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  1. Article ; Online: Game-based education promotes practices supporting sustainable water use

    Bilancini, Ennio / Boncinelli, Leonardo / Di Paolo, Roberto

    Ecological Economics. 2023 June, v. 208 p.107801-

    2023  

    Abstract: We estimate the impact of a game-based educational program aimed at promoting practices for sustainable water usage among 2nd-4th grade students and their families living in the municipality of Lucca, Italy. To this purpose we exploited unique data from ... ...

    Abstract We estimate the impact of a game-based educational program aimed at promoting practices for sustainable water usage among 2nd-4th grade students and their families living in the municipality of Lucca, Italy. To this purpose we exploited unique data from a quasi-experiment involving about two thousand students, one thousand participating (the treatment group) and one thousand not participating (the control group) in the program. Data were collected by means of a survey that we specifically designed and implemented to record students' self-reported behaviors. Our estimates indicate that the program has been successful: the students in the program reported an increase in efficient water usage and an increase in the frequency of discussions with their parents about water usage; moreover, positive effects were still observed after six months. Our findings suggest that game-based educational programs can be an effective instrument to promote practices supporting sustainable water use behaviors in students and their parents.
    Keywords ecological economics ; education programs ; surveys ; water utilization ; Italy ; Water ; Prosocial behavior ; Field quasi-experiment ; Game-based learning ; Games for social change
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-06
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 0921-8009
    DOI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.107801
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Assortativity in cognition.

    Bilancini, Ennio / Boncinelli, Leonardo / Vicario, Eugenio

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 3412

    Abstract: In pairwise interactions, where two individuals meet and play a social game with each other, assortativity in cognition means that pairs where both decision-makers use the same cognitive process are more likely to occur than what happens under random ... ...

    Abstract In pairwise interactions, where two individuals meet and play a social game with each other, assortativity in cognition means that pairs where both decision-makers use the same cognitive process are more likely to occur than what happens under random matching. In this paper, we show theoretically that assortativity in cognition may arise as a consequence of assortativity in other dimensions. Moreover, we analyze an applied model where we investigate the effects of assortativity in cognition on the emergence of cooperation and on the degree of prosociality of intuition and deliberation, which are the typical cognitive processes postulated by the dual process theory in psychology. In particular, with assortativity in cognition, deliberation is able to shape the intuitive heuristic toward cooperation, increasing the degree of prosociality of intuition, and ultimately promoting the overall cooperation. Our findings rely on agent-based simulations, but analytical results are also obtained in a special case. We conclude with examples involving different payoff matrices of the underlying social games, showing that assortativity in cognition can have non-trivial implications in terms of its societal desirability.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-30301-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: I want to be safe: understanding the main drivers behind vaccination choice throughout the pandemic.

    Marini, Marco / Demichelis, Alessandro / Menicagli, Dario / Mancini, Giovanna / Panizza, Folco / Bilancini, Ennio / Cevolani, Gustavo

    BMC public health

    2024  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 1111

    Abstract: Background: Despite being a major advancement in modern medicine, vaccines face widespread hesitancy and refusal, posing challenges to immunization campaigns. The COVID-19 pandemic accentuated vaccine hesitancy, emphasizing the pivotal role of beliefs ... ...

    Abstract Background: Despite being a major advancement in modern medicine, vaccines face widespread hesitancy and refusal, posing challenges to immunization campaigns. The COVID-19 pandemic accentuated vaccine hesitancy, emphasizing the pivotal role of beliefs in efficacy and safety on vaccine acceptance rates. This study explores the influence of efficacy and safety perceptions on vaccine uptake in Italy during the pandemic.
    Methods: We administered a 70-item questionnaire to a representative sample of 600 Italian speakers. Participants were tasked with assessing the perceived effectiveness and safety of each vaccine dose, along with providing reasons influencing their vaccination choices. Additionally, we conducted an experimental manipulation, exploring the effects of four framing messages that emphasized safety and/or efficacy on participants' willingness to receive a hypothetical fourth vaccine dose. Furthermore, participants were asked about their level of trust in the scientific community and public authorities, as well as their use of different information channels for obtaining COVID-19-related information.
    Results: Our study reveals a dynamic shift in vaccine efficacy and safety perceptions throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially influencing vaccination compliance. Initially perceived as more effective than safe, this assessment reversed by the time of the third dose. Beliefs regarding safety, rather than efficacy, played a significant role in anticipating future vaccinations (e.g., the booster dose). Safety-focused messages positively affected vaccination intent, while efficacy-focused messages showed limited impact. We also observed a changing trend in reasons for vaccination, with a decline in infection-related reasons and an increase in social related ones. Furthermore, trust dynamics evolved differently for public authorities and the scientific community.
    Conclusions: Vaccine perception is a dynamic process shaped by evolving factors like efficacy and safety perceptions, trust levels, and individual motivations. Our study sheds light on the complex dynamics that underlie the perception of vaccine safety and efficacy, and their impact on willingness to vaccinate. We discuss these results in light of bounded rationality, loss aversion and classic utility theory.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Italy ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology ; Vaccination Hesitancy/statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Vaccination/psychology ; Vaccination/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult ; Trust ; Choice Behavior ; Aged ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2041338-5
    ISSN 1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
    ISSN (online) 1471-2458
    ISSN 1471-2458
    DOI 10.1186/s12889-024-18511-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Wage inequality, labor income taxes, and the notion of social status

    Bilancini Ennio / Boncinelli Leonardo

    Economics: Journal Articles, Vol 13, Iss

    2019  Volume 1

    Abstract: The authors investigate the desirability of income taxes when the objective is to mitigate wasteful conspicuous consumption generated by people's status-seeking behavior. They consider the joint role of pre-tax wage inequality and of social norms ... ...

    Abstract The authors investigate the desirability of income taxes when the objective is to mitigate wasteful conspicuous consumption generated by people's status-seeking behavior. They consider the joint role of pre-tax wage inequality and of social norms determining how social status is assigned. They find that when social status is ordinal (i.e., only one's rank in the income distribution matters) inequality and taxation are substitutes. Instead, when status is cardinal (i.e., also the shape of the income distribution matters) inequality and taxation can be complements, although the relationship is in general non-monotonic. This is because the value of social status is endogenous, potentially giving rise to a perverse selfreinforcing mechanism where more waste in conspicuous consumption induces a greater competition for status and vice versa.
    Keywords social status ; relative standing ; consumption externalities ; labor income ; income tax ; signalling ; conspicuous consumption ; income inequality ; d6 ; h3 ; j2 ; Social Sciences ; H ; Economics as a science ; HB71-74
    Subject code 338
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher De Gruyter
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Book ; Online: Coevolution of cognition and cooperation in structured populations under reinforcement learning

    Bilancini, Ennio / Boncinelli, Leonardo / Mastrandrea, Rossana

    2023  

    Abstract: We study the evolution of behavior under reinforcement learning in a Prisoner's Dilemma where agents interact in a regular network and can learn about whether they play one-shot or repeatedly by incurring a cost of deliberation. With respect to other ... ...

    Abstract We study the evolution of behavior under reinforcement learning in a Prisoner's Dilemma where agents interact in a regular network and can learn about whether they play one-shot or repeatedly by incurring a cost of deliberation. With respect to other behavioral rules used in the literature, (i) we confirm the existence of a threshold value of the probability of repeated interaction, switching the emergent behavior from intuitive defector to dual-process cooperator; (ii) we find a different role of the node degree, with smaller degrees reducing the evolutionary success of dual-process cooperators; (iii) we observe a higher frequency of deliberation.

    Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures
    Keywords Physics - Physics and Society ; Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory ; Computer Science - Multiagent Systems ; Economics - General Economics
    Publishing date 2023-06-20
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Pairwise interact-and-imitate dynamics.

    Bilancini, Ennio / Boncinelli, Leonardo / Campigotto, Nicola

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 13221

    Abstract: This paper introduces and studies a class of evolutionary dynamics-pairwise interact-and-imitate dynamics (PIID)-in which agents are matched in pairs, engage in a symmetric game, and imitate the opponent with a probability that depends on the difference ... ...

    Abstract This paper introduces and studies a class of evolutionary dynamics-pairwise interact-and-imitate dynamics (PIID)-in which agents are matched in pairs, engage in a symmetric game, and imitate the opponent with a probability that depends on the difference in their payoffs. We provide a condition on the underlying game, named supremacy, and show that the population state in which all agents play the supreme strategy is globally asymptotically stable. We extend the framework to allow for payoff uncertainty, and check the robustness of our results to the introduction of some heterogeneity in the revision protocol followed by agents. Finally, we show that PIID can allow the survival of strictly dominated strategies, leads to the emergence of inefficient conventions in social dilemmas, and makes assortment ineffective in promoting cooperation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-92512-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Wage inequality, labor income taxes, and the notion of social status

    Bilancini, Ennio / Boncinelli, Leonardo

    2019  

    Abstract: The authors investigate the desirability of income taxes when the objective is to mitigate wasteful conspicuous consumption generated by people's status-seeking behavior. They consider the joint role of pre-tax wage inequality and of social norms ... ...

    Abstract The authors investigate the desirability of income taxes when the objective is to mitigate wasteful conspicuous consumption generated by people's status-seeking behavior. They consider the joint role of pre-tax wage inequality and of social norms determining how social status is assigned. They find that when social status is ordinal (i.e., only one's rank in the income distribution matters) inequality and taxation are substitutes. Instead, when status is cardinal (i.e., also the shape of the income distribution matters) inequality and taxation can be complements, although the relationship is in general non-monotonic. This is because the value of social status is endogenous, potentially giving rise to a perverse self-reinforcing mechanism where more waste in conspicuous consumption induces a greater competition for status and viceversa.
    Keywords ddc:330 ; D6 ; H3 ; J2 ; social status ; relative standing ; consumption externalities ; labor income ; income tax ; signalling ; conspicuous consumption ; income inequality
    Subject code 338
    Language English
    Publisher Kiel: Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW)
    Publishing country de
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Assessing Actual Strategic Behavior to Construct a Measure of Strategic Ability.

    Bilancini, Ennio / Boncinelli, Leonardo / Mattiassi, Alan

    Frontiers in psychology

    2019  Volume 9, Page(s) 2750

    Abstract: Strategic interactions have been studied extensively in the area of judgment and decision-making. However, so far no specific measure of a decision-maker's ability to be successful in strategic interactions has been proposed and tested. Our contribution ... ...

    Abstract Strategic interactions have been studied extensively in the area of judgment and decision-making. However, so far no specific measure of a decision-maker's ability to be successful in strategic interactions has been proposed and tested. Our contribution is the development of a measure of strategic ability that borrows from both game theory and psychology. Such measure is aimed at providing an estimation of the likelihood of success in many social activities that involve strategic interaction among multiple decision-makers. To construct a reliable measure of strategic ability, that we propose to call "Strategic Quotient" (SQ), we designed a test where each item is a game and where, therefore, the individual obtained score depends on the distribution of choices of other decision-makers taking the test. The test is designed to provide information on the abilities related to two dimensions, mentalization and rationality, that we argue are crucial to strategic success, with each dimension being characterized by two main factors. Principal component analysis on preliminary data shows that indeed four factors (two for rationality, two for mentalization) account for strategic success in most of the strategically simpler games of the test. Moreover, two more strategically sophisticated games are inserted in the test and are used to investigate if and to what extent the four factors obtained by simpler games can predict strategic success in more sophisticated strategic interactions. Overall, the collected empirical evidence points to the possibility of building a SQ measure using only simple games designed to capture information about the four identified factors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02750
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Dynamic adverse selection and the supply size

    Bilancini, Ennio / Boncinelli, Leonardo

    European economic review : EER Vol. 83 , p. 233-242

    2016  Volume 83, Page(s) 233–242

    Author's details Ennio Bilancini, Leonardo Boncinelli
    Keywords Dynamic adverse selection ; Supply size ; Frequency of exchanges ; Asymmetric information
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier
    Publishing place Amsterdam
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 207969-0 ; 1460589-2
    ISSN 1873-572X ; 0014-2921
    ISSN (online) 1873-572X
    ISSN 0014-2921
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  10. Article ; Online: Strict Nash equilibria in non-atomic games with strict single crossing in players (or types) and actions

    Bilancini, Ennio / Boncinelli, Leonardo

    Economic theory bulletin Vol. 4, No. 1 , p. 95-109

    2016  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 95–109

    Author's details Ennio Bilancini, Leonardo Boncinelli
    Keywords Single crossing ; Strict Nash ; Pure Nash ; Monotone Nash ; Incomplete information ; ESS
    Language English
    Size Online-Ressource
    Publisher Springer Internat. Publ
    Publishing place Cham
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2733052-7
    ISSN 2196-1093 ; 2196-1085
    ISSN (online) 2196-1093
    ISSN 2196-1085
    Database ECONomics Information System

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