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Article ; Online: Evaluating the effect of calcium, magnesium and sodium supplementation of Merino ewes on their lambs' growth.

Ataollahi, F / McGrath, S / Friend, M / Dutton, G / Peters, A / Bhanugopan, M

2023 Volume 101, Issue 10, Page(s) 391–396

Abstract: Our study aimed to investigate responses to supplementation of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) to lactating ewes and lambs grazing barley forage from lamb marking to weaning. A 10-ha paddock sown to barley was subdivided into eight plots as ... ...

Abstract	Our study aimed to investigate responses to supplementation of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) to lactating ewes and lambs grazing barley forage from lamb marking to weaning. A 10-ha paddock sown to barley was subdivided into eight plots as four replicates of two treatments. Merino ewes (n = 104) with lambs at foot were stratified to the eight plots (13 ewes and 21 lambs/plot) based on number of lambs (twin or single) and ewes' weight. Supplemented groups had access to mineral supplements (30 g/ewe/day) supplying 12 g/ewe/day ground limestone, 12 g/ewe/day Causmag® and 6 g/ewe/day coarse salt in a ratio of 2: 2: 1 by weight (as fed) from day 0 (a day before lamb marking) after sample collection. Control groups were not supplemented with minerals. Blood, milk and urine samples from ewes and blood from lambs were collected at different time points, namely, a day prior to lamb marking (day 0), 14 days after the commencement of study (day 14), and 28 days after the commencement of study (day 28). Weight of the lambs was also recorded at each time point. We found that the concentration of the forage minerals (Ca, Mg and potassium (K)) was lower on day 28 than on day 0 (P < 0.025). Liveweight gain was greater in the first 14 days compared with the second weight gain period (P < 0.001). The interaction of time and treatment was significant for liveweight (P < 0.001). Due to the improvement in weight gain of supplemented lambs, we recommend that mineral supplementation during late lactation is beneficial considering the low cost of minerals, even though the mineral content of the forage was not deficient.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Calcium ; Dietary Supplements ; Lactation/physiology ; Magnesium ; Minerals ; Sheep ; Sheep, Domestic ; Sodium ; Weight Gain
Chemical Substances	Calcium (SY7Q814VUP) ; Magnesium (I38ZP9992A) ; Minerals ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	41542-x
ISSN	1751-0813 ; 0005-0423
ISSN (online)	1751-0813
ISSN	0005-0423
DOI	10.1111/avj.13274
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Article ; Online: Evaluating the effect of calcium, magnesium and sodium supplementation of Merino ewes on their lambs' growth

Ataollahi, F / McGrath, S / Friend, M / Dutton, G / Peters, A. / Bhanugopan, M

Australian Veterinary Journal. 2023 Oct., v. 101, no. 10 p.391-396

2023

Abstract: Our study aimed to investigate responses to supplementation of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) to lactating ewes and lambs grazing barley forage from lamb marking to weaning. A 10‐ha paddock sown to barley was subdivided into eight plots as ... ...

Abstract	Our study aimed to investigate responses to supplementation of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) to lactating ewes and lambs grazing barley forage from lamb marking to weaning. A 10‐ha paddock sown to barley was subdivided into eight plots as four replicates of two treatments. Merino ewes (n = 104) with lambs at foot were stratified to the eight plots (13 ewes and 21 lambs/plot) based on number of lambs (twin or single) and ewes' weight. Supplemented groups had access to mineral supplements (30 g/ewe/day) supplying 12 g/ewe/day ground limestone, 12 g/ewe/day Causmag® and 6 g/ewe/day coarse salt in a ratio of 2: 2: 1 by weight (as fed) from day 0 (a day before lamb marking) after sample collection. Control groups were not supplemented with minerals. Blood, milk and urine samples from ewes and blood from lambs were collected at different time points, namely, a day prior to lamb marking (day 0), 14 days after the commencement of study (day 14), and 28 days after the commencement of study (day 28). Weight of the lambs was also recorded at each time point. We found that the concentration of the forage minerals (Ca, Mg and potassium (K)) was lower on day 28 than on day 0 (P < 0.025). Liveweight gain was greater in the first 14 days compared with the second weight gain period (P < 0.001). The interaction of time and treatment was significant for liveweight (P < 0.001). Due to the improvement in weight gain of supplemented lambs, we recommend that mineral supplementation during late lactation is beneficial considering the low cost of minerals, even though the mineral content of the forage was not deficient.
Keywords	Merino ; barley ; blood ; body weight ; calcium ; ewes ; forage ; late lactation ; limestone ; liveweight gain ; magnesium ; milk ; mineral content ; pastures ; potassium ; sodium ; urine ; weight gain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-10
Size	p. 391-396.
Publishing place	Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	41542-x
ISSN	1751-0813 ; 0005-0423
ISSN (online)	1751-0813
ISSN	0005-0423
DOI	10.1111/avj.13274
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Article: Sodium deficiency in lucerne (Medicago sativa) forage in southern Australia and the effect of sodium and barley supplementation on the growth rate of lambs grazing lucerne

Champness, M. R. / McCormick, J. I. / Bhanugopan, M. S. / McGrath, S. R.

Animal production science. 2021, v. 61, no. 11

2021

Abstract: Context Liveweight gains (LWGs) of lambs grazing lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in the mixed-farming zone of Australia commonly do not match predicted rates of growth. It has been suggested that this could be due to sodium (Na) deficiency or an imbalance ... ...

Abstract	Context Liveweight gains (LWGs) of lambs grazing lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in the mixed-farming zone of Australia commonly do not match predicted rates of growth. It has been suggested that this could be due to sodium (Na) deficiency or an imbalance in the crude protein:metabolisable energy ratio (CP:ME). Aims This research aimed to determine whether sodium concentration in lucerne is below requirements for growing lambs and whether supplementation with salt (NaCl) and/or barley grain would increase LWG of lambs grazing lucerne. Methods Pluck-samples were collected along a transect in 65 paddocks containing lucerne pasture in southern Australia. Herbage that most likely represented the animal diet was ‘plucked’, avoiding the less digestible plant parts. Two replicated grazing experiments using different cohorts of lambs compared LWG of unsupplemented lambs with lambs given supplements of salt and/or barley. Key results The survey of lucerne pastures found that Na concentrations were below published requirements (0.07 g Na/kg DM) for growing lambs in 85% of samples collected from dryland lucerne pastures, but were above lamb requirements in 95% of samples collected from lucerne pastures gown under spray irrigation, which suggests a degree of salinity in the irrigation water. Supplementation with salt or barley did not affect LWG of lambs in Experiment 1, and residual feed on-offer did not differ among treatments. Salt increased LWG by 14% in Experiment 2 (292 g/lamb.day vs 256 g/lamb.day in those without access to salt; P = 0.03), with a return on investment of 1220%. Supplementation with whole barley did not increase (P > 0.05) LWG of lambs grazing lucerne. Barley supplementation resulted in higher residual feed on-offer in Experiment 2, suggesting a substitution of barley for lucerne. Mean LWG in Experiment 1 (192 g/lamb.day) was lower than in Experiment 2 (274 g/lamb.day), suggesting that the lack of response to salt supplementation in Experiment 1 may have been due to lamb growth rates being restricted by other factors such as reduced leaf availability and diet quality. Conclusions and implications Results of the survey and grazing experiments confirm that Na concentration of dryland lucerne in southern Australia is commonly below lamb requirements. Producers should consider Na supplementation for lambs grazing dryland lucerne pastures as a way to increase lamb growth rates.
Keywords	Medicago sativa ; alfalfa ; arid lands ; barley ; body weight ; diet ; energy ; food quality ; forage ; irrigation water ; leaves ; pastures ; salinity ; sodium ; sprinkler irrigation ; surveys ; Australia
Language	English
Size	p. 1170-1180.
Publishing place	CSIRO Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2472524-9
ISSN	1836-5787 ; 1836-0939
ISSN (online)	1836-5787
ISSN	1836-0939
DOI	10.1071/AN19179
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Article ; Online: Survey on the occurrence of milk fever in dairy cows and the current preventive strategies adopted by farmers in New South Wales, Australia.

Bhanugopan, M S / Lievaart, J

Australian veterinary journal

2014 Volume 92, Issue 6, Page(s) 200–205

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate general and specific strategies adopted by New South Wales (NSW) farmers to prevent milk fever (MF) and its occurrence at calving within their dairy herds.: Design and methods: Of 300 dairy farmers ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate general and specific strategies adopted by New South Wales (NSW) farmers to prevent milk fever (MF) and its occurrence at calving within their dairy herds. Design and methods: Of 300 dairy farmers in NSW randomly chosen and sent questionnaires, descriptive analysis of the returned data was performed for 102 questionnaires. To identify the various strategies used to prevent MF and its incidence, farms were classified as having a low (<3%) or high (>3%) incidence of MF. The data were analysed using a multivariable logistic regression model and backwards stepwise elimination to identify significant preventive strategies adopted by farmers having a low or high incidence of MF. Results: Based on the 102 responses, the median incidence of MF in the NSW dairy region was 3% (range 0-30%). The farms with low MF incidence practised specific MF control strategies, such as feeding dry cows separately, grain supplementation and feeding a low-potassium ration before calving and using a commercial ration mix immediately after calving. The time to first milking post-calving was on average 13.6 h on the low-incidence farms compared with 21.1 h on the high-incidence farms. Conclusions: The low median incidence of MF (3%) in NSW was probably related in part to awareness of the importance of feeding a low-potassium, high-grain diet before calving. However, the incidence of MF was high on the farms not practising specific MF preventive methods.
MeSH term(s)	Animal Feed ; Animal Husbandry/methods ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases ; Dairying ; Diet/veterinary ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; New South Wales/epidemiology ; Parturient Paresis/epidemiology ; Parturient Paresis/prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	41542-x
ISSN	1751-0813 ; 0005-0423
ISSN (online)	1751-0813
ISSN	0005-0423
DOI	10.1111/avj.12183
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Article: Maternal supplementation of twin bearing ewes with calcium and magnesium alters immune status and weight gain of their lambs.

Ataollahi, Forough / Friend, Michael / McGrath, Shawn / Dutton, Geoff / Peters, Andrew / Bhanugopan, Marie

Veterinary and animal science

2020 Volume 9, Page(s) 100097

Abstract: This study investigated the effect of supplementation of ewes with calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in late gestation and early lactation on the plasma mineral concentration, hormone profile and immunity responses of ewes and their lambs. Twin bearing ... ...

Abstract	This study investigated the effect of supplementation of ewes with calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in late gestation and early lactation on the plasma mineral concentration, hormone profile and immunity responses of ewes and their lambs. Twin bearing ewes were allocated between four dietary treatment groups (
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2451-943X
ISSN	2451-943X
DOI	10.1016/j.vas.2020.100097
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Article: Survey on the occurrence of milk fever in dairy cows and the current preventive strategies adopted by farmers in New South Wales, Australia

Bhanugopan, MS / Lievaart, J

Australian veterinary journal. 2014 June, v. 92, no. 6

2014

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate general and specific strategies adopted by New South Wales (NSW) farmers to prevent milk fever (MF) and its occurrence at calving within their dairy herds. DESIGN AND METHODS: Of 300 dairy farmers in ... ...

Abstract	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate general and specific strategies adopted by New South Wales (NSW) farmers to prevent milk fever (MF) and its occurrence at calving within their dairy herds. DESIGN AND METHODS: Of 300 dairy farmers in NSW randomly chosen and sent questionnaires, descriptive analysis of the returned data was performed for 102 questionnaires. To identify the various strategies used to prevent MF and its incidence, farms were classified as having a low (<3%) or high (>3%) incidence of MF. The data were analysed using a multivariable logistic regression model and backwards stepwise elimination to identify significant preventive strategies adopted by farmers having a low or high incidence of MF. RESULTS: Based on the 102 responses, the median incidence of MF in the NSW dairy region was 3% (range 0–30%). The farms with low MF incidence practised specific MF control strategies, such as feeding dry cows separately, grain supplementation and feeding a low‐potassium ration before calving and using a commercial ration mix immediately after calving. The time to first milking post‐calving was on average 13.6 h on the low‐incidence farms compared with 21.1 h on the high‐incidence farms. CONCLUSIONS: The low median incidence of MF (3%) in NSW was probably related in part to awareness of the importance of feeding a low‐potassium, high‐grain diet before calving. However, the incidence of MF was high on the farms not practising specific MF preventive methods.
Keywords	calving ; dairy cows ; dairy herds ; diet ; farmers ; farms ; milk fever ; milking ; questionnaires ; regression analysis ; surveys ; New South Wales
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-06
Size	p. 200-205.
Publishing place	Australian Veterinary Association
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	41542-x
ISSN	1751-0813 ; 0005-0423
ISSN (online)	1751-0813
ISSN	0005-0423
DOI	10.1111/avj.12183
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Article: Effect of calcium and magnesium supplementation on minerals profile, immune responses, and energy profile of ewes and their lambs

Ataollahi, F. / Friend, M. / McGrath, S. / Dutton, G. / Peters, A. / Bhanugopan, M.

Livestock science

2018 Volume 217, Issue -, Page(s) 167

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2226176-X
ISSN	1871-1413
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: Utilising dual-purpose crops to produce prime lambs: comparison of White Dorper and Merino sheep on crops and pasture

McGrath, S. R. / Street, S. H. / Krebs, G. L. / Ataollahi, F. / Bhanugopan, M. S. / Friend, M. A.

Animal production science. 2021, v. 61, no. 11

2021

Abstract: Context Dual-purpose crops (for grazing and grain) are an important part of the feedbase in mixed farming systems in the medium-rainfall zone of southern Australia. On these farms, non-wool sheep breeds such as the Dorper may provide an opportunity to ... ...

Abstract	Context Dual-purpose crops (for grazing and grain) are an important part of the feedbase in mixed farming systems in the medium-rainfall zone of southern Australia. On these farms, non-wool sheep breeds such as the Dorper may provide an opportunity to increase lamb production while reducing labour costs compared with traditional sheep breeds. Aims This study was designed to compare lamb production systems based on White Dorper and Merino ewes joined to a terminal sire, while exploiting a feedbase that included dual-purpose crops. Methods Two experiments were conducted at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, during 2013 (Expt 1) and 2014 (Expt 2). In February in both experiments, White Dorper ewes were joined to either White Dorper or White Suffolk rams (lambs designated DD and WSD, respectively), and Merino ewes were joined to White Suffolk rams (lambs designated WSM). In Expt 1 a dual-purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop was established and the paddock subdivided into nine plots (0.93 ha each). Pregnant ewes were allocated to plots on the basis of genotype (DD, WSD or WSM grazing separate plots) after blocking for number of fetuses identified at mid-pregnancy scanning, with three replicates based on genotype. Lambing commenced on 28 June, and ewes grazed the crop from 27 June to 14 August and then continued to graze in the same groups on a lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)–clover (Trifolium spp.) pasture subdivided into nine plots (2.1 ha), maintaining the same replicates until weaning on 2 October. In Expt 2, the cropping paddock was subdivided into six plots (1.86 ha each) sown to either dual-purpose wheat or canola (Brassica napus L.), with three replicates. Lambing commenced on 13 July. Merino and White Dorper ewes grazed the crops concurrently from 19 June to 12 August, and then lucerne–clover pasture until weaning on 29 September. In both experiments a mineral supplement was fed to ewes grazing wheat during the crop-grazing period. Key results Feed on offer was low (0.33 t/ha) in dual-purpose wheat crops at the start of grazing in Expt 1 and did not differ among genotypes at the cessation of grazing crops. Feed on offer was higher in wheat than canola at the commencement of grazing in Expt 2 (2.6 vs 2.3 t/ha; P = 0.009), and a higher stocking rate was maintained on wheat than canola from the start of lambing. White Dorper ewes maintained a higher body condition score than Merino ewes throughout both experiments. In Expt 2, some ewes had serum magnesium and calcium levels below the normal range, and a high number of ewes (20%) required assistance at lambing. Number of lambs weaned per ewe scanned pregnant was similar among genotypes in both experiments. WSD lambs were heaviest (P < 0.05) at weaning and DD lambs had greatest (P < 0.05) fat depth over the eye muscle at weaning. Conclusions and implications When grazed on a feedbase typical of mixed farms in the medium-rainfall zone of southern NSW, White Dorper ewes were in higher body condition than Merino ewes; however, reproductive rates were similar. Joining White Dorper ewes to a terminal sire may increase weaning weight of lambs compared with joining to a White Dorper ram, or a Merino maternal system.
Keywords	Brassica napus ; Dorper ; Medicago sativa ; Merino ; Trifolium ; Triticum aestivum ; alfalfa ; animal production ; blood serum ; body condition ; calcium ; canola ; ewes ; eyes ; genotype ; labor ; magnesium ; muscles ; pastures ; rams ; sires ; wheat
Language	English
Size	p. 1089-1103.
Publishing place	CSIRO Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2472524-9
ISSN	1836-5787 ; 1836-0939
ISSN (online)	1836-5787
ISSN	1836-0939
DOI	10.1071/AN19139
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Vitamin D deficiency remains prevalent despite increased laboratory testing in New South Wales, Australia.

Quaggiotto, Paul / Tran, Huy / Bhanugopan, Marie

Singapore medical journal

2014 Volume 55, Issue 5, Page(s) 271–280

Abstract: Introduction: The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and toxicity, the frequency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) testing, and 25(OH)D variations with respect to patient gender, patient age and season in New ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and toxicity, the frequency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) testing, and 25(OH)D variations with respect to patient gender, patient age and season in New South Wales, Australia. Methods: A retrospective analysis of pathology records was performed to ascertain patient age, patient gender, sample collection date, plasma or serum 25(OH)D levels, calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and test numbers between 2001 and 2010. Linear regression with Bonferroni correction was used to calculate and compare age-adjusted mean 25(OH)D levels. Relationships of 25(OH)D with PTH and calcium were tested using Spearman's rank correlation. Results: 25(OH)D testing increased by 730% over the ten-year study period. In 2010, many men (33%) and women (40%) were, to some degree, vitamin D deficient (≤ 50 nmol/L). Vitamin D toxicity was rare, with only one instance noted. 25(OH)D levels correlated positively with calcium and negatively with PTH levels. 25(OH)D levels decreased with age. In 2010, 25(OH)D levels were highest in February and lowest in September/October. Cyclical variation was observed for 25(OH)D levels between 2006 and 2010. Conclusion: We found that vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in both men and women, with a higher prevalence in the latter, despite the substantial increased demand for 25(OH)D testing in our population over the decade. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with elevated PTH levels. Vitamin D toxicity was rare and only observed once during our study period. 25(OH)D levels decreased with age and varied with season, with the highest levels observed in late summer and the lowest in early spring.
MeSH term(s)	Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Medical Records ; New South Wales ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; Sex Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitamin D/toxicity ; Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Parathyroid Hormone ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-07-16
Publishing country	Singapore
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604319-7
ISSN	0037-5675
ISSN	0037-5675
DOI	10.11622/smedj.2014071
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Article: Effect of dietary magnesium supplementation in alleviating stress associated with road transportation in weaned lambs

Pye, J. L / Doyle, R. E / Friend, M. A / Bhanugopan, M. S

Animal production science. 2015, v. 55, no. 2

2015

Abstract: Magnesium (Mg) supplementation has shown to modulate the stress responses to transport in other species. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of Mg for alleviating stress associated with road transportation in lambs. Two groups (n = 18 each) ...

Abstract	Magnesium (Mg) supplementation has shown to modulate the stress responses to transport in other species. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of Mg for alleviating stress associated with road transportation in lambs. Two groups (n = 18 each) of 4-month old male crossbred lambs (24 ± 4.5 kg) were fed a basal diet comprising oaten hay, pellets and barley, that contained 0.17% Mg. One group was supplemented with magnesium oxide, such that dietary Mg was 0.41%. At the end of the 2-week supplementation period, the lambs were transported by road for 8 h. Blood samples were collected before supplementation, 1 h before transport, within 0.5 h post-transport, at 2 h post-transport and 5 days post-transport. Data were analysed using a repeated-measure analysis of variance and linear mixed model with treatment within time interaction. Supplementation with dietary Mg in the form of MgO increased serum Mg concentrations (1.16 mmol/L ± 0.012, compared with 1.09 mmol/L ± 0.013 in the control group; P < 0.05), but had no effect on alleviating stress during transportation. Transport resulted in a significant increase in serum cortisol, which returned to pre-transport levels 2 h after transport. The serum β-hydroxybutyrate was significantly higher 5 days after transport. The post-transport average feed intake and the average daily gain were significantly lower than pre-transport values, suggesting that the stress of transportation resulted in a decrease in feed intake post-transport, which could have implications on liveweight gain of animals after transportation.
Keywords	3-hydroxybutyric acid ; analysis of variance ; average daily gain ; barley ; blood serum ; cortisol ; crossbreds ; dietary supplements ; feed intake ; hay ; lambs ; magnesium ; magnesium oxide ; pellets ; statistical models ; stress response ; transportation
Language	English
Size	p. 219-224.
Publishing place	CSIRO Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2472524-9
ISSN	1836-5787 ; 1836-0939
ISSN (online)	1836-5787
ISSN	1836-0939
DOI	10.1071/AN14288
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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