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  1. Article ; Online: A qualitative study of clinicians' perspectives on a law that allows for a 12-month supply of short-acting contraceptives in Massachusetts: Barriers and facilitators to implementation.

    Qasba, Neena T / Dowd, Patrick / Bianchet, Elyse / Goff, Sarah L

    Health services research

    2022  Volume 58, Issue 2, Page(s) 498–507

    Abstract: Objective: To explore clinicians' perspectives regarding the Massachusetts 2017 law, 'An Act Relative to Advancing Contraceptive Coverage and Economic Security in Our State' (ACCESS), including awareness of the law, perceived barriers and facilitators ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To explore clinicians' perspectives regarding the Massachusetts 2017 law, 'An Act Relative to Advancing Contraceptive Coverage and Economic Security in Our State' (ACCESS), including awareness of the law, perceived barriers and facilitators to successful implementation, and recommendations to improve uptake. ACCESS requires all insurers, except self-insured businesses, to cover short-acting reversible contraceptives (SARCs) at no cost to patients and for a 12-month supply to be prescribed/dispensed if desired after the completion of a three-month trial.
    Data sources and study setting: We collected primary data from clinicians in Massachusetts from February 1 to July 31, 2021.
    Study design: Semi-structured interviews of a purposeful sample of Massachusetts clinicians who provide primary and/or women's health care were conducted via Zoom.
    Data collection/extraction methods: Interview guide and codebook were created using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Interviews were analyzed using framework analysis, including deductive and inductive approaches. Major themes and subthemes were organized by a four-level model of the health care system: patient, care team (clinician), organization, and environment.
    Principal findings: Most (58.1%) of the 31 participants were not aware of the law. Perceived advantages of this law included decreasing burden on patients, unnecessary clinical visits, and administrative burden on staff for refill requests. Perceived disadvantages focused on concerns that patients would lose their medications or devices (patient-level) and decreased clinician contact with patients (provider-level). Perceived organization- and environmental-level barriers to implementation included lack of electronic medical record (EMR) prescription defaults and insurance coverage issues. Many felt EMR modifications and more training for clinicians and pharmacists could lead to a change in practice.
    Conclusion: Our study identifies potentially modifiable barriers to the implementation of the ACCESS law. Massachusetts clinicians' lack of awareness of the law demonstrates the need for statewide education, which may allow more eligible patients to obtain a 12-month SARC supply.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Contraceptive Agents ; Massachusetts ; Qualitative Research ; Delivery of Health Care ; Pharmacists
    Chemical Substances Contraceptive Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 410435-3
    ISSN 1475-6773 ; 0017-9124
    ISSN (online) 1475-6773
    ISSN 0017-9124
    DOI 10.1111/1475-6773.14105
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: “I've been to more of my friends’ funerals than I've been to my friends’ weddings”: Witnessing and responding to overdose in rural Northern New England

    Nolte, Kerry / Romo, Eric / Stopka, Thomas J. / Drew, Aurora / Dowd, P. / Del Toro‐Mejias, Lizbeth / Bianchet, Elyse / Friedmann, Peter D.

    The Journal of Rural Health. 2023 Jan., v. 39, no. 1 p.197-211

    2023  

    Abstract: PURPOSE: Overdose is a leading cause of death among people who use drugs (PWUDs), but policies to reduce fatal overdose have had mixed results. Summaries of naloxone access and Good Samaritan Laws (GSLs) in prior studies provide limited information about ...

    Abstract PURPOSE: Overdose is a leading cause of death among people who use drugs (PWUDs), but policies to reduce fatal overdose have had mixed results. Summaries of naloxone access and Good Samaritan Laws (GSLs) in prior studies provide limited information about local context. Witnessing overdoses may also be an important consideration in providing services to PWUDs, as it contributes to post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, which complicate substance use disorder treatment. METHODS: We aim to estimate the prevalence and correlates of witnessing and responding to an overdose, while exploring overdose context among rural PWUD. The Drug Injection Surveillance and Care Enhancement for Rural Northern New England (DISCERNNE) mixed‐methods study characterized substance use and risk behaviors in 11 rural Massachusetts, Vermont, and New Hampshire counties between 2018 and 2019. PWUD completed surveys (n = 589) and in‐depth interviews (n = 22). FINDINGS: Among the survey participants, 84% had ever witnessed an overdose, which was associated with probable PTSD symptoms. Overall, 51% had ever called 911 for an overdose, though some experienced criminal legal system consequences despite GSL. Although naloxone access varied, 43% had ever used naloxone to reverse an overdose. CONCLUSIONS: PWUD in Northern New England commonly witnessed an overdose, which they experienced as traumatic. Participants were willing to respond to overdoses, but faced barriers to effective overdose response, including limited naloxone access and criminal legal system consequences. Equipping PWUDs with effective overdose response tools (education and naloxone) and enacting policies that further protect PWUDs from criminal legal system consequences could reduce overdose mortality.
    Keywords death ; drug injection ; education ; monitoring ; mortality ; naloxone ; overdose ; risk ; rural health ; surveys ; Massachusetts ; New England region ; New Hampshire ; Vermont
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-01
    Size p. 197-211.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 639160-6
    ISSN 0890-765X
    ISSN 0890-765X
    DOI 10.1111/jrh.12660
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: "I've been to more of my friends' funerals than I've been to my friends' weddings": Witnessing and responding to overdose in rural Northern New England.

    Nolte, Kerry / Romo, Eric / Stopka, Thomas J / Drew, Aurora / Dowd, Patrick / Del Toro-Mejias, Lizbeth / Bianchet, Elyse / Friedmann, Peter D

    The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association

    2022  Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 197–211

    Abstract: Purpose: Overdose is a leading cause of death among people who use drugs (PWUDs), but policies to reduce fatal overdose have had mixed results. Summaries of naloxone access and Good Samaritan Laws (GSLs) in prior studies provide limited information ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Overdose is a leading cause of death among people who use drugs (PWUDs), but policies to reduce fatal overdose have had mixed results. Summaries of naloxone access and Good Samaritan Laws (GSLs) in prior studies provide limited information about local context. Witnessing overdoses may also be an important consideration in providing services to PWUDs, as it contributes to post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, which complicate substance use disorder treatment.
    Methods: We aim to estimate the prevalence and correlates of witnessing and responding to an overdose, while exploring overdose context among rural PWUD. The Drug Injection Surveillance and Care Enhancement for Rural Northern New England (DISCERNNE) mixed-methods study characterized substance use and risk behaviors in 11 rural Massachusetts, Vermont, and New Hampshire counties between 2018 and 2019. PWUD completed surveys (n = 589) and in-depth interviews (n = 22).
    Findings: Among the survey participants, 84% had ever witnessed an overdose, which was associated with probable PTSD symptoms. Overall, 51% had ever called 911 for an overdose, though some experienced criminal legal system consequences despite GSL. Although naloxone access varied, 43% had ever used naloxone to reverse an overdose.
    Conclusions: PWUD in Northern New England commonly witnessed an overdose, which they experienced as traumatic. Participants were willing to respond to overdoses, but faced barriers to effective overdose response, including limited naloxone access and criminal legal system consequences. Equipping PWUDs with effective overdose response tools (education and naloxone) and enacting policies that further protect PWUDs from criminal legal system consequences could reduce overdose mortality.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Narcotic Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Friends ; Naloxone/therapeutic use ; Drug Overdose/epidemiology ; New England/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Narcotic Antagonists ; Naloxone (36B82AMQ7N)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 639160-6
    ISSN 1748-0361 ; 0890-765X
    ISSN (online) 1748-0361
    ISSN 0890-765X
    DOI 10.1111/jrh.12660
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: "I am not a junkie": Social categorization and differentiation among people who use drugs.

    Sibley, Adams L / Baker, Robin / Levander, Ximena A / Rains, Alex / Walters, Suzan M / Nolte, Kerry / Colston, David C / Piscalko, Hannah M / Schalkoff, Christine A / Bianchet, Elyse / Chen, Samuel / Dowd, Patrick / Jaeb, Michael / Friedmann, Peter D / Fredericksen, Rob J / Seal, David W / Go, Vivian F

    The International journal on drug policy

    2023  Volume 114, Page(s) 103999

    Abstract: Background: Substance use stigma is a form of group-based exclusion, and delineating pathways from stigma to poor health requires a deeper understanding of the social dynamics of people who use drugs (PWUD). Outside of recovery, scant research has ... ...

    Abstract Background: Substance use stigma is a form of group-based exclusion, and delineating pathways from stigma to poor health requires a deeper understanding of the social dynamics of people who use drugs (PWUD). Outside of recovery, scant research has examined the role of social identity in addiction. Framed by Social Identity Theory/Self-Categorization Theory, this qualitative study investigated strategies of within-group categorization and differentiation among PWUD and the roles these social categories may play in shaping intragroup attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors.
    Methods: Data come from the Rural Opioid Initiative, a multi-site study of the overdose epidemic in rural United States. We conducted in-depth interviews with people who reported using opioids or injecting any drug (n=355) living in 65 counties across 10 states. Interviews focused on participants' biographical histories, past and current drug use, risk behaviors, and experiences with healthcare providers and law enforcement. Social categories and dimensions along which categories were evaluated were inductively identified using reflexive thematic analysis.
    Results: We identified seven social categories that were commonly appraised by participants along eight evaluative dimensions. Categories included drug of choice, route of administration, method of attainment, gender, age, genesis of use, and recovery approach. Categories were evaluated by participants based on ascribed characteristics of morality, destructiveness, aversiveness, control, functionality, victimhood, recklessness, and determination. Participants performed nuanced identity work during interviews, including reifying social categories, defining 'addict' prototypicality, reflexively comparing self to other, and disidentifying from the PWUD supra-category.
    Conclusion: We identify several facets of identity, both behavioral and demographic, along which people who use drugs perceive salient social boundaries. Beyond an addiction-recovery binary, identity is shaped by multiple aspects of the social self in substance use. Patterns of categorization and differentiation revealed negative intragroup attitudes, including stigma, that may hinder solidary-building and collective action in this marginalized group.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Drug Overdose ; Qualitative Research ; Social Stigma
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Opioid
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-09
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2010000-0
    ISSN 1873-4758 ; 0955-3959
    ISSN (online) 1873-4758
    ISSN 0955-3959
    DOI 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.103999
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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