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  1. Article ; Online: The Use of Optical Coherence Tomography to Demonstrate Dark and Light Adaptation in a Live Moth.

    Berry, Simon

    Environmental entomology

    2022  Volume 51, Issue 4, Page(s) 643–648

    Abstract: To work effectively, the eyes of nocturnal insects have a problem they must overcome. During the night, the light levels are low, so their eyes need to be very sensitive; but they also need a way of adapting to environmental light conditions, and ... ...

    Abstract To work effectively, the eyes of nocturnal insects have a problem they must overcome. During the night, the light levels are low, so their eyes need to be very sensitive; but they also need a way of adapting to environmental light conditions, and protecting those sensitive organs, if a bright light is encountered. Human eyes have a pupil that changes size to regulate light input to the eye. Moths (Lepidoptera) use a light absorbing pigment that moves position to limit the light within the eye. This pigment migration is difficult to record because it is a dynamic process and will only occur in a live moth. This paper presents the first use of Ocular Coherence Tomography as a method of viewing anatomical detail in a compound eye. This is noninvasive and does not harm the insect. To demonstrate the effectiveness, this article documents the dynamic process of light adaptation within a moth's eye.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Ocular ; Animals ; Humans ; Insecta ; Moths/physiology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Vision, Ocular
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120799-4
    ISSN 1938-2936 ; 0046-2268 ; 0046-225X
    ISSN (online) 1938-2936
    ISSN 0046-2268 ; 0046-225X
    DOI 10.1093/ee/nvac044
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  2. Article: The Use of Optical Coherence Tomography to Demonstrate Dark and Light Adaptation in a Live Moth

    Berry, Simon

    Environmental entomology. 2022 June 28, v. 51, no. 4

    2022  

    Abstract: To work effectively, the eyes of nocturnal insects have a problem they must overcome. During the night, the light levels are low, so their eyes need to be very sensitive; but they also need a way of adapting to environmental light conditions, and ... ...

    Abstract To work effectively, the eyes of nocturnal insects have a problem they must overcome. During the night, the light levels are low, so their eyes need to be very sensitive; but they also need a way of adapting to environmental light conditions, and protecting those sensitive organs, if a bright light is encountered. Human eyes have a pupil that changes size to regulate light input to the eye. Moths (Lepidoptera) use a light absorbing pigment that moves position to limit the light within the eye. This pigment migration is difficult to record because it is a dynamic process and will only occur in a live moth. This paper presents the first use of Ocular Coherence Tomography as a method of viewing anatomical detail in a compound eye. This is noninvasive and does not harm the insect. To demonstrate the effectiveness, this article documents the dynamic process of light adaptation within a moth's eye.
    Keywords Lepidoptera ; compound eyes ; entomology ; humans ; moths ; tomography
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0628
    Size p. 643-648.
    Publishing place Entomological Society of America
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0046-225X
    DOI 10.1093/ee/nvac044
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Institutionalizing Innovation: From Pilot to Scale for Co-Packaged Oral Rehydration Salts and Zinc-A Case Study in Zambia.

    Berry, Jane / Berry, Simon / Chizema, Elizabeth / Fundafunda, Bonface / Hamer, Davidson H / Tembo, Stephen / Ramchandani, Rohit

    Global health, science and practice

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 1

    Abstract: We document the development and institutionalization in Zambia of a health innovation for diarrhea treatment aimed at children aged younger than 5 years: a unique oral rehydration salts and zinc (ORSZ) co-pack. Seven recommendations from the World Health ...

    Abstract We document the development and institutionalization in Zambia of a health innovation for diarrhea treatment aimed at children aged younger than 5 years: a unique oral rehydration salts and zinc (ORSZ) co-pack. Seven recommendations from the World Health Organization/ExpandNet are used retrospectively to analyze and describe the successful scale-up of this innovation from its concept stage, including in-country expansion and policy, institutional, and regulatory changes. The 7 recommendations comprise using a participatory process, tailoring to the country context, designing research to test the innovation, testing the innovation, identifying success factors, and scaling up. The scale-up of co-packaged ORSZ in Zambia is shown to be sustainable. Five years after donor funding ended in 2018, an independent, local manufacturer continues to supply the private and public sectors on a commercially viable basis. Furthermore, national coverage of ORSZ increased from less than 1% in 2012 to 34% in 2018. A key success factor was the continuous facilitation over 8 years (spanning planning, trial, evaluation, and scale-up) by a learning and steering group chaired by the Ministry of Health, open to all and focused on learning transfer and ongoing alignment with other initiatives. Other success factors included a long lead-in of inclusive initial consultation, ideation, and planning with all key stakeholders to build on and mobilize existing resources, knowledge, structures, and systems; alignment with government policy; thorough testing and radical review of the product and its value chain before scale-up, including manufacture, distribution, policy, and regulatory matters; and adoption by the government of a co-packaging strategy to ensure cases of childhood diarrhea are treated with ORSZ. With appropriate local adaptations, this approach to scale-up could be replicated in other low- and middle-income countries as a strategy to increase coverage of ORSZ and potentially other health products.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Salts ; Zinc ; Zambia ; Retrospective Studies ; Diarrhea/therapy ; Fluid Therapy
    Chemical Substances Salts ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2710875-2
    ISSN 2169-575X ; 2169-575X
    ISSN (online) 2169-575X
    ISSN 2169-575X
    DOI 10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00286
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  4. Article ; Online: Clinical Optometry

    Berry, Simon / Ship, Victoria

    Clinical optometry

    2018  Volume 10, Page(s) 129–130

    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-11
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2587459-7
    ISSN 1179-2752 ; 1179-2752
    ISSN (online) 1179-2752
    ISSN 1179-2752
    DOI 10.2147/OPTO.S191419
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  5. Article: Yield reduction historically associated with the Aegilops ventricosa 7DV introgression is genetically and physically distinct from the eyespot resistance gene Pch1

    Pasquariello, Marianna / Berry, Simon / Burt, Christopher / Uauy, Cristobal / Nicholson, Paul

    Theoretical and applied genetics. 2020 Mar., v. 133, no. 3

    2020  

    Abstract: KEY MESSAGE: Yield penalty and increased grain protein content traits associated with Aegilops ventricosa 7D introgression have been mapped for the first time, and they are physically distinct from the eyespot resistance locus Pch1. Wheat wild relatives ... ...

    Abstract KEY MESSAGE: Yield penalty and increased grain protein content traits associated with Aegilops ventricosa 7D introgression have been mapped for the first time, and they are physically distinct from the eyespot resistance locus Pch1. Wheat wild relatives represent an important source of genetic variation, but introgression of agronomically relevant genes, such as for disease resistance, may lead to the simultaneous introduction of genetically linked deleterious traits. Pch1 is a dominant gene, conferring resistance to eyespot and was introgressed to wheat from Aegilops ventricosa as part of a large segment of the 7Dⱽ chromosome. This introgression has been associated with a significant yield reduction and a concomitant increase in grain protein content. In this study, we evaluated both traits and their relationship to the location of the Pch1 gene. We found that both QTLs were clearly distinct from the Pch1 gene, being located on a different linkage group to Pch1. In addition, we found that the QTL for increased grain protein content was strong and consistent across field trials, whereas the yield penalty QTL was unstable and environmentally dependent. The yield and grain protein content QTLs were genetically linked and located in the same linkage group. This finding is due in part to the small size of the population, and to the restricted recombination between wheat 7D and Ae. ventricosa 7Dᵛ chromosomes. Although recombination in this interval is rare, it does occur. A recombinant line containing Pch1 and 7D_KASP6, the marker associated with increase in grain protein content, but not Xwmc221, the marker associated with the yield penalty effect, was identified.
    Keywords Aegilops ventricosa ; chromosomes ; disease resistance ; dominant genes ; genetic variation ; grain protein ; introgression ; linkage groups ; population size ; protein content ; resistance genes ; wheat
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-03
    Size p. 707-717.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2170-2
    ISSN 1432-2242 ; 0040-5752
    ISSN (online) 1432-2242
    ISSN 0040-5752
    DOI 10.1007/s00122-019-03502-1
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  6. Article: Wheat genetic loci conferring resistance to stripe rust in the face of genetically diverse races of the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

    Bouvet, Laura / Percival-Alwyn, Lawrence / Berry, Simon / Fenwick, Paul / Mantello, Camila Campos / Sharma, Rajiv / Holdgate, Sarah / Mackay, Ian J. / Cockram, James

    Theoretical and applied genetics. 2022 Jan., v. 135, no. 1

    2022  

    Abstract: KEY MESSAGE: Analysis of a wheat multi-founder population identified 14 yellow rust resistance QTL. For three of the four most significant QTL, haplotype analysis indicated resistance alleles were rare in European wheat. Stripe rust, or yellow rust (YR), ...

    Abstract KEY MESSAGE: Analysis of a wheat multi-founder population identified 14 yellow rust resistance QTL. For three of the four most significant QTL, haplotype analysis indicated resistance alleles were rare in European wheat. Stripe rust, or yellow rust (YR), is a major fungal disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici (Pst). Since 2011, the historically clonal European Pst races have been superseded by the rapid incursion of genetically diverse lineages, reducing the resistance of varieties previously showing durable resistance. Identification of sources of genetic resistance to such races is a high priority for wheat breeding. Here we use a wheat eight-founder multi-parent population genotyped with a 90,000 feature single nucleotide polymorphism array to genetically map YR resistance to such new Pst races. Genetic analysis of five field trials at three UK sites identified 14 quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring resistance. Of these, four highly significant loci were consistently identified across all test environments, located on chromosomes 1A (QYr.niab-1A.1), 2A (QYr.niab-2A.1), 2B (QYr.niab-2B.1) and 2D (QYr.niab-2D.1), together explaining ~ 50% of the phenotypic variation. Analysis of these four QTL in two-way and three-way combinations showed combinations conferred greater resistance than single QTL, and genetic markers were developed that distinguished resistant and susceptible alleles. Haplotype analysis in a collection of wheat varieties found that the haplotypes associated with YR resistance at three of these four major loci were rare (≤ 7%) in European wheat, highlighting their potential utility for future targeted improvement of disease resistance. Notably, the physical interval for QTL QYr.niab-2B.1 contained five nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat candidate genes with integrated BED domains, of which two corresponded to the cloned resistance genes Yr7 and Yr5/YrSp.
    Keywords Puccinia striiformis f. tritici ; Triticum aestivum ; disease resistance ; fungi ; genetic analysis ; genetic resistance ; haplotypes ; phenotypic variation ; quantitative traits ; single nucleotide polymorphism arrays ; stripe rust ; wheat
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-01
    Size p. 301-319.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2170-2
    ISSN 1432-2242 ; 0040-5752
    ISSN (online) 1432-2242
    ISSN 0040-5752
    DOI 10.1007/s00122-021-03967-z
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  7. Article ; Online: Yield reduction historically associated with the Aegilops ventricosa 7D

    Pasquariello, Marianna / Berry, Simon / Burt, Christopher / Uauy, Cristobal / Nicholson, Paul

    TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik

    2019  Volume 133, Issue 3, Page(s) 707–717

    Abstract: Key message: Yield penalty and increased grain protein content traits associated with Aegilops ventricosa 7D introgression have been mapped for the first time, and they are physically distinct from the eyespot resistance locus Pch1. Wheat wild relatives ...

    Abstract Key message: Yield penalty and increased grain protein content traits associated with Aegilops ventricosa 7D introgression have been mapped for the first time, and they are physically distinct from the eyespot resistance locus Pch1. Wheat wild relatives represent an important source of genetic variation, but introgression of agronomically relevant genes, such as for disease resistance, may lead to the simultaneous introduction of genetically linked deleterious traits. Pch1 is a dominant gene, conferring resistance to eyespot and was introgressed to wheat from Aegilops ventricosa as part of a large segment of the 7D
    MeSH term(s) Aegilops/genetics ; Aegilops/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Plant ; Crosses, Genetic ; Disease Resistance/genetics ; Edible Grain/genetics ; Edible Grain/growth & development ; Edible Grain/metabolism ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Introgression ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; Grain Proteins/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Plant Diseases/genetics ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Triticum/genetics ; Triticum/growth & development ; Triticum/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Genetic Markers ; Grain Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-13
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2170-2
    ISSN 1432-2242 ; 0040-5752
    ISSN (online) 1432-2242
    ISSN 0040-5752
    DOI 10.1007/s00122-019-03502-1
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  8. Article ; Online: Wheat genetic loci conferring resistance to stripe rust in the face of genetically diverse races of the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.

    Bouvet, Laura / Percival-Alwyn, Lawrence / Berry, Simon / Fenwick, Paul / Mantello, Camila Campos / Sharma, Rajiv / Holdgate, Sarah / Mackay, Ian J / Cockram, James

    TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik

    2021  Volume 135, Issue 1, Page(s) 301–319

    Abstract: Key message: Analysis of a wheat multi-founder population identified 14 yellow rust resistance QTL. For three of the four most significant QTL, haplotype analysis indicated resistance alleles were rare in European wheat. Stripe rust, or yellow rust (YR), ...

    Abstract Key message: Analysis of a wheat multi-founder population identified 14 yellow rust resistance QTL. For three of the four most significant QTL, haplotype analysis indicated resistance alleles were rare in European wheat. Stripe rust, or yellow rust (YR), is a major fungal disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici (Pst). Since 2011, the historically clonal European Pst races have been superseded by the rapid incursion of genetically diverse lineages, reducing the resistance of varieties previously showing durable resistance. Identification of sources of genetic resistance to such races is a high priority for wheat breeding. Here we use a wheat eight-founder multi-parent population genotyped with a 90,000 feature single nucleotide polymorphism array to genetically map YR resistance to such new Pst races. Genetic analysis of five field trials at three UK sites identified 14 quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring resistance. Of these, four highly significant loci were consistently identified across all test environments, located on chromosomes 1A (QYr.niab-1A.1), 2A (QYr.niab-2A.1), 2B (QYr.niab-2B.1) and 2D (QYr.niab-2D.1), together explaining ~ 50% of the phenotypic variation. Analysis of these four QTL in two-way and three-way combinations showed combinations conferred greater resistance than single QTL, and genetic markers were developed that distinguished resistant and susceptible alleles. Haplotype analysis in a collection of wheat varieties found that the haplotypes associated with YR resistance at three of these four major loci were rare (≤ 7%) in European wheat, highlighting their potential utility for future targeted improvement of disease resistance. Notably, the physical interval for QTL QYr.niab-2B.1 contained five nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat candidate genes with integrated BED domains, of which two corresponded to the cloned resistance genes Yr7 and Yr5/YrSp.
    MeSH term(s) Disease Resistance/genetics ; Genotype ; Plant Diseases/genetics ; Plant Diseases/immunology ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Puccinia/immunology ; Puccinia/physiology ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Triticum/genetics ; Triticum/immunology ; Triticum/microbiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-27
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2170-2
    ISSN 1432-2242 ; 0040-5752
    ISSN (online) 1432-2242
    ISSN 0040-5752
    DOI 10.1007/s00122-021-03967-z
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  9. Article ; Online: Genetic control of grain amino acid composition in a UK soft wheat mapping population.

    Oddy, Joseph / Chhetry, Monika / Awal, Rajani / Addy, John / Wilkinson, Mark / Smith, Dan / King, Robert / Hall, Chris / Testa, Rebecca / Murray, Eve / Raffan, Sarah / Curtis, Tanya Y / Wingen, Luzie / Griffiths, Simon / Berry, Simon / Elmore, J Stephen / Cryer, Nicholas / Moreira de Almeida, Isabel / Halford, Nigel G

    The plant genome

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) e20335

    Abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major source of nutrients for populations across the globe, but the amino acid composition of wheat grain does not provide optimal nutrition. The nutritional value of wheat grain is limited by low concentrations of ... ...

    Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major source of nutrients for populations across the globe, but the amino acid composition of wheat grain does not provide optimal nutrition. The nutritional value of wheat grain is limited by low concentrations of lysine (the most limiting essential amino acid) and high concentrations of free asparagine (precursor to the processing contaminant acrylamide). There are currently few available solutions for asparagine reduction and lysine biofortification through breeding. In this study, we investigated the genetic architecture controlling grain free amino acid composition and its relationship to other traits in a Robigus × Claire doubled haploid population. Multivariate analysis of amino acids and other traits showed that the two groups are largely independent of one another, with the largest effect on amino acids being from the environment. Linkage analysis of the population allowed identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling free amino acids and other traits, and this was compared against genomic prediction methods. Following identification of a QTL controlling free lysine content, wheat pangenome resources facilitated analysis of candidate genes in this region of the genome. These findings can be used to select appropriate strategies for lysine biofortification and free asparagine reduction in wheat breeding programs.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acids/genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Triticum/genetics ; Triticum/chemistry ; Asparagine/analysis ; Asparagine/genetics ; Lysine/genetics ; Plant Breeding ; Edible Grain/genetics ; United Kingdom
    Chemical Substances Amino Acids ; Asparagine (7006-34-0) ; Lysine (K3Z4F929H6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2375444-8
    ISSN 1940-3372 ; 0011-183X
    ISSN (online) 1940-3372
    ISSN 0011-183X
    DOI 10.1002/tpg2.20335
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  10. Article ; Online: Should we welcome multinational companies' involvement in programmes to improve child health?

    Berry, Simon / Berry, Jane / Ramchandani, Rohit / Spencer, Nick

    BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    2015  Volume 350, Page(s) h3046

    MeSH term(s) Beverages ; Child ; Child Health ; Food Industry ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Internationality
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-06-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1362901-3
    ISSN 1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    ISSN (online) 1756-1833
    ISSN 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    DOI 10.1136/bmj.h3046
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