Article ; Online: Self-Organization at Aqueous Colloid-Membrane Interfaces and an Optical Method to Measure the Kinetics of Exclusion Zone Formation
Entropy, Vol 16, Iss 11, Pp 5954-
2014 Volume 5975
Abstract: Exclusion zone (EZ) formation at water-membrane interfaces was studied via bright- and dark-field microscopy. Various aqueous colloids including suspensions of charged microspheres, silicon dioxide particles, and raw whole milk were studied with Nafion® ... ...
| Abstract | Exclusion zone (EZ) formation at water-membrane interfaces was studied via bright- and dark-field microscopy. Various aqueous colloids including suspensions of charged microspheres, silicon dioxide particles, and raw whole milk were studied with Nafion® hydrophilic membranes. Interfacial formations observed included EZs and more complex patterns including striations, double layers, banding, dendritic aggregates of particles, and double-stranded structures resembling Birkeland current filaments in cold plasmas. A complex three-dimensional dynamic structure and continuous flow patterns persist in and around EZs, maintaining movement of the colloidal particles even after EZs are fully formed, for which a schematic is proposed. Since radiant energy is critical for EZ formation, we hypothesize that these interfacial phenomena are non-equilibrium dissipative structures that self-organize and self-maintain due to ongoing dynamic processes that may involve hydrodynamic interactions. Another experimental approach undertaken involved the construction of a microscope flow cell to measure the kinetics of EZ formation using sequential microphotography analyzed with macro-programmed ImageJ software to investigate effects of different types of conditioned water. No significant difference was found between spring water and the same water treated by a magnetic vortexer. A significant difference was found for municipal tap water compared to electrolyzed alkaline tap water from the same source. |
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| Keywords | interfacial water ; exclusion zone ; aqueous colloid ; self-organization ; non-equilibrium ; dissipative structure ; Science ; Q ; Astrophysics ; QB460-466 ; Physics ; QC1-999 |
| Subject code | 660 |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2014-11-01T00:00:00Z |
| Publisher | MDPI AG |
| Document type | Article ; Online |
| Database | BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection) |
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