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Article ; Online: Re-emergence of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses in 2021 after a 10-year gap in Gabon.

Ushijima, Yuri / Abe, Haruka / Mbadinga, Marien J V M / Ondo, Georgelin Nguema / Bikangui, Rodrigue / Agnandji, Selidji T / Lell, Bertrand / Yasuda, Jiro

IJID Regions (Online)

2022 Volume 5, Page(s) 68–71

Abstract: Mosquito-borne viral infections are a major concern in endemic areas, such as Africa. Although outbreaks have been reported throughout Africa, only a few surveillance studies have been conducted in Gabon since the outbreaks of dengue virus (DENV) and ... ...

Abstract	Mosquito-borne viral infections are a major concern in endemic areas, such as Africa. Although outbreaks have been reported throughout Africa, only a few surveillance studies have been conducted in Gabon since the outbreaks of dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in 2010. Therefore, the current situation is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the presence of arboviruses, especially DENV (serotypes 1-4), CHIKV, and Zika virus (ZIKV), in Gabon, Central Africa. Between 2020 and 2021, we collected 1060 serum samples from febrile patients and screened them against viruses using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. We detected two DENV serotypes 1 (DENV-1), one CHIKV, and one ZIKV, and subsequently analyzed the genome sequences. To determine the genetic diversity and transmission route of the viruses, phylogenetic analysis was performed using complete or partial genome sequences. The DENV-1 and CHIKV strains detected in this study were closely related to the previous Gabonese strains, whereas the recent ZIKV strain was genetically different from a strain detected in 2007 in Gabon. This study provides new genomic information on DENV-1, CHIKV, and ZIKV that were detected in Gabon and insight into the circulation of the viruses in the country and their introduction from neighboring African countries.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2772-7076
ISSN (online)	2772-7076
DOI	10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.08.013
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Article ; Online: Delays in the arrival of the waves of COVID-19: a comparison between Gabon and the African continent.

Abe, Haruka / Ushijima, Yuri / Bikangui, Rodrigue / Ondo, Georgelin Nguema / Lell, Bertrand / Adegnika, Ayola A / Yasuda, Jiro

The Lancet. Microbe

2022 Volume 3, Issue 7, Page(s) e476

MeSH term(s)	Blacks ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Gabon/epidemiology ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2666-5247
ISSN (online)	2666-5247
DOI	10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00091-X
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Article: Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Revealed by Continuous Surveillance from 2015 to 2021 in Gabon, Central Africa.

Abe, Haruka / Ushijima, Yuri / Bikangui, Rodrigue / Ondo, Georgelin Nguema / Pemba, Christelle M / Zadeh, Vahid R / Mpingabo, Patrick I / Ueda, Hayato / Agnandji, Selidji T / Lell, Bertrand / Yasuda, Jiro

Microorganisms

2023 Volume 11, Issue 8

Abstract: Viral hepatitis remains one of the largest public health concerns worldwide. Especially in Central Africa, information on hepatitis virus infections has been limited, although the prevalence in this region has been reported to be higher than the global ... ...

Abstract	Viral hepatitis remains one of the largest public health concerns worldwide. Especially in Central Africa, information on hepatitis virus infections has been limited, although the prevalence in this region has been reported to be higher than the global average. To reveal the current status of hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infections and the genetic diversity of the viruses, we conducted longitudinal surveillance in Gabon. We detected 22 HBV and 9 HCV infections in 2047 patients with febrile illness. Genetic analyses of HBV identified subgenotype A1 for the first time in Gabon and an insertion generating a frameshift to create an X-preC/C fusion protein. We also revealed that most of the detected HCVs belonged to the "Gabon-specific" HCV subtype 4e (HCV-4e), and the entire nucleotide sequence of the HCV-4e polyprotein was determined to establish the first reference sequence. The HCV-4e strains possessed resistance-associated substitutions similar to those of other HCV-4 strains, indicating that the use of direct-acting antiviral therapy may be complex. These results provide a better understanding of the current situation of hepatitis B and C virus infections in Central Africa and will help public health organizations develop effective countermeasures to eliminate chronic viral hepatitis in this region.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms11082046
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Article ; Online: Safety and immunogenicity of the co-administered Na-APR-1 and Na-GST-1 hookworm vaccines in school-aged children in Gabon: a randomised, controlled, observer-blind, phase 1, dose-escalation trial.

Zinsou, Jeannot F / Diemert, David J / Dejon-Agobé, Jean Claude / Adégbité, Bayodé R / Honkpehedji, Yabo Josiane / Vodonou, Kafui G / Bikangui, Rodrigue / Edoa, Jean Ronald / Massinga Loembe, Marguerite / Li, Guangzhao / Yazdanbakhsh, Maria / Bottazzi, Maria Elena / van Leeuwen, Remko / Kremsner, Peter G / Hotez, Peter J / Bethony, Jeffrey M / Grobusch, Martin P / Adegnika, Ayola A

The Lancet. Infectious diseases

2024

Abstract: Background: A human hookworm vaccine is being developed to protect children against iron deficiency and anaemia associated with chronic infection with hookworms. Necator americanus aspartic protease-1 (Na-APR-1) and N americanus glutathione S- ... ...

Abstract	Background: A human hookworm vaccine is being developed to protect children against iron deficiency and anaemia associated with chronic infection with hookworms. Necator americanus aspartic protease-1 (Na-APR-1) and N americanus glutathione S-transferase-1 (Na-GST-1) are components of the blood digestion pathway critical to hookworm survival in the host. Recombinant Na-GST-1 and catalytically inactive Na-APR-1 (Na-APR-1[M74]) adsorbed to Alhydrogel were safe and immunogenic when delivered separately or co-administered to adults in phase 1 trials in non-endemic and endemic areas. We aimed to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of these antigens in healthy children in a hookworm-endemic area. Methods: This was a randomised, controlled, observer-blind, phase 1, dose-escalation trial, conducted in a clinical research centre, in 60 children aged six to ten years in Lambaréné, a hookworm-endemic region of Gabon. Healthy children (determined by clinical examination and safety laboratory testing) were randomised 4:1 to receive co-administered Na-GST-1 on Alhydrogel plus Na-APR-1(M74) on Alhydrogel and glucopyranosyl lipid A in aqueous formulation (GLA-AF), or co-administered ENGERIX-B hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) and saline placebo, injected into the deltoid of each arm. Allocation to vaccine groups was observer-masked. In each vaccine group, children were randomised 1:1 to receive intramuscular injections into each deltoid on two vaccine schedules, one at months 0, 2, and 4 or at months 0, 2, and 6. 10 μg, 30 μg, and 100 μg of each antigen were administered in the first, second, and third cohorts, respectively. The intention-to-treat population was used for safety analyses; while for immunogenicity analyses, the per-protocol population was used (children who received all scheduled vaccinations). The primary outcome was to evaluate the vaccines' safety and reactogenicity in healthy children aged between six and ten years. The secondary outcome was to measure antigen-specific serum IgG antibody levels at pre-vaccination and post-vaccination timepoints by qualified ELISAs. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02839161, and is completed. Findings: Between Jan 23 and Oct 3, 2017, 137 children were screened, of whom 76 were eligible for this trial. 60 children were recruited, and allocated to either 10 μg of the co-administered antigens (n=8 for each injection schedule), 30 μg (n=8 for each schedule), 100 μg (n=8 for each schedule), or HBV and placebo (n=6 for each schedule) in three sequential cohorts. Co-administration of the vaccines was well tolerated; the most frequent solicited adverse events were mild-to-moderate injection-site pain, observed in up to 12 (75%) of 16 participants per vaccine group, and mild headache (12 [25%] of 48) and fever (11 [23%] of 48). No vaccine-related serious adverse events were observed. Significant anti-Na-APR-1(M74) and anti-Na-GST-1 IgG levels were induced in a dose-dependent manner, with peaks seen 14 days after the third vaccinations, regardless of dose (for Na-APR-1[M74], geometric mean levels [GML]=2295·97 arbitrary units [AU] and 726·89 AU, while for Na-GST-1, GMLs=331·2 AU and 21·4 AU for the month 0, 2, and 6 and month 0, 2, and 4 schedules, respectively). The month 0, 2, and 6 schedule induced significantly higher IgG responses to both antigens (p=0·01 and p=0·04 for Na-APR-1[M74] and Na-GST-1, respectively). Interpretation: Co-administration of recombinant Na-APR-1(M74) and Na-GST-1 to school-aged Gabonese children was well tolerated and induced significant IgG responses. These results justify further evaluation of this antigen combination in proof-of-concept controlled-infection and efficacy studies in hookworm-endemic areas. Funding: European Union Seventh Framework Programme.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2061641-7
ISSN	1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
ISSN (online)	1474-4457
ISSN	1473-3099
DOI	10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00104-X
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Article ; Online: Distribution of Aedes mosquito species along the rural-urban gradient in Lambaréné and its surrounding.

Bikangui, Rodrigue / Boussougou-Sambe, Stravensky Terence / Saidou, Mahmoudou / Ngossanga, Barclaye / Doumba Ndalembouly, Ange Gatien / Djida, Ynous / Ayong More / Beh Mba, Romuald / Abe, Haruka / Ushijima, Yuri / Borrmann, Steffen / Lell, Bertrand / Yasuda, Jiro / Adegnika, Ayola Akim

Parasites & vectors

2023 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 360

Abstract: Background: Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are known for their potential as vectors of dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. However, entomological surveys are mostly carried out during epidemics. In Gabon where outbreaks of both viruses ... ...

Abstract	Background: Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are known for their potential as vectors of dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. However, entomological surveys are mostly carried out during epidemics. In Gabon where outbreaks of both viruses have occurred, there is no vector control program targeting these arboviruses. Therefore, we assessed the presence of Aedes species along a rural-urban gradient in Lambaréné (Gabon) and its surroundings and determined ecological factors associated to their presence. Methods: An entomological survey was conducted in Lambaréné and its surrounding rural areas. Mosquitoes were collected with aspirators around human dwellings, and ecological and environmental data were collected from each study area. Morphological identification keys were used to identify Aedes species. RNA was extracted from pools of female mosquitoes and amplified by RT-qPCR to detect the presence of DENV and CHIKV. Results: Overall, the most common vector collected was Aedes albopictus (97%, 4236/4367 specimens), followed by Aedes aegypti (3%, 131/4367). Albopictus vectors was more abundant in the rural area (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Z = 627, P = 0.043) than in the urban area. In the urban area, a higher number of mosquitoes (45%) were recorded in the economic zone (zone 3) than in the historical and administrative zones (zone 1 and 2). In the rural area, the proportions of species numbers were significantly higher along the south rural transect (92%) compared to the north rural transect (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Z = 43, P ˂ 0.016). We also noted a high abundance of vectors in environments characterized by monocultures of Hevea brasiliensis (Hevea) and Manihot esculenta (cassava) (Kruskal-Wallis H-test, H = 25.7, df = 2, P < 0.001). Finally, no mosquito pools were positive for either DENV or CHIKV. Conclusion: Aedes albopictus was the dominant vector across the study sites due to its high invasiveness capacity. This presence re-affirms the potential for local transmission of both DENV and CHIKV, as indicated previously by serological surveys conducted in our study area, even though no transmission was detected during the current study. These findings underscore the need for regular arbovirus surveillance in the study region, with the aim of supporting vector control efforts in the event of outbreaks.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Female ; Dengue Virus/genetics ; Aedes ; Mosquito Vectors ; Chikungunya virus/genetics ; Chikungunya Fever ; Arboviruses ; Dengue
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-023-05901-2
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Article ; Online: Long-term validation of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 from March 2020 to October 2021 in Central Africa, Gabon.

Abe, Haruka / Ushijima, Yuri / Bikangui, Rodrigue / Ondo, Georgelin Nguema / Moure, Ayong / Yali-Assy-Oyamli, Yoric / Yoshikawa, Rokusuke / Lell, Bertrand / Adegnika, Ayola A / Yasuda, Jiro

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2022 Volume 16, Issue 12, Page(s) e0010964

Abstract: Background: Despite the development of several methods for diagnosing COVID-19, long-term validation of such methods remains limited. In the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed a rapid and sensitive diagnostic method based on reverse ... ...

Abstract	Background: Despite the development of several methods for diagnosing COVID-19, long-term validation of such methods remains limited. In the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed a rapid and sensitive diagnostic method based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) methodology, which is suitable for point-of-care application or for use in resource-limited settings to detect SARS-CoV-2. To assess the applicability of the RT-LAMP assay technique to resource-limited regions, such as rural areas in Africa, and to verify the usability of the method against various SARS-CoV-2 variants, the method was validated using clinical samples collected longitudinally during the pandemic. Methodology/principal findings: First, the sensitivity of the RT-LAMP assay for detecting 10 SARS-CoV-2 variants was evaluated using viral RNA samples extracted from cell culture with a portable battery-supported device, resulting in the successful detection of 20-50 copies of the viral genome within 15 min, regardless of the variant. COVID-19 positive samples collected in Gabon between March 2020 and October 2021 were used to evaluate the sensitivity of the assay and to calculate the copy number of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. More than 292 copies of the viral genome were detected with 100% probability within 15 min in almost all tests. Conclusions: This long-term validation study clearly demonstrated the applicability of the RT-LAMP assay for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in resource-limited settings of Africa, such as rural areas in Gabon. The results show the potential of the assay as a promising COVID-19 diagnostic method, especially in rural and remote regions located far from the official diagnosis facilities in urban or semi-urban areas.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2735
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2735
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0010964
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Article ; Online: Surveillance of the major pathogenic arboviruses of public health concern in Gabon, Central Africa: increased risk of West Nile virus and dengue virus infections.

Ushijima, Yuri / Abe, Haruka / Nguema Ondo, Georgelin / Bikangui, Rodrigue / Massinga Loembé, Marguerite / Zadeh, Vahid R / Essimengane, Joseph G E / Mbouna, Armel V N / Bache, Emmanuel B / Agnandji, Selidji T / Lell, Bertrand / Yasuda, Jiro

BMC infectious diseases

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 265

Abstract: Background: Increasing arbovirus infections have been a global burden in recent decades. Many countries have experienced the periodic emergence of arbovirus diseases. However, information on the prevalence of arboviruses is largely unknown or ... ...

Abstract	Background: Increasing arbovirus infections have been a global burden in recent decades. Many countries have experienced the periodic emergence of arbovirus diseases. However, information on the prevalence of arboviruses is largely unknown or infrequently updated because of the lack of surveillance studies, especially in Africa. Methods: A surveillance study was conducted in Gabon, Central Africa, on arboviruses, which are a major public health concern in Africa, including: West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). Serological and molecular assays were performed to investigate past infection history and the current status of infection, using serum samples collected from healthy individuals and febrile patients, respectively. Results: The overall seroprevalence during 2014-2017 was estimated to be 25.3% for WNV, 20.4% for DENV, 40.3% for ZIKV, 60.7% for YFV, 61.2% for CHIKV, and 14.3% for RVFV. No significant differences were found in the seroprevalence of any of the viruses between the male and female populations. However, a focus on the mean age in each arbovirus-seropositive individual showed a significantly younger age in WNV- and DENV-seropositive individuals than in CHIKV-seropositive individuals, indicating that WNV and DENV caused a relatively recent epidemic in the region, whereas CHIKV had actively circulated before. Of note, this indication was supported by the detection of both WNV and DENV genomes in serum samples collected from febrile patients after 2016. Conclusions: This study revealed the recent re-emergence of WNV and DENV in Gabon as well as the latest seroprevalence state of the major arboviruses, which indicated the different potential risks of virus infections and virus-specific circulation patterns. This information will be helpful for public health organizations and will enable a rapid response towards these arbovirus infections, thereby preventing future spread in the country.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Animals ; Arbovirus Infections/diagnosis ; Arbovirus Infections/epidemiology ; Arboviruses/classification ; Arboviruses/isolation & purification ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging ; Dengue/diagnosis ; Dengue/epidemiology ; Female ; Fever/epidemiology ; Fever/virology ; Gabon/epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Public Health ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Zika Virus Infection/diagnosis ; Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041550-3
ISSN	1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
ISSN (online)	1471-2334
ISSN	1471-2334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-021-05960-9
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Article ; Online: Risk factors for HTLV-1 infection in Central Africa: A rural population-based survey in Gabon.

Djuicy, Delia Doreen / Mouinga-Ondémé, Augustin / Cassar, Olivier / Ramassamy, Jill-Léa / Idam Mamimandjiami, Antony / Bikangui, Rodrigue / Fontanet, Arnaud / Gessain, Antoine

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2018 Volume 12, Issue 10, Page(s) e0006832

Abstract: Background: Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a human oncoretrovirus that infects at least 5 to 10 million people worldwide and is associated with severe diseases. Africa appears as the largest HTLV-1 endemic area. However, the risk factors ... ...

Abstract	Background: Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a human oncoretrovirus that infects at least 5 to 10 million people worldwide and is associated with severe diseases. Africa appears as the largest HTLV-1 endemic area. However, the risk factors for the acquisition of HTLV-1 remain poorly understood in Central Africa. Methods: We conducted an epidemiological survey between 2013 and 2017, in rural areas of 6 provinces of Gabon, in a rainforest environment. Epidemiological data were obtained and blood samples were collected after informed consent. Plasma were screened for HTLV-1 antibodies by ELISA and the positive samples were then tested by Western blot (WB). Genomic DNA derived from buffy-coat was subjected to two semi-nested PCRs amplifying either HTLV-1 env gene or LTR region fragments. Results: We recruited 2,060 individuals over 15 years old, including 1,205 men and 855 women (mean age: 49 years). Of these, 299 were found to be ELISA HTLV-1/2 seropositive. According to WB criteria, 136 were HTLV-1 (6.6%), 25 HTLV-1/2 (1.2%) and 9 HTLV seroreactive (0.4%). PCR results showed that 146 individuals were positive for at least one PCR: 104 for the env gene and 131 for the LTR region. Based on both serological and molecular results, 179 individuals were considered infected with HTLV-1, leading to an overall prevalence of 8.7%. The distribution of HTLV-1 infection was heterogeneous across the country. Based on multivariable analyses, female gender, increasing age, ethnicity (Pygmy) and multiple hospitalizations (more than 5 times) were found to be independent risk factors for HTLV-1 infection. Furthermore, a non-human primate bite appeared to be marginally associated with a higher risk of HTLV-1 infection. Conclusion: Based on state-of-the-art serological and molecular methods, we have demonstrated that rural adult populations in Gabon are highly endemic for HTLV-1. Our results regarding risk factors should lead to public health actions aiming to reduce HTLV-1 transmission.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Blotting, Western ; DNA, Viral/blood ; Endemic Diseases ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Gabon/epidemiology ; HTLV-I Infections/epidemiology ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; DNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2727
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2727
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0006832
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Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants in Africa: view from Gabon.

Zoa-Assoumou, Samira / Ndeboko, Bénédicte / Manouana, Gédéon Prince / Houechenou, Rotimi Myrabelle Avome / Bikangui, Rodrigue / Mveang-Nzoghe, Amandine / Ondo, Georgelin Nguema / Mbongo-Kama, Elvyre / Lell, Bertrand / Abe, Haruka / Ushijima, Yuri / Antchouey, Anne-Marie / Yasuda, Jiro / Adegnika, Ayola Akim / Siawaya, Joel Fleury Djoba

The Lancet. Microbe

2021 Volume 2, Issue 8, Page(s) e349

MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Gabon/epidemiology ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2666-5247
ISSN (online)	2666-5247
DOI	10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00125-7
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Article ; Online: Unrecognized introduction of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern to Central Africa: Import and local transmission of B.1.1.7 in Gabon in the very early stage of the variant spread to the African continent.

Abe, Haruka / Ushijima, Yuri / Bikangui, Rodrigue / Zoa-Assoumou, Samira / Ondo, Georgelin Nguema / Manouana, Gédéon Prince / More, Ayong / Skarwan, Emilio / Yali-Assy-Oyamli, Yoric / Ndeboko, Bénédicte / Myrabelle Avome Houechenou, Rotimi / Djoba Siawaya, Joel Fleury / Lell, Bertrand / Adegnika, Ayola Akim / Yasuda, Jiro

Journal of medical virology

2021 Volume 93, Issue 10, Page(s) 6054–6058

Abstract: The rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant of concern with higher infectivity has already resulted in the enormous increase in infection cases worldwide. We report an unrecognized introduction of the ... ...

Abstract	The rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant of concern with higher infectivity has already resulted in the enormous increase in infection cases worldwide. We report an unrecognized introduction of the variant B.1.1.7 in Gabon in December 2020, which was the initial phase of the variant introduction to Africa. The B.1.1.7 variant was also detected in a hospitalized patient in January 2021, indicating a rapid spread of the variant in Gabon since its first detection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the detected B.1.1.7 variants originated from the distinct regions, strongly suggesting that the B.1.1.7 variant had been repeatedly introduced to Gabon since December 2020. These results provide insights on the unrecognized risks of infections with variants of concern, and show the necessity to conduct continuous genomic monitoring for immediate alert and control of novel SARS-CoV-2 variant infections.
MeSH term(s)	Africa, Central/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/transmission ; COVID-19/virology ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Whole Genome Sequencing
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.27164
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