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  1. Article: Eubacterium coprostanoligenes and Methanoculleus identified as potential producers of metabolites that contribute to swine manure foaming

    Strom, Noah / Ma, Yiwei / Bi, Zheting / Andersen, Daniel / Trabue, Steve / Chen, Chi / Hu, Bo

    Journal of applied microbiology. 2022 Apr., v. 132, no. 4

    2022  

    Abstract: AIM: Swine manure foaming is a major problem, causing damage to property, livestock, and people. Here, we identified the main chemicals and microbes that contribute to foaming. METHODS AND RESULTS: Foaming and non‐foaming swine manure were sampled from ... ...

    Abstract AIM: Swine manure foaming is a major problem, causing damage to property, livestock, and people. Here, we identified the main chemicals and microbes that contribute to foaming. METHODS AND RESULTS: Foaming and non‐foaming swine manure were sampled from farms in Iowa and Illinois. Targeted and untargeted metabolomics analyses identified chemical markers that differed between foaming and non‐foaming manure and between manure layers. Microbial community analysis and metagenomics were performed on a subset of samples. Foam contained significantly higher levels of total bile acids and long chain fatty acids like palmitic, stearic and oleic acid than the other manure layers. Foam layers also had significantly higher levels of ubiquinone 9 and ubiquinone 10. The slurry layer of foaming samples contained more alanine, isoleucine/leucine, diacylglycerols (DG), phosphtatidylethanolamines, and vitamin K2, while ceramide was significantly increased in the slurry layer of non‐foaming samples. Eubacterium coprostanoligenes and Methanoculleus were more abundant in foaming samples, and E. coprostanoligenes was significantly correlated with levels of DG. Genes involved in diacylglycerol biosynthesis and in the biosynthesis of branched‐chain hydrophobic amino acids were overrepresented in foaming samples. CONCLUSIONS: A mechanism for manure foaming is hypothesized in which proliferation of Methanoculleus leads to excessive production of methane, while production of DG by E. coprostanoligenes and hydrophobic proteins by Methanosphaera stadtmanae facilitates bubble formation and stabilization. Significance and impact of study: While some chemical and biological treatments have been developed to treat swine manure foaming, its causes remain unknown. We identified key microbes and metabolites that correlate with foaming and point to possible roles of other factors like animal feed.
    Keywords Methanoculleus ; alanine ; bile ; biosynthesis ; ceramides ; coenzyme Q10 ; diacylglycerols ; feeds ; foams ; hydrophobicity ; isoleucine ; leucine ; livestock ; menaquinones ; metabolites ; metabolomics ; metagenomics ; methane ; microbial communities ; oleic acid ; pig manure ; slurries ; Illinois ; Iowa
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-04
    Size p. 2906-2924.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1358023-1
    ISSN 1365-2672 ; 1364-5072
    ISSN (online) 1365-2672
    ISSN 1364-5072
    DOI 10.1111/jam.15384
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 259: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  2. Article ; Online: p

    Zhou, Yuyin / Bi, Zheting / Hamilton, Matthew J / Zhang, Li / Su, Rui / Sadowsky, Michael J / Roy, Sabita / Khoruts, Alexander / Chen, Chi

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 19

    Abstract: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a highly effective therapy for ... ...

    Abstract Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a highly effective therapy for recurrent
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods ; Vancomycin ; Clostridioides difficile ; Treatment Outcome ; Feces/chemistry ; Clostridium Infections/therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Recurrence
    Chemical Substances 4-cresol sulfate (56M34ZQY1S) ; Vancomycin (6Q205EH1VU) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms241914621
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Phospholipid transesterification in sub-/super-critical methanol with the presence of free fatty acids

    Bi, Zheting / He, B. Brian

    Fuel. 2016 Feb. 15, v. 166

    2016  

    Abstract: Phospholipids and free fatty acids (FFA), along with triglycerides, are naturally formed constituents in unrefined vegetable oils and other plant lipids. Presence of phospholipids and FFA in such oils can cause processing difficulties, such as ... ...

    Abstract Phospholipids and free fatty acids (FFA), along with triglycerides, are naturally formed constituents in unrefined vegetable oils and other plant lipids. Presence of phospholipids and FFA in such oils can cause processing difficulties, such as saponification and decrease in catalytic efficiency, thus lead to an adverse process efficiency in the transesterification of such oils for biodiesel production. This phenomenon was also observed in our previous study on converting microalgal lipids to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) via in situ transesterification. This study aimed at further exploring the transesterification of phospholipids and investigating the effects of FFA presence and other processing conditions in biodiesel production from plant oils in sub- and/or super-critical methanol (SubCM/SCM). Experiments were carried out in a batch reactor in SubCM/SCM under various conditions without addition of catalysts. Pure chemicals of lecithin and stearic acid were used as the model compounds for phospholipids and FFA, respectively. The product yield (FAME in mol%) of the phospholipids after transesterification, as affected by the presence of FFA under different conditions, was selected as the respond factor to determine the process efficiency. Experimental results showed that phospholipids can be converted into FAME in such a process. Transesterification of phospholipids is largely affected by the interactive effect of operating temperature and reaction time. The increase in product yield is proportional to the increases in temperature and/or reaction time. The maximum product yield of 68.1 mol% was achieved at 250 °C and 120 min without the presence of FFA. The product yield started to level off once the system reached the SCM state. When temperature was held at 290 °C for 30 min, the product yield dropped to 33.6 mol%. Another phenomenon observed is that the presence of FFA enhances considerably the lipid conversion. The study revealed that phospholipids can be converted to FAME with a highest product yield of 93.9 mol% at 250 °C for 120 min in SCM without catalysts and with the presence of FFA. However, the FFA enhancement became less significant when the system was operated for a longer period of time than 120 min.
    Keywords batch systems ; biodiesel ; catalytic activity ; lecithins ; methanol ; microalgae ; saponification ; stearic acid ; temperature ; transesterification ; vegetables
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-0215
    Size p. 461-466.
    Publishing place Elsevier BV
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0016-2361
    DOI 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.11.009
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  4. Article ; Online: Eubacterium coprostanoligenes and Methanoculleus identified as potential producers of metabolites that contribute to swine manure foaming.

    Strom, Noah / Ma, Yiwei / Bi, Zheting / Andersen, Daniel / Trabue, Steve / Chen, Chi / Hu, Bo

    Journal of applied microbiology

    2021  Volume 132, Issue 4, Page(s) 2906–2924

    Abstract: Aim: Swine manure foaming is a major problem, causing damage to property, livestock, and people. Here, we identified the main chemicals and microbes that contribute to foaming.: Methods and results: Foaming and non-foaming swine manure were sampled ... ...

    Abstract Aim: Swine manure foaming is a major problem, causing damage to property, livestock, and people. Here, we identified the main chemicals and microbes that contribute to foaming.
    Methods and results: Foaming and non-foaming swine manure were sampled from farms in Iowa and Illinois. Targeted and untargeted metabolomics analyses identified chemical markers that differed between foaming and non-foaming manure and between manure layers. Microbial community analysis and metagenomics were performed on a subset of samples. Foam contained significantly higher levels of total bile acids and long chain fatty acids like palmitic, stearic and oleic acid than the other manure layers. Foam layers also had significantly higher levels of ubiquinone 9 and ubiquinone 10. The slurry layer of foaming samples contained more alanine, isoleucine/leucine, diacylglycerols (DG), phosphtatidylethanolamines, and vitamin K2, while ceramide was significantly increased in the slurry layer of non-foaming samples. Eubacterium coprostanoligenes and Methanoculleus were more abundant in foaming samples, and E. coprostanoligenes was significantly correlated with levels of DG. Genes involved in diacylglycerol biosynthesis and in the biosynthesis of branched-chain hydrophobic amino acids were overrepresented in foaming samples.
    Conclusions: A mechanism for manure foaming is hypothesized in which proliferation of Methanoculleus leads to excessive production of methane, while production of DG by E. coprostanoligenes and hydrophobic proteins by Methanosphaera stadtmanae facilitates bubble formation and stabilization.
    Significance and impact of study: While some chemical and biological treatments have been developed to treat swine manure foaming, its causes remain unknown. We identified key microbes and metabolites that correlate with foaming and point to possible roles of other factors like animal feed.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Eubacterium/metabolism ; Humans ; Manure/microbiology ; Methane/metabolism ; Methanomicrobiaceae/genetics ; Swine
    Chemical Substances Manure ; Methane (OP0UW79H66)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1358023-1
    ISSN 1365-2672 ; 1364-5072
    ISSN (online) 1365-2672
    ISSN 1364-5072
    DOI 10.1111/jam.15384
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

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    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 259: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article: Generating biocrude from partially defatted Cryptococcus curvatus yeast residues through catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction

    Bi, Zheting / Ji Zhang / Tomasz Wiltowski / Yanna Liang / Zeying Zhu

    Applied energy. 2017,

    2017  

    Abstract: Research and development on hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of wet microbial biomass have been on a dramatic rise. Although microalgae have been the main feedstocks, investigations of HTL of yeast species were few, not to mention yeast biomass cultivated ...

    Abstract Research and development on hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of wet microbial biomass have been on a dramatic rise. Although microalgae have been the main feedstocks, investigations of HTL of yeast species were few, not to mention yeast biomass cultivated on cellulosic hydrolysates. In this study, six catalysts were tested regarding their effects on yields of biocrude and biochar from partially defatted Cryptococcus curvatus. Among the six, K2CO3 at 350 and 300 °C and KOH at 350 °C led to the highest yield of biocrude, 68.9%, 63.9% and 67.0%, respectively. These biocrudes had low content of sulfur and nitrogen but high HHVs in the range of 36.9 and 39.0 MJ/kg. The biocrudes from the top three running conditions were dominated by fatty acids and fatty acid esters based on GC/MS identification. The corresponding aqueous phase samples contained high concentrations of fatty acids among all that were identifiable. The successful HTL of the partially defatted yeast cell residues promises a platform where lignocellulosic sugars can be converted to biodiesel from yeast cell lipids and biocrude from the remaining yeast cells.
    Keywords biochar ; biodiesel ; catalysts ; Cutaneotrichosporon curvatus ; fatty acid esters ; fatty acids ; feedstocks ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; hydrolysates ; lignocellulose ; liquefaction ; microalgae ; microbial biomass ; nitrogen ; potassium carbonate ; potassium hydroxide ; sugars ; sulfur ; yeasts
    Language English
    Size p. .
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 2000772-3
    ISSN 0306-2619
    ISSN 0306-2619
    DOI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.11.031
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  6. Article: Biodiesel Production from Green Microalgae Schizochytrium limacinum via in Situ Transesterification

    Bi, Zheting / He, B. Brian / McDonald, Armando G

    Energy & Fuels. 2015 Aug. 20, v. 29, no. 8

    2015  

    Abstract: Microalgae are considered as one of the most promising feedstocks for biofuel production because of their environmental and social benefits. However, challenges exist in converting microalgal lipids into algal biofuels because of the unique ... ...

    Abstract Microalgae are considered as one of the most promising feedstocks for biofuel production because of their environmental and social benefits. However, challenges exist in converting microalgal lipids into algal biofuels because of the unique characteristics of microalgae and the technologies for processing them. This study aims at exploring an alternative sub-/supercritical methanol (subCM/SCM) process technology that combines lipid extraction from whole microalgae and lipid esterification/transesterification in a single step or in situ transesterification. A high lipid content microalgal strain, Schizochytrium limacinum, was used for in situ transesterification in a batch reactor. Temperature (170, 210, 250, and 290 °C), reaction time (30, 60, 90, and 120 min), and lipid/methanol molar ratio (sRatio; 1:50, 1:75, and 1:100) were investigated for their effects on the conversion efficiency. The temperature appeared as a most positive influential factor. Additionally, the operating temperature over 250 °C caused degradation of the lipids and/or algal biomass and, thus, led to the decline of the ester yield. The combination of the reaction time and temperature had a significant impact on the in situ transesterification reaction. The sRatio had a statistically significant impact on the product yield and purity, and both these two response factors reached the maximum levels after the sRatio reached 1:75. It was observed that the highest product purity (37.5 wt %) occurred at sRatio of 1:75, 211.6 °C, and 120 min, with a product yield of 58.4 mol %. This study shows that the in situ transesterification of microalgae bears some advantages over the traditional two-step processes and has the potential to be applied to large-scale processing for biodiesel production.
    Keywords biodiesel ; biomass ; esterification ; feedstocks ; fuel production ; lipid content ; lipids ; methanol ; microalgae ; Schizochytrium limacinum ; social benefit ; temperature ; transesterification
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-0820
    Size p. 5018-5027.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1483539-3
    ISSN 1520-5029 ; 0887-0624
    ISSN (online) 1520-5029
    ISSN 0887-0624
    DOI 10.1021%2Facs.energyfuels.5b00559
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