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  1. Article ; Online: Subtractive genomics profiling for potential drug targets identification against Moraxella catarrhalis.

    Bilal Ashraf / Nimrah Atiq / Kanwal Khan / Abdul Wadood / Reaz Uddin

    PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 8, p e

    2022  Volume 0273252

    Abstract: Moraxella catarrhalis (M. catarrhalis) is a gram-negative bacterium, responsible for major respiratory tract and middle ear infection in infants and adults. The recent emergence of the antibiotic resistance M. catarrhalis demands the prioritization of an ...

    Abstract Moraxella catarrhalis (M. catarrhalis) is a gram-negative bacterium, responsible for major respiratory tract and middle ear infection in infants and adults. The recent emergence of the antibiotic resistance M. catarrhalis demands the prioritization of an effective drug target as a top priority. Fortunately, the failure of new drugs and host toxicity associated with traditional drug development approaches can be avoided by using an in silico subtractive genomics approach. In the current study, the advanced in silico genome subtraction approach was applied to identify potential and pathogen-specific drug targets against M. catarrhalis. We applied a series of subtraction methods from the whole genome of pathogen based on certain steps i.e. paralogous protein that have extensive homology with humans, essential, drug like, non-virulent, and resistant proteins. Only 38 potent drug targets were identified in this study. Eventually, one protein was identified as a potential new drug target and forwarded to the structure-based studies i.e. histidine kinase (UniProt ID: D5VAF6). Furthermore, virtual screening of 2000 compounds from the ZINC database was performed against the histidine kinase that resulted in the shortlisting of three compounds as the potential therapeutic candidates based on their binding energies and the properties exhibited using ADMET analysis. The identified protein gives a platform for the discovery of a lead drug candidate that may inhibit it and may help to eradicate the otitis media caused by drug-resistant M. catarrhalis. Nevertheless, the current study helped in creating a pipeline for drug target identification that may assist wet-lab research in the future.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: An Empirical Study of Learning Environment in Textile Sector of Pakistan

    Bilal Ashraf

    International Journal of Management and Organizational Studies, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp 45-

    2013  Volume 49

    Abstract: Learning in organizations has worldwide importance. Now also in Pakistan idea of organization learning is developing. The purpose of this paper is to examine the 'supportive learning environment' in textile sector of Pakistan. Supportive learning ... ...

    Abstract Learning in organizations has worldwide importance. Now also in Pakistan idea of organization learning is developing. The purpose of this paper is to examine the 'supportive learning environment' in textile sector of Pakistan. Supportive learning environment is first building block from the given three building blocks of a learning organization by David Garvin. For the purpose of collecting data a self administrated questioner was utilized. Results illustrate that there is need of improvement in supportive learning environment for providing learning oriented environment to the employees of textile sector.
    Keywords Supportive Learning Environment ; Learning Organizations ; Textile sector ; and Pakistan ; Business ; HF5001-6182 ; Commerce ; HF1-6182 ; Social Sciences ; H ; DOAJ:Business and Management ; DOAJ:Business and Economics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Society of Management and Human Resource Development
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux Model of Eyring Powell Fluid Along with Convective Boundary Conditions

    Mohammad Bilal Ashraf / Sapna Sharma / Madhu Aneja

    Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Vol 40, Iss 3, Pp 971-

    2021  Volume 979

    Abstract: Heat and mass transfer effects in three-dimensional mixed convection flow of Eyring Powell fluid over an exponentially stretching surface with convective boundary conditions are inspected. Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux model is a modified version of the ... ...

    Abstract Heat and mass transfer effects in three-dimensional mixed convection flow of Eyring Powell fluid over an exponentially stretching surface with convective boundary conditions are inspected. Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux model is a modified version of the classical Fourier's law that takes into account the interesting aspect of thermal relaxation time. First-order chemical reaction effects are also taken into account. Similarity transformations are invoked to reduce the leading boundary layer partial differential equations into the ordinary differential equations. The nonlinear, coupled ordinary differential with boundary conditions has been analyzed numerically by using the Finite Element Method.
    Keywords convective boundary conditions ; cattaneo- christov heat flux model ; eyring powell fluid ; exponential stretching sheet ; finite element method ; Chemical engineering ; TP155-156 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Gastrointestinal Manifestations Are Associated with Severe COVID-19 in Children

    Esra Betul Akkoyun / Bilal Ashraf / Natasha Hanners / Jeffrey Kahn / Zachary Most

    Healthcare, Vol 12, Iss 1, p

    2023  Volume 81

    Abstract: Purpose: Although less severe than in adults, children can experience a range of COVID-19 symptoms, from asymptomatic to life-threatening, including respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Medical conditions may also increase the severity of the ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Although less severe than in adults, children can experience a range of COVID-19 symptoms, from asymptomatic to life-threatening, including respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Medical conditions may also increase the severity of the disease in infected children. Methods: This study was performed at a single center, comparing cases and controls, and involving 253 pediatric patients who had been diagnosed with COVID-19. Two different outcomes were assessed. The first categorized symptomatic individuals who were hospitalized with COVID-19 (hospital) from those who were not (nonhospital). The second categorized admitted individuals who spent at least one day in the intensive care unit (ICU) from those who did not require intensive care (floor). Results: Ninety individuals (36%) had at least one underlying medical condition, the most common being pulmonary disorders, such as asthma (12%), followed by neurodevelopmental disorders (8%), gastrointestinal disorders (6%), and seizure disorders (6%). The hospital group was more likely to have a comorbidity, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), diabetes mellitus, seizure disorder, hypertension, sickle cell disease, neurodevelopmental disorder, and immunocompromising conditions, including cancer, bone marrow transplant, and other immunodeficiencies, compared to the non-hospital group. Abdominal pain was more common in the hospital group. Shortness of breath (SOB) and diarrhea were significantly more common in the ICU group than in the floor group. Conclusions: Early identification of pediatric patients with severe COVID-19 is important to improve outcomes. In our single-center case–control study, we found that the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms on presentation was more commonly associated with severe COVID-19 in children.
    Keywords children ; COVID-19 ; severe ; gastrointestinal symptoms ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Dynamic Modeling of a Nonlinear Two-Wheeled Robot Using Data-Driven Approach

    Muhammad Aseer Khan / Dur-e-Zehra Baig / Bilal Ashraf / Husan Ali / Junaid Rashid / Jungeun Kim

    Processes, Vol 10, Iss 524, p

    2022  Volume 524

    Abstract: A system identification of a two-wheeled robot (TWR) using a data-driven approach from its fundamental nonlinear kinematics is investigated. The fundamental model of the TWR is implemented in a Simulink environment and tested at various input/output ... ...

    Abstract A system identification of a two-wheeled robot (TWR) using a data-driven approach from its fundamental nonlinear kinematics is investigated. The fundamental model of the TWR is implemented in a Simulink environment and tested at various input/output operating conditions. The testing outcome of TWR’s fundamental dynamics generated 12 datasets. These datasets are used for system identification using simple autoregressive exogenous (ARX) and non-linear auto-regressive exogenous (NLARX) models. Initially the ARX structure is heuristically selected and estimated through a single operating condition. We conclude that the single ARX model does not satisfy TWR dynamics for all datasets in term of fitness. However, NLARX fitted the 12 estimated datasets and 2 validation datasets using sigmoid nonlinearity. The obtained results are compared with TWR’s fundamental dynamics and predicted outputs of the NLARX showed more than 98% accuracy at various operating conditions.
    Keywords system identification ; data-driven modelling ; two-wheeled robot ; parameter estimation ; ARX ; NLRAX ; Chemical technology ; TP1-1185 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Mixed convection radiative flow of three dimensional Maxwell fluid over an inclined stretching sheet in presence of thermophoresis and convective condition

    M. Bilal Ashraf / T. Hayat / S. A. Shehzad / A. Alsaedi

    AIP Advances, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 027134-027134-

    2015  Volume 17

    Abstract: Three dimensional radiative flow of Maxwell fluid over an inclined stretching surface with convective boundary condition is investigated. Heat and mass transfer analysis is taken into account with thermophoresis effects. Similarity transformations are ... ...

    Abstract Three dimensional radiative flow of Maxwell fluid over an inclined stretching surface with convective boundary condition is investigated. Heat and mass transfer analysis is taken into account with thermophoresis effects. Similarity transformations are utilized to reduce the partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. Series solutions of velocity, temperature and concentration are developed. Influence of different parameters Biot number, therrmophoretic parameter, Deborah number, ratio parameter, inclined stretching angle, radiation parameter, mixed convection parameter and concentration buoyancy parameter on the non-dimensional velocity components, temperature and concentration are plotted and discussed in detail. Physical quantities of interests are tabulated and examined.
    Keywords Science ; Q ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
    Subject code 532
    Publishing date 2015-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher AIP Publishing LLC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Three-dimensional mixed convection flow of viscoelastic fluid with thermal radiation and convective conditions.

    Tasawar Hayat / Muhammad Bilal Ashraf / Hamed H Alsulami / Muhammad Shahab Alhuthali

    PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 3, p e

    2014  Volume 90038

    Abstract: The objective of present research is to examine the thermal radiation effect in three-dimensional mixed convection flow of viscoelastic fluid. The boundary layer analysis has been discussed for flow by an exponentially stretching surface with convective ... ...

    Abstract The objective of present research is to examine the thermal radiation effect in three-dimensional mixed convection flow of viscoelastic fluid. The boundary layer analysis has been discussed for flow by an exponentially stretching surface with convective conditions. The resulting partial differential equations are reduced into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate transformations. The series solutions are developed through a modern technique known as the homotopy analysis method. The convergent expressions of velocity components and temperature are derived. The solutions obtained are dependent on seven sundry parameters including the viscoelastic parameter, mixed convection parameter, ratio parameter, temperature exponent, Prandtl number, Biot number and radiation parameter. A systematic study is performed to analyze the impacts of these influential parameters on the velocity and temperature, the skin friction coefficients and the local Nusselt number. It is observed that mixed convection parameter in momentum and thermal boundary layers has opposite role. Thermal boundary layer is found to decrease when ratio parameter, Prandtl number and temperature exponent are increased. Local Nusselt number is increasing function of viscoelastic parameter and Biot number. Radiation parameter on the Nusselt number has opposite effects when compared with viscoelastic parameter.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 532
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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