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Article ; Online: Immunohistochemical Analysis of Olfactory Sensory Neuron Populations in the Developing Olfactory Organ of the Guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Cyprinodontiformes, Poecilidae).

Bettini, Simone / Lazzari, Maurizio / Milani, Liliana / Maurizii, Maria Gabriella / Franceschini, Valeria

Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada

2023 Volume 29, Issue 5, Page(s) 1764–1773

Abstract: Olfaction is fundamental for sensing environmental chemicals and has obvious adaptive advantages. In fish, the peripheral olfactory organ is composed of lamellae in which the olfactory mucosa contains three main categories of olfactory sensory neurons ( ... ...

Abstract	Olfaction is fundamental for sensing environmental chemicals and has obvious adaptive advantages. In fish, the peripheral olfactory organ is composed of lamellae in which the olfactory mucosa contains three main categories of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) as follows: ciliated (cOSNs), microvillous (mOSNs), and crypt cells. We studied the appearance of these different OSNs during development of Poecilia reticulata, given its growing use as animal model system. We performed immunohistochemical detection of molecular markers specific for the different OSNs, carrying out image analyses for marked-cell counting and measuring optical density. The P. reticulata olfactory organ did not show change in size during the first weeks of life. The proliferative activity increased at the onset of secondary sexual characters, remaining high until sexual maturity. Then, it decreased in both sexes, but with a recovery in females, probably in relation to their almost double body growth, compared to males. The density of both cOSNs and mOSNs remained constant throughout development, probably due to conserved functions already active in the fry, independently of the sex. The density of calretinin-positive crypt cells decreased progressively until sexual maturity, whereas the increased density of calretinin-negative crypt cell fraction, prevailing in later developmental stages, indicated their probable involvement in reproductive activities.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Male ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons ; Poecilia ; Calbindin 2 ; Olfactory Mucosa
Chemical Substances	Calbindin 2
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1385710-1
ISSN	1435-8115 ; 1431-9276
ISSN (online)	1435-8115
ISSN	1431-9276
DOI	10.1093/micmic/ozad099
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Article ; Online: Response of Olfactory Sensory Neurons to Mercury Ions in Zebrafish: An Immunohistochemical Study.

Lazzari, Maurizio / Bettini, Simone / Milani, Liliana / Maurizii, Maria G / Franceschini, Valeria

Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada

2022 Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 227–242

Abstract: Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) of fish belong to three main types: ciliated olfactory sensory neurons (cOSNs), microvillous olfactory sensory neurons (mOSNs), and crypt cells. Mercury is a toxic metal harmful for olfaction. We exposed the olfactory ... ...

Abstract	Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) of fish belong to three main types: ciliated olfactory sensory neurons (cOSNs), microvillous olfactory sensory neurons (mOSNs), and crypt cells. Mercury is a toxic metal harmful for olfaction. We exposed the olfactory epithelium of zebrafish to three sublethal Hg2+ concentrations. Molecular markers specific for the different types of OSNs were immunohistochemically detected. Image analysis of treated sections enabled counting of marked cells and measurement of staining optical density indicative of the response of OSNs to Hg2+ exposure. The three types of OSNs reacted to mercury in a different way. Image analysis revealed that mOSNs are more susceptible to Hg2+ exposure than cOSNs and crypt cell density decreases. Moreover, while the ratio between sensory/nonsensory epithelium areas is unchanged, epithelium thickness drops, and dividing cells increase in the basal layer of the olfactory epithelium. Cell death but also reduction of apical processes and marker expression could account for changes in OSN immunostaining. Also, the differential results between dorsal and ventral halves of the olfactory rosette could derive from different water flows inside the olfactory chamber or different subpopulations in OSNs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ions/metabolism ; Mercury/metabolism ; Olfactory Mucosa ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/metabolism ; Zebrafish/physiology
Chemical Substances	Ions ; Mercury (FXS1BY2PGL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1385710-1
ISSN	1435-8115 ; 1431-9276
ISSN (online)	1435-8115
ISSN	1431-9276
DOI	10.1017/S1431927621013763
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Article: Molecular Markers in the Study of Non-model Vertebrates: Their Significant Contributions to the Current Knowledge of Tetrapod Glial Cells and Fish Olfactory Neurons.

Bettini, Simone / Lazzari, Maurizio / Franceschini, Valeria

Results and problems in cell differentiation

2019 Volume 68, Page(s) 355–377

Abstract: The knowledge of the morphological and functional aspects of mammalian glial cells has greatly increased in the last few decades. Glial cells represent the most diffused cell type in the central nervous system, and they play a critical role in the ... ...

Abstract	The knowledge of the morphological and functional aspects of mammalian glial cells has greatly increased in the last few decades. Glial cells represent the most diffused cell type in the central nervous system, and they play a critical role in the development and function of the brain. Glial cell dysfunction has recently been shown to contribute to various neurological disorders, such as autism, schizophrenia, pain, and neurodegeneration. For this reason, glia constitutes an interesting area of research because of its clinical, diagnostic, and pharmacological relapses. In this chapter, we present and discuss the cytoarchitecture of glial cells in tetrapods from an evolutive perspective. GFAP and vimentin are main components of the intermediate filaments of glial cells and are used as cytoskeletal molecular markers because of their high degree of conservation in the various vertebrate groups. In the anamniotic tetrapods and their progenitors, Rhipidistia (Dipnoi are the only extant rhipidistian fish), the cytoskeletal markers show a model based exclusively on radial glial cells. In the transition from primitive vertebrates to successively evolved forms, the emergence of a new model has been observed which is believed to support the most complex functional aspects of the nervous system in the vertebrates. In reptiles, radial glial cells are prevalent, but star-shaped astrocytes begin to appear in the midbrain. In endothermic amniotes (birds and mammals), star-shaped astrocytes are predominant. In glial cells, vimentin is indicative of immature cells, while GFAP indicates mature ones.Olfactory receptor neurons undergo continuous turnover, so they are an easy model for neurogenesis studies. Moreover, they are useful in neurotoxicity studies because of the exposed position of their apical pole to the external environment. Among vertebrates, fish represent a valid biological model in this field. In particular, zebrafish, already used in laboratories for embryological, neurobiological, genetic, and pathophysiological studies, is the reference organism in olfactory system research. Smell plays an important role in the reproductive behavior of fish, with direct influences also on the numerical consistency of their populations. Taking into account that a lot of species have considerable economic importance, it is necessary to verify if the model of zebrafish olfactory organ is also directly applicable to other fish. In this chapter, we focus on crypt cells, a morphological type of olfactory cells specific of fish. We describe hypothetical function (probably related with social behavior) and evolutive position of these cells (prior to the appearance of the vomeronasal organ in tetrapods). We also offer the first comparison of the molecular characteristics of these receptors between zebrafish and the guppy. Interestingly, the immunohistochemical expression patterns of known crypt cell markers are not overlapping in the two species.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Neurogenesis ; Neuroglia/metabolism ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/metabolism ; Zebrafish/physiology
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-09
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	0080-1844
ISSN	0080-1844
DOI	10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_15
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Article ; Online: Early germline differentiation in bivalves: TDRD7 as a candidate investigational unit for Ruditapes philippinarum germ granule assembly.

Filanti, Beatrice / Piccinini, Giovanni / Bettini, Simone / Lazzari, Maurizio / Franceschini, Valeria / Maurizii, Maria Gabriella / Milani, Liliana

Histochemistry and cell biology

2021 Volume 156, Issue 1, Page(s) 19–34

Abstract: The germline is a key feature of sexual animals and the ways in which it separates from the soma differ widely across Metazoa. However, at least at some point during germline differentiation, some cytoplasmic supramolecular structures (collectively ... ...

Abstract	The germline is a key feature of sexual animals and the ways in which it separates from the soma differ widely across Metazoa. However, at least at some point during germline differentiation, some cytoplasmic supramolecular structures (collectively called germ plasm-related structures) are present and involved in its specification and/or differentiation. The factors involved in the assembly of these granular structures are various and non-ubiquitous among animals, even if some functional patterns and the presence of certain domains appear to be shared among some. For instance, the LOTUS domain is shared by Oskar, the Holometabola germ plasm master regulator, and some Tudor-family proteins assessed as being involved in the proper assembly of germ granules of different animals. Here, we looked for the presence of LOTUS-containing proteins in the transcriptome of Ruditapes philippinarum (Bivalvia). Such species is of particular interest because it displays annual renewal of gonads, sided by the renewal of germline differentiation pathways. Moreover, previous works have identified in its early germ cells cytoplasmic granules containing germline determinants. We selected the orthologue of TDRD7 as a candidate involved in the early steps of germline differentiation through bioinformatic predictions and immunohistological patterning (immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence). We observed the expression of the protein in putative precursors of germline cells, upstream to the germline marker Vasa. This, added to the fact that orthologues of this protein are involved in the assembly of germ granules in mouse, zebrafish, and fly, makes it a worthy study unit for investigations on the formation of such structures in bivalves.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bivalvia ; Cell Differentiation ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism ; Germ Cells/cytology ; Germ Cells/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/analysis ; Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Ribonucleoproteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-26
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1222930-1
ISSN	1432-119X ; 0301-5564 ; 0948-6143
ISSN (online)	1432-119X
ISSN	0301-5564 ; 0948-6143
DOI	10.1007/s00418-021-01983-0
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Article ; Online: Immunocytochemical characterisation of ensheathing glia in the olfactory and vomeronasal systems of Ambystoma mexicanum (Caudata: Ambystomatidae).

Lazzari, Maurizio / Bettini, Simone / Franceschini, Valeria

Brain structure & function

2016 Volume 221, Issue 2, Page(s) 955–967

Abstract: The olfactory and vomeronasal systems of vertebrates are characterised by neurogenesis occurring throughout life. The regenerative ability of olfactory receptor neurons relies on specific glial cells, the olfactory and vomeronasal axon-surrounding cells. ...

Abstract	The olfactory and vomeronasal systems of vertebrates are characterised by neurogenesis occurring throughout life. The regenerative ability of olfactory receptor neurons relies on specific glial cells, the olfactory and vomeronasal axon-surrounding cells. Numerous studies have examined mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells which are considered potential candidates for spinal cord injury repair using cell-based therapy. With regard to non-mammalian vertebrates, limited information is available on these glial cells in fish, and there is no information on them in terrestrial anamniotes, the amphibians. In the present research, we studied the immunocytochemical characteristics of axon-surrounding cells in Ambystoma mexicanum. Urodeles have relatively simple olfactory and vomeronasal systems, and represent a good model for studying ensheathing cells in extant representatives of basal tetrapods. Sections from the decalcified heads of A. mexicanum were immunocytochemically processed for the detection of proteins used in research on mammalian olfactory-ensheathing cells. S100, GFAP and NCAM were clearly observed. p75NTR, Gal-1 and PSA-NCAM showed weak staining. No vimentin immunopositivity was observed. The corresponding areas of the olfactory and vomeronasal pathways displayed the same staining characteristics, with the exception of Gal-1, p75NTR and PSA-NCAM in the mucosae. The degree of marker expression was not uniform throughout the sensory pathways. In contrast to fish, both olfactory and vomeronasal nerves displayed uniform staining intensity. This study showed that some markers for mammalian and fish-ensheathing glia are also applicable in urodeles. The olfactory systems of vertebrates show similarities, and also clear dissimilarities. Further investigations are required to ascertain the functional significance of these regional and interspecific differences.
MeSH term(s)	Ambystoma mexicanum/metabolism ; Animals ; Axons/metabolism ; Neuroglia/metabolism ; Olfactory Pathways/metabolism ; Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism ; Smell/physiology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/metabolism ; Vomeronasal Organ/physiology
Chemical Substances	Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2273162-3
ISSN	1863-2661 ; 1863-2653
ISSN (online)	1863-2661
ISSN	1863-2653
DOI	10.1007/s00429-014-0949-8
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Article ; Online: Differential nickel-induced responses of olfactory sensory neuron populations in zebrafish.

Lazzari, Maurizio / Bettini, Simone / Milani, Liliana / Maurizii, Maria Gabriella / Franceschini, Valeria

Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

2018 Volume 206, Page(s) 14–23

Abstract: The olfactory epithelium of fish includes three main types of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Whereas ciliated (cOSNs) and microvillous olfactory sensory neurons (mOSNs) are common to all vertebrates, a third, smaller group, the crypt cells, is ... ...

Abstract	The olfactory epithelium of fish includes three main types of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Whereas ciliated (cOSNs) and microvillous olfactory sensory neurons (mOSNs) are common to all vertebrates, a third, smaller group, the crypt cells, is exclusive for fish. Dissolved pollutants reach OSNs, thus resulting in impairment of the olfactory function with possible neurobehavioral damages, and nickel represents a diffuse olfactory toxicant. We studied the effects of three sublethal Ni
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits/metabolism ; Nickel/toxicity ; Olfactory Mucosa/drug effects ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/drug effects ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; Zebrafish/physiology
Chemical Substances	GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; olfactory G protein subunit alpha olf ; Nickel (7OV03QG267)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	782699-0
ISSN	1879-1514 ; 0166-445X
ISSN (online)	1879-1514
ISSN	0166-445X
DOI	10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.011
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Article ; Online: Histopathological analysis of the olfactory epithelium of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to sublethal doses of urea.

Bettini, Simone / Lazzari, Maurizio / Ferrando, Sara / Gallus, Lorenzo / Franceschini, Valeria

Journal of anatomy

2016 Volume 228, Issue 1, Page(s) 59–69

Abstract: Chronic renal disease is known to alter olfactory function, but the specific changes induced in olfactory organs during this process remain unclear. Of the uraemic toxins generated during renal disease, high levels of urea are known to induce hyposmic ... ...

Abstract	Chronic renal disease is known to alter olfactory function, but the specific changes induced in olfactory organs during this process remain unclear. Of the uraemic toxins generated during renal disease, high levels of urea are known to induce hyposmic conditions. In this study, the effects of environmental exposure to elevated concentrations of urea (7, 13.5 and 20 g L(-1)) on the sensory mucosa of zebrafish in acute toxicity and chronic toxicity tests were described. It was observed that lamellae maintained structural integrity and epithelial thickness was slightly reduced, but only following exposure to the highest concentrations of urea. Pan-neuronal labelling with anti-Hu revealed a negative correlation with levels of urea, leading to investigation of whether distinct neuronal subtypes were equally sensitive. Using densitometric analysis of immunolabelled tissues, numbers of Gα olf-, TRPC2- and TrkA-expressing cells were compared, representing ciliated, microvillous and crypt neurons, respectively. The three neuronal subpopulations responded differently to increasing levels of urea. In particular, crypt cells were more severely affected than the other cell types, and Gα olf-immunoreactivity was found to increase when fish were exposed to low doses of urea. It can be concluded that exposure to moderate levels of urea leads to sensory toxicity directly affecting olfactory organs, in accordance with the functional olfactometric measurements previously reported in the literature.
MeSH term(s)	Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Olfactory Bulb/drug effects ; Olfactory Mucosa/drug effects ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/drug effects ; Urea/toxicity ; Water Pollutants/toxicity ; Zebrafish/physiology
Chemical Substances	GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits ; Water Pollutants ; olfactory G protein subunit alpha olf ; Urea (8W8T17847W)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2955-5
ISSN	1469-7580 ; 0021-8782
ISSN (online)	1469-7580
ISSN	0021-8782
DOI	10.1111/joa.12397
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Article ; Online: Immunocytochemical characterization of olfactory ensheathing cells in fish.

Lazzari, Maurizio / Bettini, Simone / Franceschini, Valeria

Brain structure & function

2013 Volume 218, Issue 2, Page(s) 539–549

Abstract: In the olfactory system of vertebrates, neurogenesis occurs throughout life. The regenerating activities of the olfactory receptor neurons are connected to particular glial cells in the olfactory pathway: the olfactory ensheathing cells. A considerable ... ...

Abstract	In the olfactory system of vertebrates, neurogenesis occurs throughout life. The regenerating activities of the olfactory receptor neurons are connected to particular glial cells in the olfactory pathway: the olfactory ensheathing cells. A considerable number of studies are available in literature regarding mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells; this is due to their potential role in cell-based therapy for spinal cord injury repair. But very little is known about these cells in non-mammalian vertebrates. In this study we examined the immunocytochemical characteristics of the olfactory ensheathing cells in fish, which provide a good model for the study of glial cells in the olfactory pathway of non-mammalian vertebrates. Paraffin sections from decalcified heads of Poecilia reticulata (microsmatic fish) and Carassius auratus (macrosmatic fish) were processed to immunocytochemically detect ensheathing cell markers used in research on mammals: GFAP, S100, NCAM, PSA-NCAM, vimentin, p75NTR and galectin-1. GFAP, S100 and NCAM were clearly detected in both fish, though the intracranial tract of the primary olfactory pathway of Carassius appears more S100 stained than the extracranial tract. P75NTR staining is more evident in Poecilia, PSA-NCAM positivity in Carassius. A slight vimentin immunostaining was detected only in Carassius. No galectin-1 staining appeared in the olfactory pathways of either fish. This study shows that some markers for mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells also stain the olfactory pathway in fish. Immunocytochemical staining differs in the two fish under examination, even along the various tracts of the olfactory pathway in the same species.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Female ; Fish Proteins/metabolism ; Goldfish/anatomy & histology ; Goldfish/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neuroglia/metabolism ; Olfactory Pathways/cytology ; Olfactory Pathways/metabolism ; Paraffin Embedding ; Poecilia/anatomy & histology ; Poecilia/metabolism ; Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism ; Smell
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Fish Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-03
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2273162-3
ISSN	1863-2661 ; 1863-2653
ISSN (online)	1863-2661
ISSN	1863-2653
DOI	10.1007/s00429-012-0414-5
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Article ; Online: Immunocytochemical characterisation of olfactory ensheathing cells of zebrafish.

Lazzari, Maurizio / Bettini, Simone / Franceschini, Valeria

Journal of anatomy

2013 Volume 224, Issue 2, Page(s) 192–206

Abstract: Continuous lifelong neurogenesis is typical of the vertebrate olfactory system. The regenerative ability of olfactory receptor neurons is dependent on the glial cell type specific to the olfactory pathway, designated 'olfactory ensheathing cells'. ... ...

Abstract	Continuous lifelong neurogenesis is typical of the vertebrate olfactory system. The regenerative ability of olfactory receptor neurons is dependent on the glial cell type specific to the olfactory pathway, designated 'olfactory ensheathing cells'. Several studies to date have focused on mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells, owing to their potential roles in cell-based therapy for spinal cord injury repair. However, limited information is available regarding this glial cell type in non-mammalian vertebrates, particularly anamniotes. In the current immunocytochemical study, we analysed the features of olfactory ensheathing cells in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Fish provide a good model for studying glial cells associated with the olfactory pathway of non-mammalian vertebrates. In particular, zebrafish has numerous valuable features that enable its use as a prime model organism for genetic, neurobiological and developmental studies, as well as toxicology and genomics research. Paraffin sections from decalcified heads of zebrafish were processed immunocytochemically to detect proteins used in the research on mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells, including glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), S100, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), polysialylated NCAM (PSA-NCAM), vimentin (VIM), p75NTR and galactin (Gal)-1. Notably, GFAP, S100, NCAM and Gal-1 were clearly observed, whereas no vimentin staining was detected. Weak immunostaining for PSA-NCAM and p75NTR was evident. Moreover the degree of marker expression was not uniform in various tracts of the zebrafish olfactory pathway. The immunostaining patterns of the zebrafish olfactory system are distinct from those of other fish to some extent, suggesting interspecific differences. We also showed that the olfactory pathway of zebrafish expresses markers of mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells. The olfactory systems of vertebrates have similarities but there are also marked variations between them. The issue of whether regional and interspecific differences in immunostaining patterns of olfactory pathway markers have functional significance requires further investigation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Olfactory Bulb/chemistry ; Olfactory Bulb/cytology ; Olfactory Pathways/cytology ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/cytology ; S100 Proteins/analysis ; Zebrafish
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; S100 Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-10-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2955-5
ISSN	1469-7580 ; 0021-8782
ISSN (online)	1469-7580
ISSN	0021-8782
DOI	10.1111/joa.12129
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Article ; Online: Crypt cell markers in the olfactory organ of Poecilia reticulata: analysis and comparison with the fish model Danio rerio.

Bettini, Simone / Milani, Liliana / Lazzari, Maurizio / Maurizii, Maria Gabriella / Franceschini, Valeria

Brain structure & function

2017 Volume 222, Issue 7, Page(s) 3063–3074

Abstract: Olfactory crypt neurons have been observed in several bony fishes and chondrichtyans. Although their morphology is uniform in all fish, very few is known about their antigenic properties, usually studied in zebrafish, but quite overlooked in other ... ...

Abstract	Olfactory crypt neurons have been observed in several bony fishes and chondrichtyans. Although their morphology is uniform in all fish, very few is known about their antigenic properties, usually studied in zebrafish, but quite overlooked in other species. We tested in Poecilia reticulata (guppy) the two antibodies recognized to mark zebrafish crypt cells: while anti-S100 showed an immunohistochemical pattern comparable to what reported in zebrafish, anti-TrkA gave no signal. Western blot analysis revealed that S100-antiserum bound an antigen of expected weight, probably belonging to the S100 family. On the contrary, anti-TrkA detected more bands, but the protein/s might be too much diffused and/or diluted in the tissue to be detected with immunohistochemistry. Because of the high level of conservation in the Trk family proteins of the kinase domain, on which anti-TrkA was produced, we also tested anti-TrkB to exclude cross reactivity. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot confirmed that anti-TrkB displayed high specificity to its target and a different staining pattern compared to anti-TrkA, but, as anti-TrkA, it did not label crypt neurons. Finally, we documented that calretinin, a known marker of zebrafish ciliated and microvillous olfactory cells, in the guppy is expressed also by a subpopulation of S100-positive crypt neurons. These results reveal differences in antigen expression between zebrafish and guppy crypt cells. Together with the already known species-specific projections to the olfactory bulb and a heterogeneous panel of odorants, our findings support the possibility that crypt cells are functionally less uniform as supposed.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/cytology ; Calbindin 2/metabolism ; Female ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurons/ultrastructure ; Olfactory Bulb/cytology ; Olfactory Pathways/metabolism ; Olfactory Pathways/ultrastructure ; Poecilia/anatomy & histology ; Receptor, trkB/metabolism ; S100 Proteins/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Zebrafish/anatomy & histology
Chemical Substances	Calbindin 2 ; S100 Proteins ; Receptor, trkB (EC 2.7.10.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-09
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2273162-3
ISSN	1863-2661 ; 1863-2653
ISSN (online)	1863-2661
ISSN	1863-2653
DOI	10.1007/s00429-017-1386-2
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