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Article ; Online: Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB oncogene: An intriguing player for many roles.

Mauro, Maria Luisa / Bettini, Priscilla P

2021 Volume 165, Page(s) 10–18

Abstract: The rolB oncogene is one of the so-called rol genes found in the T-DNA region of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes Ri plasmid and involved in the hairy root syndrome, a tumour characterized by adventitious root overgrowth on plant stem. rolB produces in ... ...

Abstract	The rolB oncogene is one of the so-called rol genes found in the T-DNA region of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes Ri plasmid and involved in the hairy root syndrome, a tumour characterized by adventitious root overgrowth on plant stem. rolB produces in plants a peculiar phenotype that, together with its root-inducing capacity, has been connected to auxin sensitivity. The gene is able to modify the plant genetic programme to induce meristem cells and direct them to differentiate not only roots, but also other cells, tissues or organs. Besides its essential function in hairy root pathogenesis, the rolB role has been progressively extended to cover several physiological aspects in the transgenic plants: from secondary metabolites production and ROS inhibition, to abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and photosynthesis improvement. Some of the observed effects could be determined, at least in part, through microRNAs molecules, suggesting an epigenetic control rolB-mediated. These multifaceted capacities could allow plants to withstand adverse environmental conditions, enhancing fitness. In spite of this expanding knowledge, functional analyses did not detect yet any definitive rolB-derived biochemical product, even if more than one enzymatic activity has been ascribed to it. Moreover, phylogenetic and evolutionary studies evidenced no homology with any plant sequences but, otherwise, it belongs to the Plast family, a group of rolB-homologous bacterial genes. Finally, the finding of sequences similar to rolB in plants not infected by A. rhizogenes suggests a hypothetical plant origin for this gene, implying different possibilities about its evolution.
MeSH term(s)	Agrobacterium/genetics ; Oncogenes ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Rhizobium/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-14
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	742978-2
ISSN	1873-2690 ; 0981-9428
ISSN (online)	1873-2690
ISSN	0981-9428
DOI	10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.037
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Article: Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB oncogene: An intriguing player for many roles

Mauro, Maria Luisa / Bettini, Priscilla P

Plant physiology and biochemistry. 2021 Aug., v. 165

2021

Abstract	The rolB oncogene is one of the so-called rol genes found in the T-DNA region of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes Ri plasmid and involved in the hairy root syndrome, a tumour characterized by adventitious root overgrowth on plant stem.rolB produces in plants a peculiar phenotype that, together with its root-inducing capacity, has been connected to auxin sensitivity. The gene is able to modify the plant genetic programme to induce meristem cells and direct them to differentiate not only roots, but also other cells, tissues or organs.Besides its essential function in hairy root pathogenesis, the rolB role has been progressively extended to cover several physiological aspects in the transgenic plants: from secondary metabolites production and ROS inhibition, to abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and photosynthesis improvement. Some of the observed effects could be determined, at least in part, through microRNAs molecules, suggesting an epigenetic control rolB-mediated. These multifaceted capacities could allow plants to withstand adverse environmental conditions, enhancing fitness.In spite of this expanding knowledge, functional analyses did not detect yet any definitive rolB-derived biochemical product, even if more than one enzymatic activity has been ascribed to it. Moreover, phylogenetic and evolutionary studies evidenced no homology with any plant sequences but, otherwise, it belongs to the Plast family, a group of rolB-homologous bacterial genes.Finally, the finding of sequences similar to rolB in plants not infected by A. rhizogenes suggests a hypothetical plant origin for this gene, implying different possibilities about its evolution.
Keywords	Rhizobium rhizogenes ; adventitious roots ; auxins ; biotic stress ; enzyme activity ; epigenetics ; meristems ; microRNA ; neoplasms ; oncogenes ; pathogenesis ; phenotype ; photosynthesis ; phylogeny ; plant physiology ; plasmids ; secondary metabolites ; stress tolerance
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-08
Size	p. 10-18.
Publishing place	Elsevier Masson SAS
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	742978-2
ISSN	1873-2690 ; 0981-9428
ISSN (online)	1873-2690
ISSN	0981-9428
DOI	10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.037
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Article: Effect of far-red light exposure on photosynthesis and photoprotection in tomato plants transgenic for the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene

Bettini, Priscilla P / Lazzara, Luigi / Massi, Luca / Fani, Fabiola / Mauro, Maria Luisa

Journal of plant physiology. 2020 Feb., v. 245

2020

Abstract: Previous work showed in tomato plants harbouring the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene overexpression of genes involved in chloroplast function and stress response, significant increase in non-photochemical quenching and chlorophyll a and b content, and ...

Abstract	Previous work showed in tomato plants harbouring the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene overexpression of genes involved in chloroplast function and stress response, significant increase in non-photochemical quenching and chlorophyll a and b content, and reduced chlorophyll a/b ratio. The latter condition being typical of plant shade where far-red is dominant, suggested a role for rolB in improving photosynthesis in such condition. To gain a better insight into these results, the photosynthetic performance of transgenic and control plants was compared by means of variable fluorescence kinetics with a WATER-PAM chlorophyll fluorometer, after 6 days-exposure to white light and to a far-red-enriched light source. Photosynthetic parameters analysed were quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry Y(II); qL, corresponding to the fraction of open PSII reaction centers in a “lake” model of photosystem II; non-photochemical quenching and Y(NO), describing, respectively, regulated and non-regulated pathways for dissipation of excess energy. Chlorophyll a and b content was also analysed by HPLC. Finally, real-time PCR was performed to quantify the expression level of some of the chloroplast-related genes already shown to be overexpressed in transgenic plants. Quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry decreased with increasing light intensity, showing no significant differences in both plant genotypes and light regimen. qL, on the other hand, was significantly higher at low PAR intensities, in particular in FR-treated transgenic plants. Fate of remaining light energy, channelled into regulated or non-regulated dissipation pathways, was different in transgenic and control plants, indicating a higher capability for protection from photodamage in rolB plants, particularly after exposure to far-red-enriched light. Chlorophyll a/b ratio was also decreased in transgenic plants under far-red-enriched light with respect to white light. Finally, qPCR showed that the expression of genes encoding small heat shock protein, chlorophyll a/b binding protein and carbonic anhydrase was significantly induced by far-red-enriched condition. Taken together, these data suggest the involvement of rolB in photosynthesis modulation under far-red-rich light in tomato.
Keywords	Rhizobium rhizogenes ; Solanum lycopersicum ; binding proteins ; carbonate dehydratase ; chlorophyll ; chloroplasts ; energy ; far-red light ; fluorescence ; gene overexpression ; genes ; genotype ; heat shock proteins ; high performance liquid chromatography ; light intensity ; models ; photochemistry ; photosynthetically active radiation ; photosystem II ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; radiation resistance ; stress response ; tomatoes ; transgenic plants ; white light ; yttrium
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-02
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	283647-6
ISSN	1618-1328 ; 0176-1617
ISSN (online)	1618-1328
ISSN	0176-1617
DOI	10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153095
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Article ; Online: Effect of far-red light exposure on photosynthesis and photoprotection in tomato plants transgenic for the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene.

Bettini, Priscilla P / Lazzara, Luigi / Massi, Luca / Fani, Fabiola / Mauro, Maria Luisa

Journal of plant physiology

2019 Volume 245, Page(s) 153095

Abstract	Previous work showed in tomato plants harbouring the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene overexpression of genes involved in chloroplast function and stress response, significant increase in non-photochemical quenching and chlorophyll a and b content, and reduced chlorophyll a/b ratio. The latter condition being typical of plant shade where far-red is dominant, suggested a role for rolB in improving photosynthesis in such condition. To gain a better insight into these results, the photosynthetic performance of transgenic and control plants was compared by means of variable fluorescence kinetics with a WATER-PAM chlorophyll fluorometer, after 6 days-exposure to white light and to a far-red-enriched light source. Photosynthetic parameters analysed were quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry Y(II); q
MeSH term(s)	Agrobacterium/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Chlorophyll A/analysis ; Chlorophyll A/metabolism ; Gene Expression/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics ; Heat-Shock Proteins, Small/genetics ; Heat-Shock Proteins, Small/metabolism ; Light ; Lycopersicon esculentum/genetics ; Lycopersicon esculentum/metabolism ; Photosynthesis/radiation effects ; Photosystem II Protein Complex/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism ; beta-Glucosidase/genetics ; beta-Glucosidase/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins ; Heat-Shock Proteins, Small ; Photosystem II Protein Complex ; Plant Proteins ; Chlorophyll (1406-65-1) ; chlorophyll b (5712ZB110R) ; RolB protein, Agrobacterium rhizogenes (EC 3.2.1.-) ; beta-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) ; Chlorophyll A (YF5Q9EJC8Y)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	283647-6
ISSN	1618-1328 ; 0176-1617
ISSN (online)	1618-1328
ISSN	0176-1617
DOI	10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153095
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Article: Morphological and molecular characterisation of Geosmithia species on European elms.

Pepori, Alessia L / Kolařík, Miroslav / Bettini, Priscilla P / Vettraino, Anna Maria / Santini, Alberto

Fungal biology

2015 Volume 119, Issue 11, Page(s) 1063–1074

Abstract: Species of the genus Geosmithia are associated with insect species, mainly bark beetles. On Ulmus spp., the same beetles are also vectors of Ophiostoma ulmi s.l., the agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), a worldwide elm disease. Aim of this paper is to ... ...

Abstract	Species of the genus Geosmithia are associated with insect species, mainly bark beetles. On Ulmus spp., the same beetles are also vectors of Ophiostoma ulmi s.l., the agent of Dutch elm disease (DED), a worldwide elm disease. Aim of this paper is to characterise Geosmithia species associated with elms and/or elm beetles in Europe. Seventy-two strains representative of all morphological taxonomic units were used to build a phylogenetic tree based on ITS, β-tubulin and elongation factor 1-α gene regions. On the basis of molecular and morpho-physiological traits, seven taxonomic entities were identified. In addition to the species previously known our results assigned strains previously identified as Geosmithia pallida to two separate taxa: Geosmithia sp. 2 and Geosmithia sp. 5. Two new species, Geosmithia omnicola and Geosmithia ulmacea, are described. Two strains were assigned to the partially described species Geosmithia sp. 20. Geosmithia species living on Ulmus do not discriminate between elm species, but between different environments. The association between Ulmus and Geosmithia is common, stable, and seems to be related to specific vectors. The relationship between Geosmithia and Ophiostoma would deserve further investigation, as these fungi share the same vectors and habitat for a significant part of their life cycles.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cluster Analysis ; Coleoptera/microbiology ; DNA, Fungal/chemistry ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics ; Europe ; Genetic Variation ; Hypocreales/classification ; Hypocreales/cytology ; Hypocreales/genetics ; Hypocreales/isolation & purification ; Microscopy ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Elongation Factor 1/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tubulin/genetics ; Ulmus/microbiology
Chemical Substances	DNA, Fungal ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; Peptide Elongation Factor 1 ; Tubulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2532164-X
ISSN	1878-6162 ; 1878-6146
ISSN (online)	1878-6162
ISSN	1878-6146
DOI	10.1016/j.funbio.2015.08.003
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Article: Correction to: Geosmithia-Ophiostoma: a New Fungus-Fungus Association

Pepori, Alessia L / Bettini, Priscilla P / Comparini, Cecilia / Sarrocco, Sabrina / Bonini, Anna / Frascella, Arcangela / Ghelardini, Luisa / Scala, Aniello / Vannacci, Giovanni / Santini, Alberto

Microbial ecology. 2018 July, v. 76, no. 1

2018

Abstract: The article Geosmithia-Ophiostoma: a New Fungus-Fungus Association, written by Alessia L. Pepori, Priscilla P. Bettini, Cecilia Comparini, Sabrina Sarrocco, Anna Bonini, Arcangela Frascella, Luisa Ghelardini, & Aniello Scala, Giovanni Vannacci, Alberto ... ...

Abstract	The article Geosmithia-Ophiostoma: a New Fungus-Fungus Association, written by Alessia L. Pepori, Priscilla P. Bettini, Cecilia Comparini, Sabrina Sarrocco, Anna Bonini, Arcangela Frascella, Luisa Ghelardini, & Aniello Scala, Giovanni Vannacci, Alberto Santini.
Keywords	Dutch elm disease ; Geosmithia ; Ophiostoma ; biological control ; fungi ; mycoparasites
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-07
Size	p. 298.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article
Note	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	1462065-0
ISSN	1432-184X ; 0095-3628
ISSN (online)	1432-184X
ISSN	0095-3628
DOI	10.1007/s00248-017-1121-9
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Article: Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene affects photosynthesis and chlorophyll content in transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants

Bettini, Priscilla P / Elena Cosi / Fabiola Fani / Lorenzo Melani / Luigi Lazzara / Maria Luisa Mauro / Massimiliano Marvasi

Journal of plant physiology. 2016 Oct. 01, v. 204

2016

Abstract: Insertion of Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene into plant genome affects plant development, hormone balance and defence. However, beside the current research, the overall transcriptional response and gene expression of rolB as a modulator in plant is ... ...

Abstract	Insertion of Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene into plant genome affects plant development, hormone balance and defence. However, beside the current research, the overall transcriptional response and gene expression of rolB as a modulator in plant is unknown. Transformed rolB tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar Tondino has been used to investigate the differential expression profile. Tomato is a well-known model organism both at the genetic and molecular level, and one of the most important commercial food crops in the world.Through the construction and characterization of a cDNA subtracted library, we have investigated the differential gene expression between transgenic clones of rolB and control tomato and have evaluated genes specifically transcribed in transgenic rolB plants. Among the selected genes, five genes encoding for chlorophyll a/b binding protein, carbonic anhydrase, cytochrome b6/f complex Fe-S subunit, potassium efflux antiporter 3, and chloroplast small heat-shock protein, all involved in chloroplast function, were identified. Measurement of photosynthesis efficiency by the level of three different photosynthetic parameters (Fv/Fm, rETR, NPQ) showed rolB significant increase in non-photochemical quenching and a, b chlorophyll content. Our results point to highlight the role of rolB on plant fitness by improving photosynthesis.
Keywords	antiporters ; carbonate dehydratase ; chlorophyll ; chloroplasts ; clones ; complementary DNA ; cultivars ; food crops ; gene expression ; gene expression regulation ; genes ; heat shock proteins ; photosynthesis ; plant development ; potassium ; Rhizobium rhizogenes ; Solanum lycopersicum ; tomatoes ; transcription (genetics) ; transgenic plants
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-1001
Size	p. 27-35.
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	283647-6
ISSN	1618-1328 ; 0176-1617
ISSN (online)	1618-1328
ISSN	0176-1617
DOI	10.1016/j.jplph.2016.07.010
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Article ; Online: Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene affects photosynthesis and chlorophyll content in transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants.

Bettini, Priscilla P / Marvasi, Massimiliano / Fani, Fabiola / Lazzara, Luigi / Cosi, Elena / Melani, Lorenzo / Mauro, Maria Luisa

Journal of plant physiology

2016 Volume 204, Page(s) 27–35

Abstract	Insertion of Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene into plant genome affects plant development, hormone balance and defence. However, beside the current research, the overall transcriptional response and gene expression of rolB as a modulator in plant is unknown. Transformed rolB tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar Tondino has been used to investigate the differential expression profile. Tomato is a well-known model organism both at the genetic and molecular level, and one of the most important commercial food crops in the world. Through the construction and characterization of a cDNA subtracted library, we have investigated the differential gene expression between transgenic clones of rolB and control tomato and have evaluated genes specifically transcribed in transgenic rolB plants. Among the selected genes, five genes encoding for chlorophyll a/b binding protein, carbonic anhydrase, cytochrome b
MeSH term(s)	Agrobacterium/genetics ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Library ; Genes, Bacterial ; Lycopersicon esculentum/genetics ; Phenotype ; Photosynthesis ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reproducibility of Results
Chemical Substances	Chlorophyll (1406-65-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07-25
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	283647-6
ISSN	1618-1328 ; 0176-1617
ISSN (online)	1618-1328
ISSN	0176-1617
DOI	10.1016/j.jplph.2016.07.010
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Article: Widespread horizontal transfer of the cerato-ulmin gene between Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and Geosmithia species.

Bettini, Priscilla P / Frascella, Arcangela / Kolařík, Miroslav / Comparini, Cecilia / Pepori, Alessia L / Santini, Alberto / Scala, Felice / Scala, Aniello

Fungal biology

2014 Volume 118, Issue 8, Page(s) 663–674

Abstract: Previous work had shown that a sequence homologous to the gene encoding class II hydrophobin cerato-ulmin from the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causal agent of Dutch Elm Disease (DED), was present in a strain of the unrelated species Geosmithia ... ...

Abstract	Previous work had shown that a sequence homologous to the gene encoding class II hydrophobin cerato-ulmin from the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causal agent of Dutch Elm Disease (DED), was present in a strain of the unrelated species Geosmithia species 5 (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) isolated from Ulmus minor affected by DED. As both fungi occupy the same habitat, even if different ecological niches, the occurrence of horizontal gene transfer was proposed. In the present work we have analysed for the presence of the cerato-ulmin gene 70 Geosmithia strains representing 29 species, isolated from different host plants and geographic locations. The gene was found in 52.1 % of the strains derived from elm trees, while none of those isolated from nonelms possessed it. The expression of the gene in Geosmithia was also assessed by real time PCR in different growth conditions (liquid culture, solid culture, elm sawdust, dual culture with O. novo-ulmi), and was found to be extremely low in all conditions tested. On the basis of these results we propose that the cerato-ulmin gene is not functional in Geosmithia, but can be considered instead a marker of more extensive transfers of genetic material as shown in other fungi.
MeSH term(s)	Ascomycota/genetics ; Ascomycota/isolation & purification ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Fungal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycotoxins/genetics ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Ulmus/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Fungal Proteins ; Mycotoxins ; CU protein, Ophiostoma ulmi (66795-70-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2532164-X
ISSN	1878-6162 ; 1878-6146
ISSN (online)	1878-6162
ISSN	1878-6146
DOI	10.1016/j.funbio.2014.04.007
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Article: Interspecific variability of class II hydrophobin GEO1 in the genus Geosmithia.

Frascella, Arcangela / Bettini, Priscilla P / Kolařík, Miroslav / Comparini, Cecilia / Pazzagli, Luigia / Luti, Simone / Scala, Felice / Scala, Aniello

Fungal biology

2014 Volume 118, Issue 11, Page(s) 862–871

Abstract: The genus Geosmithia Pitt (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) comprises cosmopolite fungi living in the galleries built by phloeophagous insects. Following the characterization in Geosmithia species 5 of the class II hydrophobin GEO1 and of the corresponding gene, ...

Abstract	The genus Geosmithia Pitt (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) comprises cosmopolite fungi living in the galleries built by phloeophagous insects. Following the characterization in Geosmithia species 5 of the class II hydrophobin GEO1 and of the corresponding gene, the presence of the geo1 gene was investigated in 26 strains derived from different host plants and geographic locations and representing the whole phylogenetic diversity of the genus. The geo1 gene was detected in all the species tested where it maintained the general organization shown in Geosmithia species 5, comprising three exons and two introns. Size variations were found in both introns and in the first exon, the latter being due to the presence of an intragenic tandem repeat sequence corresponding to a stretch of glycine residues in the deduced proteins. At the amino acid level the deduced proteins had 44.6 % identity and no major differences in the biochemical parameters (pI, GRAVY index, hydropathy plots) were found. GEO1 release in the fungal culture medium was also assessed by turbidimetric assay and SDS-PAGE, and showed high variability between species. The phylogeny based on the geo1 sequences did not correspond to that generated from a neutral marker (ITS rDNA), suggesting that sequence similarities could be influenced by other factors than phylogenetic relatedness, such as the intimacy of the symbiosis with insect vectors. The hypothesis of a strong selection pressure on the geo1 gene was sustained by the low values (<1) of non synonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions ratios (Ka/Ks), which suggest that purifying selection might act on this gene. These results are compatible with either a birth-and-death evolution scenario or horizontal transfer of the gene between Geosmithia species.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Ascomycota/genetics ; Ascomycota/isolation & purification ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA, Fungal/chemistry ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics ; Exons ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Introns ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Chemical Substances	DNA, Fungal ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; Fungal Proteins ; Membrane Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2532164-X
ISSN	1878-6162 ; 1878-6146
ISSN (online)	1878-6162
ISSN	1878-6146
DOI	10.1016/j.funbio.2014.07.005
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