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  1. Article ; Online: Aminoglycosides can be a better choice over macrolides in COVID-19 regimen: Plausible mechanism for repurposing strategy.

    Chalichem, Nehru Sai Suresh / Bethapudi, Bharathi / Mundkinajeddu, Deepak

    Medical hypotheses

    2020  Volume 144, Page(s) 109984

    Abstract: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, prioritizing the immunity enhancers is equally important to anti-virals. Defensins are the forgotten molecules that enhance the innate immunity against various microbes. Although macrolides like azithromycin and ... ...

    Abstract In the current COVID-19 pandemic, prioritizing the immunity enhancers is equally important to anti-virals. Defensins are the forgotten molecules that enhance the innate immunity against various microbes. Although macrolides like azithromycin and clarithromycin etc., have been reported to act against respiratory infections but they lack the ability of immunity enhancement through defensins. The aminoglycosides were proved to have defensin mediated antiviral activity, that could enhance the immunity. So, Consideration of aminoglycosides can be a double edge sword viz., against respiratory infection as well as Immunity enhancer (along with anti-virals) for COVID-19 regimen.
    MeSH term(s) Aminoglycosides/pharmacology ; Aminoglycosides/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; Codon, Nonsense/drug effects ; Defensins/biosynthesis ; Defensins/genetics ; Defensins/physiology ; Drug Repositioning ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/drug effects ; Immunologic Factors/pharmacology ; Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use ; Macrolides/therapeutic use ; Models, Genetic ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Virus Internalization
    Chemical Substances Aminoglycosides ; Antiviral Agents ; Codon, Nonsense ; Defensins ; Immunologic Factors ; Macrolides ; theta-defensin
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 193145-3
    ISSN 1532-2777 ; 0306-9877
    ISSN (online) 1532-2777
    ISSN 0306-9877
    DOI 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109984
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Study of Flavonoid Rich Extract of

    Bhide, Ranjit M / Bethapudi, Bharathi / Chalichem, Nehru Sai Suresh / Nithyanantham, Muruganantham / Murugan, Sasi Kumar / Mundkinajeddu, Deepak

    Journal of toxicology

    2022  Volume 2022, Page(s) 8517603

    Abstract: Glycyrrhiza ... ...

    Abstract Glycyrrhiza glabra
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-31
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2495098-1
    ISSN 1687-8205 ; 1687-8191
    ISSN (online) 1687-8205
    ISSN 1687-8191
    DOI 10.1155/2022/8517603
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Ocimum tenuiflorum extract (HOLIXERTM): Possible effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in modulating stress.

    C M, Mohan Gowda / Murugan, Sasi Kumar / Bethapudi, Bharathi / Purusothaman, Divya / Mundkinajeddu, Deepak / D'Souza, Prashanth

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 5, Page(s) e0285012

    Abstract: Ocimum tenuiflorum is a sacred medicinal plant bestowed with multiple health benefits. This plant is traditionally considered an adaptogen. Many scientific studies have indicated the anti-stress potential of Ocimum tenuiflorum but with higher doses. The ... ...

    Abstract Ocimum tenuiflorum is a sacred medicinal plant bestowed with multiple health benefits. This plant is traditionally considered an adaptogen. Many scientific studies have indicated the anti-stress potential of Ocimum tenuiflorum but with higher doses. The present study investigated the effects of HolixerTM (a clinically studied standardized Ocimum tenuiflorum extract) on modulating stress using two in vivo models, namely the swim endurance study in mice and forced swim test in rats. In addition, we explored the mechanism of action of HolixerTM on the HPA axis using two in vitro cell-based assays to check for its inhibitory effect on cortisol release and CRF1 receptor antagonistic activity. Ocimum tenuiflorum extract enhanced the swimming time in mice, reduced the stress-induced increase in immobility time, and prevented the increase in corticosterone in rats subjected to the forced swim test. Further, Ocimum tenuiflorum extract inhibited cortisol release and exhibited a significant CRF1 receptor antagonist activity. Thus, Ocimum tenuiflorum extract was found effective in managing stress, and the effect could be due to the inhibition of cortisol release and the antagonistic effect on the CRF1 receptors.
    MeSH term(s) Rats ; Mice ; Animals ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; Ocimum sanctum ; Hydrocortisone/pharmacology ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Corticosterone/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ) ; Plant Extracts ; Corticosterone (W980KJ009P)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0285012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Toxicological safety assessment of AP-Bio®, a standardized extract of Andrographis paniculata in Sprague Dawley rats.

    Murugan, Sasi Kumar / Bethapudi, Bharathi / Rao, Amara Nageswara / Allan, Joseph Joshua / Mundkinajeddu, Deepak / D'Souza, Prashanth

    Journal of applied toxicology : JAT

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 11, Page(s) 1630–1644

    Abstract: Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as green chiretta, is a traditionally used plant in India, China, and Southeast Asian countries for its varied health benefits including immune health. The objective of the present study was to assess the safety of ...

    Abstract Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as green chiretta, is a traditionally used plant in India, China, and Southeast Asian countries for its varied health benefits including immune health. The objective of the present study was to assess the safety of AP-Bio®, a standardized A. paniculata extract in Sprague Dawley rats by following the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines of acute and 90-day repeated dose sub-chronic toxicity studies. AP-Bio® did not show any treatment-related clinical signs of toxicity or mortality during the 14-day observation period in animals tested in the single-dose acute oral toxicity study up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight. In the 90-day repeated dose sub-chronic oral toxicity study, no treatment-related adverse clinical signs were observed in any of the treated groups (300, 600, and 900 mg/kg). All treated animals showed usual weight gain and comparable feed intake. The ophthalmoscope examination did not reveal any abnormalities. Also, no toxicologically significant changes were observed in urinalysis, hematology, and blood chemistry parameters. Absolute organ weights and relative organ weights of vital organs did not differ significantly compared to control. Gross and histopathological findings did not show any remarkable and treatment-related changes. Results of the safety evaluation showed the median lethal dose (LD
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604625-3
    ISSN 1099-1263 ; 0260-437X
    ISSN (online) 1099-1263
    ISSN 0260-437X
    DOI 10.1002/jat.4501
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: A flavonoid rich standardized extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra protects intestinal epithelial barrier function and regulates the tight-junction proteins expression

    Murugan, Sasi Kumar / Bethapudi, Bharathi / Raghunandhakumar, Subramanian / Purusothaman, Divya / Nithyanantham, Muruganantham / Mundkinajeddu, Deepak / Talkad, Muralidhar Srinivasaih

    BMC Complement Med Ther. 2022 Dec., v. 22, no. 1 p.38-38

    2022  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction predisposes to many gastrointestinal, metabolic, and psychological disorders. A flavonoid rich extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (FREG) has previously been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction predisposes to many gastrointestinal, metabolic, and psychological disorders. A flavonoid rich extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (FREG) has previously been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiulcer properties. AIM: To investigate the effect of FREG (GutGard®) on restoring intestinal barrier function in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) stimulated human colonic adenocarcinoma cell monolayer (Caco-2) and 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induced ulcerative colitis in rats. METHODS: In in vitro, human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers were treated with TNF-α in the presence or absence of FREG and the paracellular permeability to FITC-conjugated 4-kD dextran (FD4) was measured to evaluate protection against the barrier dysfunction. In in vivo, intestinal barrier dysfunction was induced in male albino Wistar rats via intrarectal instillation of TNBS. Subsequently, the rats were treated orally with either FREG at 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg body weight, or Mesacol (250 mg/kg) for 5 days. On day 5, intestinal epithelial permeability was assessed with FD4 leakage into the serum. Also, colonic inflammation, colon morphology, histology and macroscopic score, weight to length ratio were evaluated. The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF- α, secretory IgA levels and tight junction proteins expression were evaluated in rat’s colon. RESULTS: FREG protected the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity in human intestinal Caco-2 cells in vitro. FREG administration significantly improved the intestinal epithelial barrier function as evident from significant reduction in FD4 leakage. The colon morphology, histology score, macroscopic score, colon weight to length ratio also indicates beneficial effects of FREG on barrier function. In addition, FREG regulated the tight junction proteins, and markedly decreased TNF-α, MPO levels and significantly increased the secretory IgA levels in TNBS induced colitis rats. CONCLUSION: The study findings support the protective action of FREG on intestinal epithelial barrier integrity indicating its potential in protecting from implications of leaky gut.
    Keywords Glycyrrhiza glabra ; albino ; antioxidants ; blood serum ; body weight ; colon ; complement ; dextran ; epithelium ; flavonoids ; histology ; human cell lines ; humans ; inflammation ; males ; myeloperoxidase ; neoplasm cells ; permeability ; rats ; tight junctions ; tumor necrosis factor-alpha ; ulcerative colitis
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-12
    Size p. 38.
    Publishing place BioMed Central
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 2662-7671
    DOI 10.1186/s12906-021-03500-1
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Safety Evaluation of Standardized Extract of

    Murugan, Sasikumar / Solanki, Himanshu / Purusothaman, Divya / Bethapudi, Bharathi / Ravalji, Mital / Mundkinajeddu, Deepak

    BioMed research international

    2021  Volume 2021, Page(s) 6671853

    Abstract: NR-INF-02 is a standardized extract containing turmerosaccharides ... ...

    Abstract NR-INF-02 is a standardized extract containing turmerosaccharides from
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Curcuma/adverse effects ; Curcuma/chemistry ; Curcuma/toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Feeding Behavior/drug effects ; Female ; Hormones/metabolism ; Male ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Plant Extracts/adverse effects ; Plant Extracts/toxicity ; Rats, Wistar ; Toxicity Tests, Subchronic ; Urinalysis ; Rats
    Chemical Substances Hormones ; Plant Extracts ; turmeric extract (856YO1Z64F)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Evaluation Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2698540-8
    ISSN 2314-6141 ; 2314-6133
    ISSN (online) 2314-6141
    ISSN 2314-6133
    DOI 10.1155/2021/6671853
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Polar extract of Curcuma longa protects cartilage homeostasis: possible mechanism of action.

    Velusami, Chandrasekaran Chinampudur / Richard, Edwin Jothie / Bethapudi, Bharathi

    Inflammopharmacology

    2018  Volume 26, Issue 5, Page(s) 1233–1243

    Abstract: Background: Curcuma longa has been well documented for managing joint inflammation and pain. The present study investigated the effect of polar extract of C. longa (NR-INF-02) on cartilage homeostasis in human articular chondrocytes knee (NHAC-kn) cells ...

    Abstract Background: Curcuma longa has been well documented for managing joint inflammation and pain. The present study investigated the effect of polar extract of C. longa (NR-INF-02) on cartilage homeostasis in human articular chondrocytes knee (NHAC-kn) cells to understand its plausible mechanism of action.
    Methods: Dysregulation of cartilage homeostasis was induced by IL-1β and H
    Results: NR-INF-02 significantly attenuated IL-1β-induced chondrocyte cytotoxicity, apoptosis and release of chondrocyte degradation markers such as IL-6, IL-8, COX-2, PGE
    Conclusions: NR-INF-02 protects cartilage homeostasis by maintaining the balance between synthesis and degradation of cartilage matrix.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cartilage/drug effects ; Cartilage/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocytes/drug effects ; Chondrocytes/physiology ; Collagen Type II/biosynthesis ; Curcuma ; Homeostasis/drug effects ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta/pharmacology ; Mice ; Osteoarthritis/drug therapy ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Protective Agents/pharmacology ; RAW 264.7 Cells
    Chemical Substances Collagen Type II ; Interleukin-1beta ; Plant Extracts ; Protective Agents ; turmeric extract (856YO1Z64F)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1080058-x
    ISSN 1568-5608 ; 0925-4692
    ISSN (online) 1568-5608
    ISSN 0925-4692
    DOI 10.1007/s10787-017-0433-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: A flavonoid rich standardized extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra protects intestinal epithelial barrier function and regulates the tight-junction proteins expression.

    Murugan, Sasi Kumar / Bethapudi, Bharathi / Raghunandhakumar, Subramanian / Purusothaman, Divya / Nithyanantham, Muruganantham / Mundkinajeddu, Deepak / Talkad, Muralidhar Srinivasaih

    BMC complementary medicine and therapies

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 38

    Abstract: Background: Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction predisposes to many gastrointestinal, metabolic, and psychological disorders. A flavonoid rich extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (FREG) has previously been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction predisposes to many gastrointestinal, metabolic, and psychological disorders. A flavonoid rich extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (FREG) has previously been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiulcer properties.
    Aim: To investigate the effect of FREG (GutGard
    Methods: In in vitro, human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers were treated with TNF-α in the presence or absence of FREG and the paracellular permeability to FITC-conjugated 4-kD dextran (FD4) was measured to evaluate protection against the barrier dysfunction. In in vivo, intestinal barrier dysfunction was induced in male albino Wistar rats via intrarectal instillation of TNBS. Subsequently, the rats were treated orally with either FREG at 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg body weight, or Mesacol (250 mg/kg) for 5 days. On day 5, intestinal epithelial permeability was assessed with FD4 leakage into the serum. Also, colonic inflammation, colon morphology, histology and macroscopic score, weight to length ratio were evaluated. The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF- α, secretory IgA levels and tight junction proteins expression were evaluated in rat's colon.
    Results: FREG protected the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity in human intestinal Caco-2 cells in vitro. FREG administration significantly improved the intestinal epithelial barrier function as evident from significant reduction in FD4 leakage. The colon morphology, histology score, macroscopic score, colon weight to length ratio also indicates beneficial effects of FREG on barrier function. In addition, FREG regulated the tight junction proteins, and markedly decreased TNF-α, MPO levels and significantly increased the secretory IgA levels in TNBS induced colitis rats.
    Conclusion: The study findings support the protective action of FREG on intestinal epithelial barrier integrity indicating its potential in protecting from implications of leaky gut.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Caco-2 Cells ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Glycyrrhiza ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Male ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Rats ; Tight Junction Proteins
    Chemical Substances Flavonoids ; Plant Extracts ; Tight Junction Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2662-7671
    ISSN (online) 2662-7671
    DOI 10.1186/s12906-021-03500-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Aminoglycosides can be a better choice over macrolides in COVID-19 regimen: Plausible mechanism for repurposing strategy

    Chalichem, Nehru Sai Suresh / Bethapudi, Bharathi / Mundkinajeddu, Deepak

    Med Hypotheses

    Abstract: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, prioritizing the immunity enhancers is equally important to anti-virals. Defensins are the forgotten molecules that enhance the innate immunity against various microbes. Although macrolides like azithromycin and ... ...

    Abstract In the current COVID-19 pandemic, prioritizing the immunity enhancers is equally important to anti-virals. Defensins are the forgotten molecules that enhance the innate immunity against various microbes. Although macrolides like azithromycin and clarithromycin etc., have been reported to act against respiratory infections but they lack the ability of immunity enhancement through defensins. The aminoglycosides were proved to have defensin mediated antiviral activity, that could enhance the immunity. So, Consideration of aminoglycosides can be a double edge sword viz., against respiratory infection as well as Immunity enhancer (along with anti-virals) for COVID-19 regimen.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #592505
    Database COVID19

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  10. Article ; Online: Aminoglycosides can be a better choice over macrolides in COVID-19 regimen

    Chalichem, Nehru Sai Suresh / Bethapudi, Bharathi / Mundkinajeddu, Deepak

    Medical Hypotheses

    Plausible mechanism for repurposing strategy

    2020  Volume 144, Page(s) 109984

    Keywords General Medicine ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 193145-3
    ISSN 1532-2777 ; 0306-9877
    ISSN (online) 1532-2777
    ISSN 0306-9877
    DOI 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109984
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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