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Article ; Online: When the solution becomes the problem: a review on antimicrobial resistance in dairy cattle.

Pires, Ana José / Pereira, Gonçalo / Fangueiro, David / Bexiga, Ricardo / Oliveira, Manuela

2024

Abstract: Antibiotics' action, once a 'magic bullet', is now hindered by widespread microbial resistance, creating a global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis. A primary driver of AMR is the selective pressure from antimicrobial use. Between 2000 and 2015, ... ...

Abstract	Antibiotics' action, once a 'magic bullet', is now hindered by widespread microbial resistance, creating a global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis. A primary driver of AMR is the selective pressure from antimicrobial use. Between 2000 and 2015, antibiotic consumption increased by 65%, reaching 34.8 billion tons, 73% of which was used in animals. In the dairy cattle sector, antibiotics are crucial for treating diseases like mastitis, posing risks to humans, animals and potentially leading to environmental contamination. To address AMR, strategies like selective dry cow therapy, alternative treatments (nanoparticles, phages) and waste management innovations are emerging. However, most solutions are in development, emphasizing the urgent need for further research to tackle AMR in dairy farms.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2254620-0
ISSN	1746-0921 ; 1746-0913
ISSN (online)	1746-0921
ISSN	1746-0913
DOI	10.2217/fmb-2023-0232
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Article ; Online: Detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy calves in Lisbon and Tagus Valley, Portugal.

Louro, Mariana / Bexiga, Ricardo / da Fonseca, Isabel Pereira / Gomes, Jacinto

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports

2023 Volume 47, Page(s) 100964

Abstract: Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite with worldwide distribution, infecting a wide range of hosts with some zoonotic species. Calves have been identified as one of the most common reservoirs of this parasite. However, little is known about the ... ...

Abstract	Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite with worldwide distribution, infecting a wide range of hosts with some zoonotic species. Calves have been identified as one of the most common reservoirs of this parasite. However, little is known about the genetics of Cryptosporidium in calves in Portugal. This study aimed to molecularly characterize infections of Cryptosporidium in pre-weaned calves from the Lisbon and Tagus Valley (LTV) in Portugal. Fifty-two samples were collected from calves from eight dairy and two beef farms in LTV, Portugal. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining (MZN) and direct immunofluorescent assay (DFA). MZN and DFA revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in 40.4% (21/52) and 67.3% (35/52) samples, respectively. Positive samples were analyzed by PCR-RFLP of the 18 s rRNA gene for species identification. DNA amplification of the 18S rRNA gene was successful for 88.6% (31/35) of samples. Cryptosporidium parvum was identified in 96.8% (30/31) of the samples, and from one sample Cryptosporidium bovis was identified. Cryptosporidium parvum positive samples were subtyped by sequencing the PCR product of a partial fragment of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene. Subtype analysis of the C. parvum isolates revealed that all isolates belonged to subtype family IIa. Four subtypes were recognized within this subtype family, including the hyper-transmissible IIaA15G2R1 subtype that is the most frequently reported worldwide (27/30), IIaA14G2R1 (1/30), IIaA16G2R1 (1/30) and IIaA19G2R1 (1/30). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. bovis, and C. parvum subtypes IIaA14G2R1 and IIaA19G2R1 in cattle in LTV, Portugal. The presence of the zoonotic C. parvum subtype in this study suggests that pre-weaned calves are likely to be a significant reservoir of zoonotic C. parvum, highlighting the importance of animal-to-human infection transmission risk. Further molecular studies are required to better understand the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in Portugal.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cryptosporidium/genetics ; Portugal/epidemiology ; Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology ; Cryptosporidium parvum/genetics ; Environment ; Oocysts ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-9390
ISSN (online)	2405-9390
DOI	10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100964
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Article ; Online: Antimicrobial (ESBL) resistance genes in faecal

Cardoso, Manuel / Prata, Inês / Rebelo, Inês / Nunes, Telmo / Pires, Ana / Carneiro, Carla / Bexiga, Ricardo

The Journal of dairy research

2022 , Page(s) 1–6

Abstract: This research paper aimed to evaluate the association between feeding waste milk to calves and the occurrence of antimicrobial multi-resistance by extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes through determining their production ... ...

Abstract	This research paper aimed to evaluate the association between feeding waste milk to calves and the occurrence of antimicrobial multi-resistance by extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes through determining their production by
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242089-2
ISSN	1469-7629 ; 0022-0299
ISSN (online)	1469-7629
ISSN	0022-0299
DOI	10.1017/S0022029922000486
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Article: Impact of Endemic Besnoitiosis on the Performance of a Dairy Cattle Herd.

Anastácio, Catarina / Bexiga, Ricardo / Nolasco, Sofia / Zúquete, Sara / Delgado, Inês L S / Nunes, Telmo / Leitão, Alexandre

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2022 Volume 12, Issue 10

Abstract: This study aimed to assess the effect ... ...

Abstract	This study aimed to assess the effect of
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani12101291
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Article: Effects of feeding rumen-protected linseed fat to postpartum dairy cows on plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations and metabolic and reproductive parameters

Pereira, Gonçalo / Simões, Patrícia / Bexiga, Ricardo / Silva, Elisabete / Mateus, Luisa / Fernandes, Tatiane / Alves, Susana P. / Bessa, Rui J.B. / Lopes-da-Costa, Luis

American Dairy Science Association Journal of dairy science. 2022 Jan., v. 105, no. 1

2022

Abstract: High-yielding dairy cows experience a negative energy balance and inflammatory status during the transition period. Fat supplementation increases diet energy density, and plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been proposed to improve immune ... ...

Abstract	High-yielding dairy cows experience a negative energy balance and inflammatory status during the transition period. Fat supplementation increases diet energy density, and plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been proposed to improve immune function. This study tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with a rumen-protected and n-3 PUFA-enriched fat could ameliorate both the energetic deficit and immune status of postpartum high-yielding dairy cows, improving overall health and reproductive efficiency. At 11 d in milk (DIM), cows were randomly allocated to groups (1) n-3 PUFA (n = 29), supplemented with encapsulated linseed oil supplying additional up to 64 g/d (mean 25 ± 4 g/d) of α-linolenic acid (ALA), or (2) control (n = 31), supplemented with hydrogenated palm oil without ALA content. Fat supplements of the n-3 PUFA and control groups were available through an automated, off-parlor feeding system, and intake depended on the cow's feeding behavior. Plasma ALA concentrations were higher in n-3 PUFA than control cows, following a linear relation with supplement ingestion, resulting in a lower n-6/n-3 ratio in plasma. Metabolic parameters (body condition score and glucose and β-hydroxybutyric acid blood concentrations) were unaffected, but milk yield improved with increased intake of fat supplements. Plasma total adiponectin concentrations were negatively correlated with ingestion of n-3 PUFA-enriched fat supplement, following a linear relation with intake. Conception rate to first AI increased with higher intake of both fats, but a decrease of calving-to-conception interval occurred only in n-3 PUFA cows. Postpartum ovarian activity and endometrial inflammatory status at 45 DIM were unaffected. In conclusion, this study evinced a positive linear relation between rumen-protected linseed fat intake and plasma n-3 PUFA concentrations, which modulated adiponectin expression and improved reproductive parameters.
Keywords	adiponectin ; automation ; body condition ; conception rate ; dairy science ; dietary supplements ; encapsulation ; endometrium ; energy balance ; energy density ; fat intake ; glucose ; immune response ; ingestion ; linseed ; linseed oil ; milk ; milk yield ; omega-3 fatty acids ; palm oils ; reproductive efficiency
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Size	p. 361-374.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2021-20674
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The Antibiotic Treatment of Calf Diarrhea in Four European Countries: A Survey.

Eibl, Cassandra / Bexiga, Ricardo / Viora, Lorenzo / Guyot, Hugues / Félix, José / Wilms, Johanna / Tichy, Alexander / Hund, Alexandra

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 10, Issue 8

Abstract: Neonatal calves are commonly affected by diarrhea caused by different pathogens, but not always bacteria. Yet, antibiotics are routinely used as a treatment to an unknown extent. It was our goal to survey antibiotic use for the treatment of neonatal calf ...

Abstract	Neonatal calves are commonly affected by diarrhea caused by different pathogens, but not always bacteria. Yet, antibiotics are routinely used as a treatment to an unknown extent. It was our goal to survey antibiotic use for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea in different countries and to identify influencing factors. A total of 873 farmers and veterinarians in Austria, Belgium, Portugal, and Scotland participated in a voluntary online survey. The data were analyzed using classification and regression tree analyses and chi
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2681345-2
ISSN	2079-6382
ISSN	2079-6382
DOI	10.3390/antibiotics10080910
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Article ; Online: Technological advances in bovine mastitis diagnosis: an overview.

Duarte, Carla M / Freitas, Paulo P / Bexiga, Ricardo

Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc

2015 Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 665–672

Abstract: Bovine mastitis is an economic burden for dairy farmers and preventive control measures are crucial for the sustainability of any dairy business. The identification of etiological agents is necessary in controlling the disease, reducing risk of chronic ... ...

Abstract	Bovine mastitis is an economic burden for dairy farmers and preventive control measures are crucial for the sustainability of any dairy business. The identification of etiological agents is necessary in controlling the disease, reducing risk of chronic infections and targeting antimicrobial therapy. The suitability of a detection method for routine diagnosis depends on several factors, including specificity, sensitivity, cost, time in producing results, and suitability for large-scale sampling of milk. This article focuses on current methodologies for identification of mastitis pathogens and for detection of inflammation, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different methods. Emerging technologies, such as transcriptome and proteome analyses and nano- and microfabrication of portable devices, offer promising, sensitive methods for advanced detection of mastitis pathogens and biomarkers of inflammation. The demand for alternative, fast, and reliable diagnostic procedures is rising as farms become bigger. Several examples of technological and scientific advances are summarized which have given rise to more sensitive, reliable and faster diagnostic results.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures/instrumentation ; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures/veterinary ; Female ; Mastitis, Bovine/diagnosis ; Mastitis, Bovine/immunology
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	287603-6
ISSN	1943-4936 ; 1040-6387
ISSN (online)	1943-4936
ISSN	1040-6387
DOI	10.1177/1040638715603087
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Article: Presence of Mycobacterium avium subs. paratuberculosis DNA in milk used to feed calves in Portugal

Leão, Célia / Botelho, Ana / Martins, Elisabete / Aguiar, Carla / Rebelo, Inês / Nunes, Telmo / Bexiga, Ricardo

Journal of dairy research. 2017 May, v. 84, no. 2

2017

Abstract: This Technical Research communication describes results of a study aimed at detecting the presence of Map in milk fed to calves, and identifying possible risk factors for that presence. A questionnaire was performed on 37 dairy farms and waste milk ... ...

Abstract	This Technical Research communication describes results of a study aimed at detecting the presence of Map in milk fed to calves, and identifying possible risk factors for that presence. A questionnaire was performed on 37 dairy farms and waste milk samples were collected on 3 occasions separated by a minimum of 1 week. For farms not feeding waste milk, bulk tank milk samples were collected instead. A real time PCR for the detection of the IS900 sequence was performed for the detection of Map. A majority of farms (89·2%) fed waste milk, with only one pasteurising the milk before feeding it to calves. Results of the PCR showed that 51·5% of the farms that were feeding waste milk had a positive result for Map on that milk. None of the studied risk factors were significantly associated with the presence of Map in milk samples, possibly due to the small number of farms entering the study. However, the prevalence of positive samples for Map on PCR was 3·5 times higher for farms that bought in animals from a single origin and 1·9 times higher for farms that bought from multiple farms, when compared with closed farms. Having a calving area for multiple cows also increased the risk of a positive Map result by 1·5 when compared with single pens. The risk of having a positive Map result on waste milk was 1·6 times higher for farms feeding that milk to male calves and 1·4 for farms feeding to both male and female calves, when compared with farms not feeding waste milk. This study highlights paratuberculosis as one of the potential risks of feeding waste milk to calves, and the need for mitigation strategies to be in place to avoid unnecessary disease transmission.
Keywords	DNA ; Mycobacterium avium ; bulk milk ; calves ; calving ; cows ; dairy farming ; disease transmission ; farms ; males ; milk ; paratuberculosis ; pasteurization ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; questionnaires ; risk factors ; wastes ; Portugal
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-05
Size	p. 124-127.
Publishing place	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	242089-2
ISSN	1469-7629 ; 0022-0299
ISSN (online)	1469-7629
ISSN	0022-0299
DOI	10.1017/S0022029917000164
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Article: Semi-quantitative method for Staphylococci magnetic detection in raw milk

Duarte, Carla Margarida / Carneiro, Carla / Cardoso, Susana / Freitas, Paulo Peixeiro / Bexiga, Ricardo

Journal of dairy research. 2017 Feb., v. 84, no. 1

2017

Abstract: Bovine mastitis is the most costly disease for dairy farmers, hence, control measures to prevent it are crucial for dairy farm sustainability. Staphylococcus aureus is considered a major mastitis pathogen because of its impact on milk quality and low ... ...

Abstract	Bovine mastitis is the most costly disease for dairy farmers, hence, control measures to prevent it are crucial for dairy farm sustainability. Staphylococcus aureus is considered a major mastitis pathogen because of its impact on milk quality and low cure rates. Prevention of S. aureus mastitis includes segregation of infected animals, whilst treatment of such animals should be performed for a longer time to improve cure rates. This makes identification of S. aureus infected quarters and animals of significant importance. The experiments reported in this research paper aimed to develop and validate a sensitive method for magnetic detection of S. aureus and of the Staphylococcus genus in raw milk samples. Mastitic milk samples were collected aseptically from 47 cows with subclinical mastitis, from 12 Portuguese dairy farms. Forty nine quarter milk samples were selected based on bacteriological results. All samples were submitted to PCR analysis. In parallel, these milk samples were mixed with a solution combining specific antibodies and magnetic nanoparticles, to be analysed using a lab-on-a-chip magnetoresistive cytometer, with microfluidic sample handling. The antibodies used in this work were a rabbit polyclonal IgG anti-S. aureus ScpA protein and a mouse monoclonal IgM anti-S. aureus ATCC 29740. This paper describes the methodology used for magnetic detection of bacteria, including analysis of false positive/negative results. This immunological recognition was able to detect bacterial presence above 100 cfu/ml, independently of antibody and targeted bacteria used in this work. Comparison with PCR results showed sensitivities of 57·1 and 79·3%, specificity values of 75 and 50%, and PPV values of 40 and 95·8% for magnetic identification of Staphylococci species with an anti-S. aureus antibody and an anti-Staphylococcus spp. antibody, respectively. Some constraints are described as well as the method's limitations in bacterial quantification. Sensitivities and specificities require to be improved, nevertheless, the methodology described may form the basis for a means of identifying S. aureus infected cows at the point of care.
Keywords	Staphylococcus aureus ; antibodies ; bacteria ; bovine mastitis ; control methods ; cows ; dairy farming ; farmers ; immunoglobulin G ; immunoglobulin M ; lab-on-a-chip technology ; magnetism ; mice ; milk ; milk quality ; nanoparticles ; pathogens ; point-of-care systems ; polymerase chain reaction ; rabbits ; raw milk
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-02
Size	p. 80-88.
Publishing place	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	242089-2
ISSN	1469-7629 ; 0022-0299
ISSN (online)	1469-7629
ISSN	0022-0299
DOI	10.1017/S0022029916000741
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Article: New Insights on

Alves-Barroco, Cinthia / Caço, João / Roma-Rodrigues, Catarina / Fernandes, Alexandra R / Bexiga, Ricardo / Oliveira, Manuela / Chambel, Lélia / Tenreiro, Rogério / Mato, Rosario / Santos-Sanches, Ilda

Frontiers in microbiology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 686413

Abstract: Streptococcus ... ...

Abstract	Streptococcus dysgalactiae
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2021.686413
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