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Article ; Online: The Need to Rethink Harm Reduction for People Using Drugs Alone to Reduce Overdose Fatalities.

Deo, Vaishali S / Bhullar, Manreet K / Gilson, Thomas P / Flannery, Daniel J / Fulton, Sarah E

2024 Volume 59, Issue 3, Page(s) 450–458

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Background
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Fentanyl ; Harm Reduction ; Drug Overdose/epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Naloxone/therapeutic use ; Analgesics, Opioid
Chemical Substances	Fentanyl (UF599785JZ) ; Naloxone (36B82AMQ7N) ; Analgesics, Opioid
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1310358-1
ISSN	1532-2491 ; 1082-6084
ISSN (online)	1532-2491
ISSN	1082-6084
DOI	10.1080/10826084.2023.2280534
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Trends in opioid overdose fatalities in Cuyahoga County, Ohio: Multi-drug mixtures, the African-American community and carfentanil.

Bhullar, Manreet K / Gilson, Thomas P / Singer, Mendel E

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

2022 Volume 4, Page(s) 100069

Abstract: Background: Ohio's age-adjusted opioid overdose fatality rate is double the national average. In an ever-evolving epidemic, it is crucial to monitor trends to inform public health interventions.: Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using the ...

Abstract	Background: Ohio's age-adjusted opioid overdose fatality rate is double the national average. In an ever-evolving epidemic, it is crucial to monitor trends to inform public health interventions. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using the Medical Examiner's decedent case files for all accidental opioid-related adult overdose deaths in Cuyahoga County (Cleveland), Ohio in 2017. Characterization of trends was based on autopsy/toxicology and first responder reports, medical records and death scene investigations. Results: Of 543 accidental opioid-related adult overdose fatalities, 64.1% died from 3+ drugs. The most common cause of death (COD) drugs included fentanyl (63.4%), heroin (44.4%), cocaine (37.0%) and carfentanil (35.0%). There were four times as many African American decedents as two years prior. Three or more COD drugs was >50% more common in those with fentanyl (Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 1.56[1.34-1.70]; Conclusions: Accidental opioid-related overdose fatalities in Cuyahoga County adults were dominated by 3+ COD drugs, with cocaine/fentanyl mixtures driving sharp increases in African American fatalities. Carfentanil was more prevalent in people fitting the profile of recreational drug use. This data can inform harm reduction interventions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-15
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2772-7246
ISSN (online)	2772-7246
DOI	10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100069
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Article ; Online: Protocol for Evaluating the Microbial Inactivation of Commercial UV Devices on Plastic Surfaces.

Haley, Olivia C / Zhao, Yeqi / Bhullar, Manreet

Methods and protocols

2022 Volume 5, Issue 4

Abstract: With the plethora of commercially available UV-C devices exhibiting different intensity and lifespans, it is critical to consumer safety that companies verify and clearly communicate the efficacy of their devices as per the intended use. The purpose of ... ...

Abstract	With the plethora of commercially available UV-C devices exhibiting different intensity and lifespans, it is critical to consumer safety that companies verify and clearly communicate the efficacy of their devices as per the intended use. The purpose of this study was to define a low-cost protocol for investigating the antimicrobial efficacy of commercial UV devices for industry use. The tested devices included: a wall-mounted unit (Device A), a troffer unit (Device B), and an induction lamp unit (Device C). The devices were installed within an enclosed tower to prevent the transmission of UV-C radiation outside of the testing area. The procedure details determining the devices' antimicrobial efficacy using plastic coupons inoculated with
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2409-9279
ISSN (online)	2409-9279
DOI	10.3390/mps5040065
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Article ; Online: The Public Health Role of Medical Examiner Offices During COVID-19 and Other Mass Fatality Events.

Bhullar, Manreet K / Gilson, Thomas P / Lee, Junghyae

The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology

2022 Volume 43, Issue 2, Page(s) 101–104

Abstract: Abstract: The public health role of a medical examiner office (MEO) in a pandemic is largely undefined; however, death data may be useful in strategic planning. Deaths reportable to MEO are defined in statute, with discretion as to the assumption of ... ...

Abstract	Abstract: The public health role of a medical examiner office (MEO) in a pandemic is largely undefined; however, death data may be useful in strategic planning. Deaths reportable to MEO are defined in statute, with discretion as to the assumption of jurisdiction. We analyzed the daily reported death numbers (DRDNs) in our jurisdiction from March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021, and compared them with hospital admission and COVID-19 fatality data over the same period. The DRDN from an MEO is easily obtained and may be useful as a supplemental and surrogate metric in certain pandemic mass casualty decisions. Hospital admission data were analyzed in real time and with a 2-week time-shift, as deaths lag hospital admissions as a disease surveillance metric. Moderate correlation was observed between DRDN and hospital admissions (r = 0.570), and this improved to strong correlation (0.645) when the 2-week time-shift was incorporated into the analysis. Both evaluations were statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The DRDN also moderately correlated (r = 0.412) with the number of COVID-19 deaths. Because death certification and hospital diagnosis may be delayed, real-time trend recognition in a pandemic may benefit from use of DRDN from MEO.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Coroners and Medical Examiners ; Humans ; Mass Casualty Incidents ; Public Health ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604537-6
ISSN	1533-404X ; 0195-7910
ISSN (online)	1533-404X
ISSN	0195-7910
DOI	10.1097/PAF.0000000000000749
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Article ; Online: Letter to the Editor.

Bhullar, Manreet / Gilson, Thomas

Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)

2020 Volume 135, Issue 4, Page(s) 540–541

MeSH term(s)	Analgesics, Opioid ; Drug Overdose ; Humans ; Massachusetts
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	120953-x
ISSN	1468-2877 ; 0033-3549
ISSN (online)	1468-2877
ISSN	0033-3549
DOI	10.1177/0033354920935065
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Article ; Online: The Attenuation of Microbial Reduction in Blueberry Fruit Following UV-LED Treatment

Haley, Olivia C. / Pliakoni, Eleni D. / Rivard, Cary / Nwadike, Londa / Bhullar, Manreet

Journal of Food Protection. 2023 Mar., v. 86, no. 3 p.100056-

2023

Abstract: Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation is a well-recognized technology for improving blueberry postharvest quality, and previous literature indicates that it has the potential for dual-use as an antimicrobial intervention for this industry. However, the ... ...

Abstract	Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation is a well-recognized technology for improving blueberry postharvest quality, and previous literature indicates that it has the potential for dual-use as an antimicrobial intervention for this industry. However, the practicality and feasibility of deploying this technology in fresh blueberry fruit are significantly hindered by the shadowing effect occurring at the blossom-end scar of the fruit. The purpose of this study was to determine if treating the blueberry fruit within a chamber fitted with UV-Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) emitting a peak UV-C at 275 nm could minimize this shadowing and result in improved treatment efficacy. Ten blueberry fruits were dip-inoculated with E. coli at a concentration of 10⁵ CFU/mL and irradiated within the system at doses of 0, 1.617, 3.234, 9.702, and 16.17 mJ/cm² (0, 30, 60, 180, and 300 s). Statistical analysis was performed to characterize the extent of microbial survival as well as the UV-C inactivation kinetics. A maximum of 0.91-0.95 log reduction was observed, which attenuated after 60 s of treatment. The microbial inactivation and survival were thus modeled using the Geeraerd-tail model in Microsoft Excel with the GInaFIt add-in (RMSE = 0.2862). Temperatures fluctuated between 23 ± 0.5°C and 39.5°C ± 0.5°C during treatment but did not statistically impact the treatment efficacy (P = 0.0823). The data indicate that the design of a UV-LED system may improve the antimicrobial efficacy of UV-C technology for the surface decontamination of irregularly shaped fruits, and that further optimization could facilitate its use in the industry.
Keywords	Escherichia coli ; antimicrobial properties ; blueberries ; computer software ; decontamination ; food safety ; fruits ; industry ; irradiation ; models ; pathogen survival ; statistical analysis ; storage quality ; ultraviolet radiation ; 275 nm ; Blueberry ; Ultraviolet light ; UV-C ; UV-LED
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	243284-5
ISSN	1944-9097 ; 0362-028X
ISSN (online)	1944-9097
ISSN	0362-028X
DOI	10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100056
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Mindful awareness and resilience skills for adolescents (MARS-A): a mixed-methods study of a mindfulness-based intervention for a heterogeneous adolescent clinical population.

Vo, Dzung X / Tabi, Katarina / Bhullar, Manreet / Johnson, Andrea / Locke, Jake / Wang, Sophia / Stewart, S Evelyn / Marshall, Sheila K

International journal of adolescent medicine and health

2024 Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 25–35

Abstract: Objectives: Mindful Awareness and Resilience Skills for Adolescents (MARS-A) is a mindfulness-based intervention adapted for the adolescent population. While previous studies have explored the benefits of MARS-A in various single-diagnosis populations, ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Mindful Awareness and Resilience Skills for Adolescents (MARS-A) is a mindfulness-based intervention adapted for the adolescent population. While previous studies have explored the benefits of MARS-A in various single-diagnosis populations, the aim of this study was to assess MARS-A for a heterogenous clinical adolescent population with mental health and/or chronic diagnoses, focusing on the underlying suffering present in all these conditions rather than its effects on a single diagnosis itself. Methods: Qualitative data was collected through interviews to understand post-intervention participant perspectives and experiences. Quantitative data was collected through measures to investigate preliminary secondary outcomes. Results: After participating in MARS-A, participants reported qualitative benefits in enhanced well-being, including coping with difficult emotions and managing sleep and/or pain. Quantitative results showed a reduction in functional disability, psychological distress, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms; increase in positive affect; and benefit in coping with pain and chronic conditions. Conclusions: MARS-A shows great potential in a heterogeneous clinical adolescent population.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Resilience, Psychological ; Mindfulness/methods ; Emotions ; Coping Skills ; Pain
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639287-8
ISSN	2191-0278 ; 0334-0139
ISSN (online)	2191-0278
ISSN	0334-0139
DOI	10.1515/ijamh-2023-0112
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Article ; Online: Commentary on: Weedn VW, Zaney ME, McCord B, Lurie I, Baker A. Fentanyl-related substance scheduling as an effective drug control strategy. J Forensic Sci. 2021;66(4):1186-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14712.

Bhullar, Manreet K / Gilson, Thomas P / Boggs, Paul D

Journal of forensic sciences

2021 Volume 67, Issue 2, Page(s) 832

MeSH term(s)	Bias ; Drug and Narcotic Control ; Fentanyl ; Forensic Pathology
Chemical Substances	Fentanyl (UF599785JZ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	219216-0
ISSN	1556-4029 ; 0022-1198
ISSN (online)	1556-4029
ISSN	0022-1198
DOI	10.1111/1556-4029.14959
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Article ; Online: A case study for local data surveillance in opioid overdose fatalities in Cuyahoga County, OH 2016-2020.

Noriega, Ivette / Bhullar, Manreet K / Gilson, Thomas P / Flannery, Daniel J / Deo, Vaishali / Fulton, Sarah

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

2023 Volume 8, Page(s) 100187

Abstract: Introduction: Fentanyl and fentanyl analogs have increased the overdose mortality rates in the United States, significantly impacting states like Ohio. We examined carfentanil overdose deaths, other contributing Cause of Death (COD) drugs, and drug ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Fentanyl and fentanyl analogs have increased the overdose mortality rates in the United States, significantly impacting states like Ohio. We examined carfentanil overdose deaths, other contributing Cause of Death (COD) drugs, and drug seizure trends from 2016 to 2020 in Northeast Ohio. Materials and methods: We studied death investigation data from the Cuyahoga County, Ohio Medical Examiner's Office (CCMEO) of all fatal accidental opioid overdoses as well as drug seizure data from Cuyahoga County Regional Forensic Science Laboratory (CCRFSL). We also compared decedents' race, gender, age, residential locality, drugs contributing to the COD in opioid cases, and for carfentanil, fentanyl, and cocaine seizures in Cuyahoga County from 2016 to 2020 ( Results: Decedents' had an average of three different drugs contributing to their COD. A bimodal carfentanil spike was observed in fatal accidental overdoses in Cuyahoga County for the years 2017 and 2019. Decedents in urban residency, who were Non-Hispanic, White and younger, significantly predicted the presence of carfentanil contributing to the COD. In 2020, decedents who were Black and older were significantly associated with cocaine contributing to the COD. Carfentanil and carfentanil-related overdoses were significantly correlated. Discussion: The pervasiveness of illicitly manufactured fentanyl and fentanyl analog (e.g., carfentanil) mixtures with other drugs are changing the demographics of persons who fatally overdose in Cuyahoga County, OH. Significant trending shifts can also be observed for the presence of carfentanil in decedent and seizure county data. Conclusions: Local data of drug-related overdose deaths and drug seizures from a medical examiner's office and affiliated forensic laboratory lab can be used for timely public health surveillance, and informing prevention, and intervention at the county level.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2772-7246
ISSN (online)	2772-7246
DOI	10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100187
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Article ; Online: The Attenuation of Microbial Reduction in Blueberry Fruit Following UV-LED Treatment.

Haley, Olivia C / Pliakoni, Eleni D / Rivard, Cary / Nwadike, Londa / Bhullar, Manreet

Journal of food protection

2023 Volume 86, Issue 3, Page(s) 100056

Abstract	Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation is a well-recognized technology for improving blueberry postharvest quality, and previous literature indicates that it has the potential for dual-use as an antimicrobial intervention for this industry. However, the practicality and feasibility of deploying this technology in fresh blueberry fruit are significantly hindered by the shadowing effect occurring at the blossom-end scar of the fruit. The purpose of this study was to determine if treating the blueberry fruit within a chamber fitted with UV-Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) emitting a peak UV-C at 275 nm could minimize this shadowing and result in improved treatment efficacy. Ten blueberry fruits were dip-inoculated with E. coli at a concentration of 10
MeSH term(s)	Fruit ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Blueberry Plants ; Escherichia coli O157 ; Microbial Viability/radiation effects ; Ultraviolet Rays
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	243284-5
ISSN	1944-9097 ; 0362-028X
ISSN (online)	1944-9097
ISSN	0362-028X
DOI	10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100056
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