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  1. Article ; Online: Soil warming increases the number of growing bacterial taxa but not their growth rates.

    Metze, Dennis / Schnecker, Jörg / de Carlan, Coline Le Noir / Bhattarai, Biplabi / Verbruggen, Erik / Ostonen, Ivika / Janssens, Ivan A / Sigurdsson, Bjarni D / Hausmann, Bela / Kaiser, Christina / Richter, Andreas

    Science advances

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 8, Page(s) eadk6295

    Abstract: Soil microorganisms control the fate of soil organic carbon. Warming may accelerate their activities putting large carbon stocks at risk of decomposition. Existing knowledge about microbial responses to warming is based on community-level measurements, ... ...

    Abstract Soil microorganisms control the fate of soil organic carbon. Warming may accelerate their activities putting large carbon stocks at risk of decomposition. Existing knowledge about microbial responses to warming is based on community-level measurements, leaving the underlying mechanisms unexplored and hindering predictions. In a long-term soil warming experiment in a Subarctic grassland, we investigated how active populations of bacteria and archaea responded to elevated soil temperatures (+6°C) and the influence of plant roots, by measuring taxon-specific growth rates using quantitative stable isotope probing and
    MeSH term(s) Soil ; Carbon ; Soil Microbiology ; Bacteria ; Archaea
    Chemical Substances Soil ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2810933-8
    ISSN 2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
    ISSN (online) 2375-2548
    ISSN 2375-2548
    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.adk6295
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  2. Article ; Online: Microorganisms in subarctic soils are depleted of ribosomes under short-, medium-, and long-term warming.

    Söllinger, Andrea / Ahlers, Laureen S / Dahl, Mathilde Borg / Sigurðsson, Páll / de Carlan, Coline Le Noir / Bhattarai, Biplabi / Gall, Christoph / Martin, Victoria S / Rottensteiner, Cornelia / Motleleng, Liabo L / Breines, Eva Marie / Verbruggen, Erik / Ostonen, Ivika / Sigurdsson, Bjarni D / Richter, Andreas / Tveit, Alexander T

    The ISME journal

    2024  

    Abstract: Physiological responses of soil microorganisms to global warming are important for soil ecosystem function and the terrestrial carbon cycle. Here, we investigate the effects of weeks, years, and decades of soil warming across seasons and time on the ... ...

    Abstract Physiological responses of soil microorganisms to global warming are important for soil ecosystem function and the terrestrial carbon cycle. Here, we investigate the effects of weeks, years, and decades of soil warming across seasons and time on the microbial protein biosynthesis machineries (i.e. ribosomes), the most abundant cellular macromolecular complexes, using RNA:DNA and RNA:MBC (microbial biomass carbon) ratios as proxies for cellular ribosome contents. We compared warmed soils and non-warmed controls of 15 replicated subarctic grassland and forest soil temperature gradients subject to natural geothermal warming. RNA:DNA ratios tended to be lower in the warmed soils during summer and autumn, independent of warming duration (6 weeks, 8-14 years, > 50 years), warming intensity (+3°C, +6°C, +9°C), and ecosystem type. With increasing temperatures RNA:MBC ratios were also decreasing. Additionally, seasonal RNA:DNA ratios of the consecutively sampled forest showed the same temperature-driven pattern. This suggests that subarctic soil microorganisms are depleted of ribosomes under warm conditions and the lack of consistent relationships with other physicochemical parameters besides temperature further suggests temperature as key driver. Furthermore, in incubation experiments, we measured significantly higher CO2 emission rates per unit of RNA from short- and long-term warmed soils compared to non-warmed controls. In conclusion, ribosome reduction may represent a widespread microbial physiological response to warming that offers a selective advantage at higher temperatures, as energy and matter can be reallocated from ribosome synthesis to other processes including substrate uptake and turnover. This way, ribosome reduction could have a substantial effect on soil carbon dynamics.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2406536-5
    ISSN 1751-7370 ; 1751-7362
    ISSN (online) 1751-7370
    ISSN 1751-7362
    DOI 10.1093/ismejo/wrae081
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  3. Article ; Online: Soil warming duration and magnitude affect the dynamics of fine roots and rhizomes and associated C and N pools in subarctic grasslands.

    Bhattarai, Biplabi / Sigurdsson, Bjarni D / Sigurdsson, Páll / Leblans, Niki / Janssens, Ivan / Meynzer, Wendelien / Devarajan, Arun Kumar / Truu, Jaak / Truu, Marika / Ostonen, Ivika

    Annals of botany

    2023  Volume 132, Issue 2, Page(s) 269–279

    Abstract: Background and aims: The response of subarctic grassland's below-ground to soil warming is key to understanding this ecosystem's adaptation to future climate. Functionally different below-ground plant organs can respond differently to changes in soil ... ...

    Abstract Background and aims: The response of subarctic grassland's below-ground to soil warming is key to understanding this ecosystem's adaptation to future climate. Functionally different below-ground plant organs can respond differently to changes in soil temperature (Ts). We aimed to understand the below-ground adaptation mechanisms by analysing the dynamics and chemistry of fine roots and rhizomes in relation to plant community composition and soil chemistry, along with the duration and magnitude of soil warming.
    Methods: We investigated the effects of the duration [medium-term warming (MTW; 11 years) and long-term warming (LTW; > 60 years)] and magnitude (0-8.4 °C) of soil warming on below-ground plant biomass (BPB), fine root biomass (FRB) and rhizome biomass (RHB) in geothermally warmed subarctic grasslands. We evaluated the changes in BPB, FRB and RHB and the corresponding carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools in the context of ambient, Ts < +2 °C and Ts > +2 °C scenarios.
    Key results: BPB decreased exponentially in response to an increase in Ts under MTW, whereas FRB declined under both MTW and LTW. The proportion of rhizomes increased and the C-N ratio in rhizomes decreased under LTW. The C and N pools in BPB in highly warmed plots under MTW were 50 % less than in the ambient plots, whereas under LTW, C and N pools in warmed plots were similar to those in non-warmed plots. Approximately 78 % of the variation in FRB, RHB, and C and N concentration and pools in fine roots and rhizomes was explained by the duration and magnitude of soil warming, soil chemistry, plant community functional composition, and above-ground biomass. Plant's below-ground biomass, chemistry and pools were related to a shift in the grassland's plant community composition - the abundance of ferns increased and BPB decreased towards higher Ts under MTW, while the recovery of below-ground C and N pools under LTW was related to a higher plant diversity.
    Conclusion: Our results indicate that plant community-level adaptation of below ground to soil warming occurs over long periods. We provide insight into the potential adaptation phases of subarctic grasslands.
    MeSH term(s) Soil/chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Grassland ; Rhizome ; Biomass ; Plants
    Chemical Substances Soil
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1461328-1
    ISSN 1095-8290 ; 0305-7364
    ISSN (online) 1095-8290
    ISSN 0305-7364
    DOI 10.1093/aob/mcad102
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  4. Article ; Online: Effects of air humidity and soil moisture on secondary metabolites in the leaves and roots of Betula pendula of different competitive status.

    Kharel, Bikash / Rusalepp, Linda / Bhattarai, Biplabi / Kaasik, Ants / Kupper, Priit / Lutter, Reimo / Mänd, Pille / Rohula-Okunev, Gristin / Rosenvald, Katrin / Tullus, Arvo

    Oecologia

    2023  Volume 202, Issue 2, Page(s) 193–210

    Abstract: Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) defend plants against abiotic stresses, including those caused by climate change and against biotic stresses, such as herbivory and competition. There is a trade-off between allocating available carbon to growth and ... ...

    Abstract Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) defend plants against abiotic stresses, including those caused by climate change and against biotic stresses, such as herbivory and competition. There is a trade-off between allocating available carbon to growth and defence in stressful environments. However, our knowledge about trade-off is limited, especially when abiotic and biotic stresses co-occur. We aimed to understand the combined effect of increasing precipitation and humidity, the tree's competitive status, and canopy position on leaf secondary metabolites (LSMs) and fine root secondary metabolites (RSMs) in Betula pendula. We sampled 8-year-old B. pendula trees growing in the free air humidity manipulation (FAHM) experimental site, where treatments included elevated relative air humidity and elevated soil moisture. A high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer (HPLC-qTOF-MS) was used to analyse secondary metabolites. Our results showed accumulation of LSM depends on the canopy position and competitive status. Flavonoids (FLA), dihydroxybenzoic acids (HBA), jasmonates (JA) and terpene glucosides (TG) were higher in the upper canopy, and FLA, monoaryl compounds (MAR) and sesquiterpenoids (ST) were higher in dominant trees. The FAHM treatments had a more distinct effect on RSM than on LSM. The RSMs were lower in elevated air humidity and soil moisture conditions than in control conditions. The RSM content depended on the competitive status and was higher in suppressed trees. Our study suggests that young B. pendula will allocate similar amounts of carbon to constitutive chemical leaf defence, but a lower amount to root defence (per fine root biomass) under higher humidity.
    MeSH term(s) Humidity ; Soil ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Betula/metabolism ; Trees ; Carbon/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Soil ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-29
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 123369-5
    ISSN 1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
    ISSN (online) 1432-1939
    ISSN 0029-8549
    DOI 10.1007/s00442-023-05388-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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