how measurements obtained using this system compared to hospital reference devices across a wide range of persons. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed laboratory testing addressing ISO and FDA requirements in ten participants using the smartphone sensor with App. Subsequently, we performed an open label clinical study on 320 participants with widely varying characteristics, to compare accuracy and precision of readings obtained by patients, to hospital reference devices using a rigorous statistical methodology. RESULTS: 'Breathe Down' testing in the laboratory showed that the total Root Mean Square Deviation (RSMD) of SpO2 measurement was 2.02%, meeting FDA/ISO standards. Clinical comparison of the smartphone sensor with App versus hospital reference devices determined SpO2 and heart rate (HR) accuracy was 0.48 % points (CI 0.38 to 0.58; p<0.001) and 0.73 bpm (CI 0.33 to 1.14; p<0.001) respectively; with SpO2 and HR precision 1.25 versus reference 0.95 points (p< 0.001) and 5.99 versus reference 3.80 bpm (p<0.001), respectively. These small differences were similar to the variation found between two FDA approved reference instruments for SpO2: accuracy 0.52 points (CI 0.41 to 0.64; p<0.001) and precision 1.01 versus 0.86 (p<0.001). INTERPRETATION: Our findings support the application for full FDA/ISO approval of the smartphone sensor with App tested for use in clinical pulse oximetry. Given the immense and immediate practical medical importance of remote intermittent clinical pulse oximetry to both chronic disease management and the global ability to respond to respiratory viral pandemics, the smartphone sensor with APP should be prioritized and fast tracked for FDA/ ISO approval to allow clinical use.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #753798
    Database COVID19

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  6. Article ; Online: Performance of a novel reusable pediatric pulse oximeter probe.

    King, Carina / Mvalo, Tisungane / Sessions, Kristen / Wilson, Iain / Walker, Isabeau / Zadutsa, Beatiwel / Makwenda, Charles / Phiri, Tambosi / Boyd, Nicholas / Bernstein, Mike / McCollum, Eric D

    Pediatric pulmonology

    2019  Volume 54, Issue 7, Page(s) 1052–1059

    Abstract: Objective: To assess the performance of reusable pulse oximeter probe and microprocessor box combinations, of varying price-points, in the context of a low-income pediatric setting.: Methods: A prospective, randomized cross-over study comparing time ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To assess the performance of reusable pulse oximeter probe and microprocessor box combinations, of varying price-points, in the context of a low-income pediatric setting.
    Methods: A prospective, randomized cross-over study comparing time to biologically plausible oxygen saturation (SpO
    Results: We recruited 572 children. Plausible SpO
    Conclusions: The novel reusable pediatric Lifebox probe can achieve a quality SpO
    MeSH term(s) Child, Preschool ; Cross-Over Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Oximetry/instrumentation ; Oxygen/blood
    Chemical Substances Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 632784-9
    ISSN 1099-0496 ; 8755-6863
    ISSN (online) 1099-0496
    ISSN 8755-6863
    DOI 10.1002/ppul.24295
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Usability Testing of a Reusable Pulse Oximeter Probe Developed for Health-Care Workers Caring for Children < 5 Years Old in Low-Resource Settings.

    Boyd, Nicholas / King, Carina / Walker, Isabeau A / Zadutsa, Beatiwel / Bernstein, Mike / Ahmed, Salahuddin / Roy, Arunangshu / Hanif, Abu A M / Saha, Subal C / Majumder, Kingshuk / Nambiar, Bejoy / Colbourn, Tim / Makwenda, Charles / Baqui, Abdullah H / Wilson, Iain / McCollum, Eric D

    The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

    2018  Volume 99, Issue 4, Page(s) 1096–1104

    Abstract: Hypoxemia measured by pulse oximetry predicts child pneumonia mortality in low-resource settings (LRS). Existing pediatric oximeter probes are prohibitively expensive and/or difficult to use, limiting LRS implementation. Using a human-centered design, we ...

    Abstract Hypoxemia measured by pulse oximetry predicts child pneumonia mortality in low-resource settings (LRS). Existing pediatric oximeter probes are prohibitively expensive and/or difficult to use, limiting LRS implementation. Using a human-centered design, we developed a low-cost, reusable pediatric oximeter probe for LRS health-care workers (HCWs). Here, we report probe usability testing. Fifty-one HCWs from Malawi, Bangladesh, and the United Kingdom participated, and seven experts provided reference measurements. Health-care workers and experts measured the peripheral arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Bangladesh ; Child ; Equipment Reuse ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Hypoxia/blood ; Hypoxia/diagnosis ; Hypoxia/economics ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Laboratory Proficiency Testing/statistics & numerical data ; Logistic Models ; Malawi ; Oximetry/economics ; Oximetry/instrumentation ; Oxygen/blood ; Oxyhemoglobins/analysis ; Pneumonia/blood ; Pneumonia/diagnosis ; Pneumonia/economics ; United Kingdom
    Chemical Substances Oxyhemoglobins ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2942-7
    ISSN 1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
    ISSN (online) 1476-1645
    ISSN 0002-9637
    DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Design of novel and potent cPLA₂α inhibitors containing an α-methyl-2-ketothiazole as a metabolically stable serine trap

    Mete, Antonio / Andrews, Glen / Bernstein, Mike / Connolly, Stephen / Hartopp, Paul / Jackson, Clive G / Lewis, Richard / Martin, Iain / Murray, David / Riley, Rob / Robinson, David H / Smith, Gill M / Wells, Edward / Withnall, W. John

    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2011 May 15, v. 21, no. 10

    2011  

    Abstract: We report the design of novel, potent cPLA₂α inhibitors that possess an α-methyl-2-ketothiazole that acts as a serine-reactive moiety. We describe the optimization of the series for potency and metabolic stability towards ketone reduction. This was ... ...

    Abstract We report the design of novel, potent cPLA₂α inhibitors that possess an α-methyl-2-ketothiazole that acts as a serine-reactive moiety. We describe the optimization of the series for potency and metabolic stability towards ketone reduction. This was achieved by attenuating the reactivity of the ketone using a combination of electronic and steric effects.
    Keywords chemical reduction ; enzyme inhibitors ; ketones ; phospholipase A2 ; serine ; thiazoles
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2011-0515
    Size p. 3128-3133.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1063195-1
    ISSN 1464-3405 ; 0960-894X
    ISSN (online) 1464-3405
    ISSN 0960-894X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.005
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Design of novel and potent cPLA2α inhibitors containing an α-methyl-2-ketothiazole as a metabolically stable serine trap.

    Mete, Antonio / Andrews, Glen / Bernstein, Mike / Connolly, Stephen / Hartopp, Paul / Jackson, Clive G / Lewis, Richard / Martin, Iain / Murray, David / Riley, Rob / Robinson, David H / Smith, Gill M / Wells, Edward / Withnall, W John

    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters

    2011  Volume 21, Issue 10, Page(s) 3128–3133

    Abstract: We report the design of novel, potent cPLA(2)α inhibitors that possess an α-methyl-2-ketothiazole that acts as a serine-reactive moiety. We describe the optimization of the series for potency and metabolic stability towards ketone reduction. This was ... ...

    Abstract We report the design of novel, potent cPLA(2)α inhibitors that possess an α-methyl-2-ketothiazole that acts as a serine-reactive moiety. We describe the optimization of the series for potency and metabolic stability towards ketone reduction. This was achieved by attenuating the reactivity of the ketone using a combination of electronic and steric effects.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Drug Design ; Drug Stability ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Group IV Phospholipases A2/antagonists & inhibitors ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Ketones/chemical synthesis ; Ketones/chemistry ; Ketones/pharmacology ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Rats ; Serine/chemistry ; Thiazoles/chemical synthesis ; Thiazoles/chemistry ; Thiazoles/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Enzyme Inhibitors ; Ketones ; Thiazoles ; Serine (452VLY9402) ; Group IV Phospholipases A2 (EC 3.1.1.4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-05-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1063195-1
    ISSN 1464-3405 ; 0960-894X
    ISSN (online) 1464-3405
    ISSN 0960-894X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Design of novel and potent cPLA₂α inhibitors containing an α-methyl-2-ketothiazole as a metabolically stable serine trap

    Mete, Antonio / Andrews, Glen / Bernstein, Mike / Connolly, Stephen / Hartopp, Paul / Jackson, Clive G. / Lewis, Richard / Martin, Iain / Murray, David / Riley, Rob / Robinson, David H. / Smith, Gill M. / Wells, Edward / Withnall, W. John

    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters

    Volume v. 21,, Issue no. 1

    Abstract: We report the design of novel, potent cPLA₂α inhibitors that possess an α-methyl-2-ketothiazole that acts as a serine-reactive moiety. We describe the optimization of the series for potency and metabolic stability towards ketone reduction. This was ... ...

    Abstract We report the design of novel, potent cPLA₂α inhibitors that possess an α-methyl-2-ketothiazole that acts as a serine-reactive moiety. We describe the optimization of the series for potency and metabolic stability towards ketone reduction. This was achieved by attenuating the reactivity of the ketone using a combination of electronic and steric effects.
    Keywords enzyme inhibitors ; serine ; phospholipase A2 ; chemical reduction ; thiazoles ; ketones
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0960-894X
    Database AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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