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  1. Article ; Online: Dietary fat: a potent microglial influencer.

    Ceasrine, Alexis M / Bilbo, Staci D

    Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 196–205

    Abstract: Poor nutrition, lack of exercise, and genetic predisposition all contribute to the growing epidemic of obesity. Overweight/obesity create an environment of chronic inflammation that leads to negative physiological and neurological outcomes, such as ... ...

    Abstract Poor nutrition, lack of exercise, and genetic predisposition all contribute to the growing epidemic of obesity. Overweight/obesity create an environment of chronic inflammation that leads to negative physiological and neurological outcomes, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and anxiety/depression. While the whole body contributes to metabolic homeostasis, the neuroimmune system has recently emerged as a key regulator of metabolism. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, respond both directly and indirectly to dietary fat, and the environment in which microglia develop contributes to their responsiveness later in life. Thus, high maternal weight during pregnancy may have consequences for microglial function in offspring. Here, we discuss the most recent findings on microglia signaling in overweight/obesity with a focus on perinatal programming.
    MeSH term(s) Dietary Fats/pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Microglia ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Pregnancy
    Chemical Substances Dietary Fats
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1042384-9
    ISSN 1879-3061 ; 1043-2760
    ISSN (online) 1879-3061
    ISSN 1043-2760
    DOI 10.1016/j.tem.2021.12.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The diverse culinary habits of microglia.

    Bilbo, Staci D

    Nature neuroscience

    2018  Volume 21, Issue 8, Page(s) 1023–1025

    MeSH term(s) Brain ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Feeding Behavior ; Habits ; Microglia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1420596-8
    ISSN 1546-1726 ; 1097-6256
    ISSN (online) 1546-1726
    ISSN 1097-6256
    DOI 10.1038/s41593-018-0196-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Microglia and Sensitive Periods in Brain Development.

    Dziabis, Julia E / Bilbo, Staci D

    Current topics in behavioral neurosciences

    2021  Volume 53, Page(s) 55–78

    Abstract: From embryonic neuronal migration to adolescent circuit refinement, the immune system plays an essential role throughout central nervous system (CNS) development. Immune signaling molecules serve as a common language between the immune system and CNS, ... ...

    Abstract From embryonic neuronal migration to adolescent circuit refinement, the immune system plays an essential role throughout central nervous system (CNS) development. Immune signaling molecules serve as a common language between the immune system and CNS, allowing them to work together to modulate brain function both in health and disease. As the resident CNS macrophage, microglia comprise the majority of immune cells in the brain. Much like their peripheral counterparts, microglia survey their environment for pathology, clean up debris, and propagate inflammatory responses when necessary. Beyond this, recent studies have highlighted that microglia perform a number of complex tasks during neural development, from directing neuronal and axonal positioning to pruning synapses, receptors, and even whole cells. In this chapter, we discuss this literature within the framework that immune activation during discrete windows of neural development can profoundly impact brain function long-term, and thus the risk of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this chapter, we review three sensitive developmental periods - embryonic wiring, early postnatal synaptic pruning, and adolescent circuit refinement - in order to highlight the diversity of functions that microglia perform in building a brain. In reviewing this literature, it becomes obvious that timing matters, perhaps more so than the nature of the immune activation itself; largely conserved patterns of microglial response to diverse insults result in different functional impacts depending on the stage of brain maturation at the time of the challenge.
    MeSH term(s) Brain/physiology ; Microglia ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/physiology ; Synapses/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-26
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1866-3370
    ISSN 1866-3370
    DOI 10.1007/7854_2021_242
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Sickness and the Social Brain: Love in the Time of COVID.

    Smith, Caroline J / Bilbo, Staci D

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 633664

    Abstract: As a highly social species, inclusion in social networks and the presence of strong social bonds are critical to our health and well-being. Indeed, impaired social functioning is a component of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, ... ...

    Abstract As a highly social species, inclusion in social networks and the presence of strong social bonds are critical to our health and well-being. Indeed, impaired social functioning is a component of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, our social networks are at risk of fracture and many are vulnerable to the negative consequences of social isolation. Importantly, infection itself leads to changes in social behavior as a component of "sickness behavior." Furthermore, as in the case of COVID-19, males and females often differ in their immunological response to infection, and, therefore, in their susceptibility to negative outcomes. In this review, we discuss the many ways in which infection changes social behavior-sometimes to the benefit of the host, and in some instances for the sake of the pathogen-in species ranging from eusocial insects to humans. We also explore the neuroimmune mechanisms by which these changes in social behavior occur. Finally, we touch upon the ways in which the social environment (group living, social isolation, etc.) shapes the immune system and its ability to respond to challenge. Throughout we emphasize how males and females differ in their response to immune activation, both behaviorally and physiologically.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.633664
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Primetime for microglia: When stress and infection collide.

    Ceasrine, Alexis M / Bilbo, Staci D

    Neuron

    2021  Volume 109, Issue 16, Page(s) 2503–2505

    Abstract: Inflammation during critical windows of development contributes to behavioral affect later in life. In this of Neuron, Cao et al. (2021) demonstrate a novel mechanism through which early life Tlr4-dependent inflammation in microglia permanently alters ... ...

    Abstract Inflammation during critical windows of development contributes to behavioral affect later in life. In this of Neuron, Cao et al. (2021) demonstrate a novel mechanism through which early life Tlr4-dependent inflammation in microglia permanently alters neuronal function and leaves male mice susceptible to stress-induced depressive-like behaviors.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Inflammation ; Male ; Mice ; Microglia ; Neurons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 808167-0
    ISSN 1097-4199 ; 0896-6273
    ISSN (online) 1097-4199
    ISSN 0896-6273
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.07.023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Sex differences in microglial appetites during development: Inferences and implications.

    Bilbo, Staci D

    Brain, behavior, and immunity

    2017  Volume 64, Page(s) 9–10

    MeSH term(s) Appetite ; Female ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Male ; Microglia ; Phagocytosis ; Sex Characteristics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 639219-2
    ISSN 1090-2139 ; 0889-1591
    ISSN (online) 1090-2139
    ISSN 0889-1591
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.05.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Protocol to measure endotoxin from opaque tissues in mice using an optimized kinetic limulus amebocyte lysate assay.

    Ceasrine, Alexis M / Green, Lauren A / Bilbo, Staci D

    STAR protocols

    2022  Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) 101669

    Abstract: Endotoxin accumulation has been widely noted in several pathologies ranging from metabolic dysregulation to bacterial infection. Using limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assays to detect endotoxin load has been the only reliable way to assess endotoxin ... ...

    Abstract Endotoxin accumulation has been widely noted in several pathologies ranging from metabolic dysregulation to bacterial infection. Using limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assays to detect endotoxin load has been the only reliable way to assess endotoxin accumulation, but assays optimized for detection in opaque tissues are still lacking. We optimized a sensitive Kinetic LAL assay for endotoxin detection from murine tissues. In this protocol, we describe tissue collection and homogenization, followed by the procedure to run the assay and data analysis. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Ceasrine et al. (2022).
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Endotoxins/analysis ; Horseshoe Crabs ; Limulus Test/methods ; Biological Assay ; Kinetics
    Chemical Substances Endotoxins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2666-1667
    ISSN (online) 2666-1667
    DOI 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101669
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Stressed-Out T Cells Fragment the Mind.

    Bordt, Evan A / Bilbo, Staci D

    Trends in immunology

    2020  Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) 94–97

    Abstract: The immune system is increasingly recognized to play an integral role in regulating stress responses. In a recent article in Cell, Fan et al. demonstrate a novel mechanism through which stress drives mitochondrial fragmentation-induced xanthine ... ...

    Abstract The immune system is increasingly recognized to play an integral role in regulating stress responses. In a recent article in Cell, Fan et al. demonstrate a novel mechanism through which stress drives mitochondrial fragmentation-induced xanthine accumulation in mouse CD4
    MeSH term(s) ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase ; Acetylation ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Histones ; Humans ; Macrophages ; Mice ; Multienzyme Complexes ; Oxo-Acid-Lyases ; T-Lymphocytes ; Toll-Like Receptors
    Chemical Substances Histones ; Multienzyme Complexes ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE) ; ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase (EC 2.3.3.8) ; Oxo-Acid-Lyases (EC 4.1.3.-) ; citrate (pro-3S)-lyase (EC 4.1.3.6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2036831-8
    ISSN 1471-4981 ; 1471-4906
    ISSN (online) 1471-4981
    ISSN 1471-4906
    DOI 10.1016/j.it.2019.12.008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Sickness and the Social Brain: How the Immune System Regulates Behavior across Species.

    Devlin, Benjamin A / Smith, Caroline J / Bilbo, Staci D

    Brain, behavior and evolution

    2021  Volume 97, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 197–210

    Abstract: Many instances of sickness critically involve the immune system. The immune system talks to the brain in a bidirectional loop. This discourse affords the immune system immense control, such that it can influence behavior and optimize recovery from ... ...

    Abstract Many instances of sickness critically involve the immune system. The immune system talks to the brain in a bidirectional loop. This discourse affords the immune system immense control, such that it can influence behavior and optimize recovery from illness. These behavioral responses to infection are called sickness behaviors and can manifest in many ways, including changes in mood, motivation, or energy. Fascinatingly, most of these changes are conserved across species, and most organisms demonstrate some form of sickness behaviors. One of the most interesting sickness behaviors, and not immediately obvious, is altered sociability. Here, we discuss how the immune system impacts social behavior, by examining the brain regions and immune mediators involved in this process. We first outline how social behavior changes in response to infection in various species. Next, we explore which brain regions control social behavior and their evolutionary origins. Finally, we describe which immune mediators establish the link between illness and social behavior, in the context of both normal development and infection. Overall, we hope to make clear the striking similarities between the mechanisms that facilitate changes in sociability in derived and ancestral vertebrate, as well as invertebrate, species.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain ; Illness Behavior/physiology ; Immune System ; Social Behavior
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1199-x
    ISSN 1421-9743 ; 0006-8977
    ISSN (online) 1421-9743
    ISSN 0006-8977
    DOI 10.1159/000521476
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: The inflammatory event of birth: How oxytocin signaling may guide the development of the brain and gastrointestinal system.

    Kingsbury, Marcy A / Bilbo, Staci D

    Frontiers in neuroendocrinology

    2019  Volume 55, Page(s) 100794

    Abstract: The role of oxytocin (OT) as a neuropeptide that modulates social behavior has been extensively studied and reviewed, but beyond these functions, OT's adaptive functions at birth are quite numerous, as OT coordinates many physiological processes in the ... ...

    Abstract The role of oxytocin (OT) as a neuropeptide that modulates social behavior has been extensively studied and reviewed, but beyond these functions, OT's adaptive functions at birth are quite numerous, as OT coordinates many physiological processes in the mother and fetus to ensure a successful delivery. In this review we explore in detail the potential adaptive roles of oxytocin as an anti-inflammatory, protective molecule at birth for the developing fetal brain and gastrointestinal system based on evidence that birth is a potent inflammatory/immune event. We discuss data with relevance for a number of neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as the emerging role of the gut-brain axis for health and disease. Finally, we discuss the potential relevance of sex differences in OT signaling present at birth in the increased male vulnerability to neurodevelopmental disabilities.
    MeSH term(s) Brain/growth & development ; Brain/immunology ; Brain/metabolism ; Fetal Development/immunology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Inflammation/immunology ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/immunology ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/metabolism ; Oxytocin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Oxytocin (50-56-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 390985-2
    ISSN 1095-6808 ; 0532-7466 ; 0091-3022
    ISSN (online) 1095-6808
    ISSN 0532-7466 ; 0091-3022
    DOI 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100794
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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