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Article ; Online: Visualizing Lipophagy as a New Mechanism of the Synthesis of Sex Steroids in Human Ovary and Testis Using Immunofluorescence Staining Method.

Esmaeilian, Yashar / Yusufoglu, Sevgi / Iltumur, Ece / Bildik, Gamze / Oktem, Ozgur

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2024

Abstract: Immunofluorescence, a transformative tool in cellular biology, is employed to dissect the intricate mechanisms of cholesterol trafficking in human reproductive tissues. Autophagy, a key player in cellular homeostasis, particularly lipophagy, emerges as a ...

Abstract	Immunofluorescence, a transformative tool in cellular biology, is employed to dissect the intricate mechanisms of cholesterol trafficking in human reproductive tissues. Autophagy, a key player in cellular homeostasis, particularly lipophagy, emerges as a free cholesterol source for steroidogenesis. In this chapter, we describe a comprehensive immunofluorescence staining protocol, with details provided for the precise visualization of subcellular dynamics of mitochondria, lysosomes, and lipid droplets in ex vivo testicular tissue and primary luteal granulosa cell culture models, pivotal components in sex steroid biosynthesis. Here, we detail the culture, treatment, and immunofluorescence protocols, providing a comprehensive guide for researchers. The provided immunofluorescence toolkit serves as a valuable resource for researchers, paving way for advancements in human reproductive health to investigate the intricate interplay between autophagy, lipophagy, and cholesterol trafficking.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/7651_2024_520
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of the test-retest and inter-mode comparability of the Impact of Vision Impairment questionnaire in people with chronic eye diseases.

Terheyden, Jan Henrik / Ost, Reglind A D / Behning, Charlotte / Mekschrat, Liza / Bildik, Gamze / Wintergerst, Maximilian W M / Holz, Frank G / Finger, Robert P

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie

2024

Abstract: Purpose: The main objective of this study is to assess the test-retest and inter-administration mode reliability of the Impact of Vision Impairment profile (IVI), a common patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for people with chronic eye diseases.: ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The main objective of this study is to assess the test-retest and inter-administration mode reliability of the Impact of Vision Impairment profile (IVI), a common patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for people with chronic eye diseases. Methods: The IVI was administered to adult patients with stable, chronic eye diseases two to four times per participant (average intervals between administrations 12 to 20 days; maximum two phone interviews, paper administration, electronic administration) by two trained interviewers. Rasch models were fit to the data. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), mean differences and Cronbach's alpha between test-retest administrations (two phone interviews) and inter-mode comparisons were calculated. Results: Two hundred-sixteen patients (mean age 67 ± 12 years, 40% male) were included in the study. The IVI met all psychometric requirements of the Rasch model, and the division into the domains of functional items (IVI_F) and emotional items (IVI_E) corresponded to the German validation study. ICCs (all for IVI_F and IVI_E, respectively) for the retest administrations were 0.938 and 0.912, and 0.853 and 0.893 for inter-mode comparisons phone/paper, 0.939 and 0.930 for phone/electronic, and 0.937 and 0.920 for paper/electronic (all p < 0.01). Mean differences (all for IVI_F and IVI_E, respectively) for the retest administrations were 2.8% and 0.7% and ranged from 2.0% to 6.2% and from 0.4 % to 4.9% between administration modes. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.886 to 0.944 for retest and inter-mode comparisons. Conclusion: Due to the high test-retest reliability and the almost equally high comparability of different modes of administration of the IVI, the study endorses its use as a robust PROM to capture vision-related quality of life. Our results further support the use of the IVI as an endpoint in clinical trials and may simplify implementing it in both clinical trials or real-world evidence generation by offering multiple administration modes with high reliability.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-05
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	8435-9
ISSN	1435-702X ; 0721-832X
ISSN (online)	1435-702X
ISSN	0721-832X
DOI	10.1007/s00417-023-06334-4
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Article ; Online: Autophagy regulates sex steroid hormone synthesis through lysosomal degradation of lipid droplets in human ovary and testis.

Esmaeilian, Yashar / Hela, Francesko / Bildik, Gamze / İltumur, Ece / Yusufoglu, Sevgi / Yildiz, Ceren Sultan / Yakin, Kayhan / Kordan, Yakup / Oktem, Ozgur

Cell death & disease

2023 Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 342

Abstract: Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that aims to maintain the energy homeostasis of the cell by recycling long-lived proteins and organelles. Previous studies documented the role of autophagy in sex steroid hormone biosynthesis in different ... ...

Abstract	Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that aims to maintain the energy homeostasis of the cell by recycling long-lived proteins and organelles. Previous studies documented the role of autophagy in sex steroid hormone biosynthesis in different animal models and human testis. Here we demonstrate in this study that sex steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone are produced through the same autophagy-mediated mechanism in the human ovary in addition to the human testis. In brief, pharmacological inhibition and genetic interruption of autophagy through silencing of autophagy genes (Beclin1 and ATG5) via siRNA and shRNA technologies significantly reduced basal and gonadotropin-stimulated estradiol (E
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Ovary/metabolism ; Testis/metabolism ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Lipid Droplets/metabolism ; Autophagy/genetics ; Lysosomes/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Progesterone (4G7DS2Q64Y)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2541626-1
ISSN	2041-4889 ; 2041-4889
ISSN (online)	2041-4889
ISSN	2041-4889
DOI	10.1038/s41419-023-05864-3
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Article: Preclinical investigations of the efficacy of the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 alone and in combinations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Timofeeva, Natalia / Ayres, Mary L / Baran, Natalia / Santiago-O'Farrill, Janice M / Bildik, Gamze / Lu, Zhen / Konopleva, Marina / Gandhi, Varsha

Frontiers in oncology

2023 Volume 13, Page(s) 1161254

Abstract: Introduction: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells are metabolically flexible and adapt to modern anticancer treatments. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibitors have been widely used to treat CLL, but CLL cells become ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells are metabolically flexible and adapt to modern anticancer treatments. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibitors have been widely used to treat CLL, but CLL cells become resistant to these treatments over time. CB-839 is a small-molecule glutaminase-1 (GLS-1) inhibitor that impairs glutamine use, disrupts downstream energy metabolism, and impedes the elimination of reactive oxygen species. Methods: To investigate the Results: We found that CB-839 caused dose-dependent decreases in GLS-1 activity and glutathione synthesis. CB-839-treated cells also showed increased mitochondrial superoxide metabolism and impaired energy metabolism, which were reflected in decreases in the oxygen consumption rate and depletion of the adenosine triphosphate pool and led to the inhibition of cell proliferation. In the cell lines, CB-839 combined with venetoclax or AZD-5991, but not with ibrutinib, demonstrated synergism with an increased apoptosis rate and cell proliferation inhibition. In the primary lymphocytes, no significant effects of CB-839 alone or in combination with venetoclax, ibrutinib, or AZD-5991 were observed. Discussion: Our findings suggest that CB-839 has limited efficacy in CLL treatment and shows limited synergy in combination with widely used CLL drugs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2649216-7
ISSN	2234-943X
ISSN	2234-943X
DOI	10.3389/fonc.2023.1161254
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Article ; Online: DIRAS3 induces autophagy and enhances sensitivity to anti-autophagic therapy in KRAS-driven pancreatic and ovarian carcinomas.

Bildik, Gamze / Gray, Joshua P / Mao, Weiqun / Yang, Hailing / Ozyurt, Rumeysa / Orellana, Vivian R / De Wever, Olivier / Carey, Mark S / Bast, Robert C / Lu, Zhen

Autophagy

2024 Volume 20, Issue 3, Page(s) 675–691

Abstract: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and low-grade ovarian cancer (LGSOC) are characterized by the prevalence of KRAS oncogene mutations. DIRAS3 is the first endogenous non-RAS protein that heterodimerizes with RAS, disrupts RAS clustering, blocks RAS ...

Abstract	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and low-grade ovarian cancer (LGSOC) are characterized by the prevalence of KRAS oncogene mutations. DIRAS3 is the first endogenous non-RAS protein that heterodimerizes with RAS, disrupts RAS clustering, blocks RAS signaling, and inhibits cancer cell growth. Here, we found that DIRAS3-mediated KRAS inhibition induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in PDAC and LGSOC cells with KRAS mutations, but not in cells with wild-type KRAS, by downregulating NFE2L2/Nrf2 transcription, reducing antioxidants, and inducing oxidative stress. DIRAS3 also induces cytoprotective macroautophagy/autophagy that may protect mutant KRAS cancer cells from oxidative stress, by inhibiting mutant KRAS, activating the STK11/LKB1-PRKAA/AMPK pathway, increasing lysosomal CDKN1B/p27 localization, and inducing autophagic gene expression. Treatment with chloroquine or the novel dimeric chloroquine analog DC661 significantly enhances DIRAS3-mediated inhibition of mutant KRAS tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our study demonstrates that DIRAS3 plays a critical role in regulating mutant KRAS-driven oncogenesis in PDAC and LGSOC.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Autophagy/physiology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology ; Chloroquine/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) (EC 3.6.5.2) ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Chloroquine (886U3H6UFF) ; KRAS protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2454135-7
ISSN	1554-8635 ; 1554-8627
ISSN (online)	1554-8635
ISSN	1554-8627
DOI	10.1080/15548627.2023.2299516
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Article ; Online: In-vitro AMH production of ovarian tissue samples in culture correlates with their primordial follicle pool.

Vatansever, Dogan / İncir, Said / Bildik, Gamze / Taskiran, Cagatay / Oktem, Ozgur

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology

2020 Volume 254, Page(s) 138–140

Abstract: Objective: We aimed to investigate if there is a correlation between in-vitro AMH production and primordial follicle reserve of the ovarian cortical samples in culture.: Methods: Seven patients undergoing laparoscopic excision of ovarian dermoid ... ...

Abstract	Objective: We aimed to investigate if there is a correlation between in-vitro AMH production and primordial follicle reserve of the ovarian cortical samples in culture. Methods: Seven patients undergoing laparoscopic excision of ovarian dermoid cysts were included in the study. 0.5 × 0.5 cm of ovarian cortical samples embedded within the cyst wall were removed and cultured for one day. Then, the cultured cortical pieces were fixed, paraffin-embedded and serially sectioned for histormorphometric analysis. AMH and estradiol (E Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.2 ± 6.8 (ranging from 18 to 36). There was a negative correlation between age and PF density (r=-0.92, %95CI: -0.99 to -0.76, p < 0.001). In-vitro AMH level of the cortical samples was significantly associated with age (R Conclusions: This histomorphometric study provides evidence that in-vitro AMH production of the ovarian cortical samples reflects primordial follicle pool of the samples.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Follicle ; Ovary
Chemical Substances	Estrogens ; Estradiol (4TI98Z838E) ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone (80497-65-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-21
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	190605-7
ISSN	1872-7654 ; 0301-2115 ; 0028-2243
ISSN (online)	1872-7654
ISSN	0301-2115 ; 0028-2243
DOI	10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.09.002
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Article ; Online: DIRAS3: An Imprinted Tumor Suppressor Gene that Regulates RAS and PI3K-driven Cancer Growth, Motility, Autophagy, and Tumor Dormancy.

Bildik, Gamze / Liang, Xiaowen / Sutton, Margie N / Bast, Robert C / Lu, Zhen

Molecular cancer therapeutics

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 25–37

Abstract: DIRAS3 is an imprinted tumor suppressor gene that encodes a 26 kDa GTPase with 60% amino acid homology to RAS, but with a distinctive 34 amino acid N-terminal extension required to block RAS function. DIRAS3 is maternally imprinted and expressed only ... ...

Abstract	DIRAS3 is an imprinted tumor suppressor gene that encodes a 26 kDa GTPase with 60% amino acid homology to RAS, but with a distinctive 34 amino acid N-terminal extension required to block RAS function. DIRAS3 is maternally imprinted and expressed only from the paternal allele in normal cells. Loss of expression can occur in a single "hit" through multiple mechanisms. Downregulation of DIRAS3 occurs in cancers of the ovary, breast, lung, prostate, colon, brain, and thyroid. Reexpression of DIRAS3 inhibits signaling through PI3 kinase/AKT, JAK/STAT, and RAS/MAPK, blocking malignant transformation, inhibiting cancer cell growth and motility, and preventing angiogenesis. DIRAS3 is a unique endogenous RAS inhibitor that binds directly to RAS, disrupting RAS dimers and clusters, and preventing RAS-induced transformation. DIRAS3 is essential for autophagy and triggers this process through multiple mechanisms. Reexpression of DIRAS3 induces dormancy in a nu/nu mouse xenograft model of ovarian cancer, inhibiting cancer cell growth and angiogenesis. DIRAS3-mediated induction of autophagy facilitates the survival of dormant cancer cells in a nutrient-poor environment. DIRAS3 expression in dormant, drug-resistant autophagic cancer cells can serve as a biomarker and as a target for novel therapy to eliminate the residual disease that remains after conventional therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Autophagy ; Female ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor/physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; ras Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	ras Proteins (EC 3.6.5.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2063563-1
ISSN	1538-8514 ; 1535-7163
ISSN (online)	1538-8514
ISSN	1535-7163
DOI	10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-21-0331
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Article: A comparative molecular analysis of DNA damage response, cell cycle progression, viability and apoptosis of malignant granulosa cells exposed to gemcitabine and cisplatin

Bildik, Gamze / Esmaeilian, Yashar / Vatansever, Dogan / Bilir, Esra / Taskiran, Cagatay / Oktem, Ozgur

Molecular biology reports. 2020 May, v. 47, no. 5

2020

Abstract: We aimed to provide a comparative characterization of DNA damage response elements, survival/apoptosis and cell cycle progression of the malignant granulosa cells exposed to gemcitabine and cisplatin. Malignant granulosa tumor cell lines COV434 and KGN ... ...

Abstract	We aimed to provide a comparative characterization of DNA damage response elements, survival/apoptosis and cell cycle progression of the malignant granulosa cells exposed to gemcitabine and cisplatin. Malignant granulosa tumor cell lines COV434 and KGN were used for the experiments. Cell viability, proliferation, DNA damage response and apoptosis were investigated. Cell cycle progression was assessed. In vitro estradiol (E₂) and AMH productions of the cells were measured. Exposure of asynchronous malignant granulosa cells to gemcitabine caused growth arrest, induced DNA damage and activated cellular stress pathways, cell cycle checkpoint sensors and triggered apoptosis as evidenced by increased expression of phospho-p38, γ-histone H2AX, phospho-Chk-1/phospho-Chk-2, and cleaved forms of PARP and caspase-3 in a dose dependent manner. In vitro E₂ and AMH productions of the cells were decreased along with reduction in viable cell mass. Cisplatin treatment produced a similar response but it was associated with JNK activation rather than p38. When the cells were synchronized and treated with gemcitabine at G₂/M transition, the degradation of cyclin B1 and dephosphorylation of cdc-2 at Tyr 15 residue did not occur, resulting in cycle arrest. Similar effects on cell cycle progression was also observed in cisplatin. However, it was associated with JNK activation and higher expression of γ-histone H2AX and cleaved forms of caspase-3 and PARP, indicative of more extensive DNA damage and apoptosis in the cells. This descriptive study provides evidence that gemcitabine exerts cytotoxic effects and causes perturbations in cell cycle progression of malignant granulosa cells.
Keywords	DNA damage ; apoptosis ; caspase-3 ; cell cycle checkpoints ; cell viability ; cisplatin ; cyclins ; cytotoxicity ; dephosphorylation ; descriptive studies ; dose response ; estradiol ; molecular biology ; neoplasm cells
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-05
Size	p. 3789-3796.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	186544-4
ISSN	1573-4978 ; 0301-4851
ISSN (online)	1573-4978
ISSN	0301-4851
DOI	10.1007/s11033-020-05426-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Sphingosine-1-phosphate reduces atresia of primordial follicles occurring during slow-freezing and thawing of human ovarian cortical strips.

Guzel, Yilmaz / Bildik, Gamze / Dilege, Ece / Oktem, Ozgur

Molecular reproduction and development

2018 Volume 85, Issue 11, Page(s) 858–864

Abstract: We aimed in this study to explore if sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) reduces apoptosis of primordial follicles during cryopreservation of human ovarian cortical samples. Ovarian cortical tissue fragments obtained from young patients who underwent ... ...

Abstract	We aimed in this study to explore if sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) reduces apoptosis of primordial follicles during cryopreservation of human ovarian cortical samples. Ovarian cortical tissue fragments obtained from young patients who underwent laparoscopic excision of benign ovarian cysts were used for the experiments. The samples were slow-frozen and thawed with and without S1P at 200 and 400 μM, cultured for 1 day, and then were fixed and processed for both histomorphological assessment and detection of apoptosis with immunohistochemistry using apoptosis marker cleaved caspase-3. Follicle counts were expressed as the mean number of follicles per mm
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Cryopreservation ; Estradiol/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lysophospholipids/metabolism ; Oocytes/cytology ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology ; Ovarian Follicle/metabolism ; Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives ; Sphingosine/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Lysophospholipids ; sphingosine 1-phosphate (26993-30-6) ; Estradiol (4TI98Z838E) ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone (80497-65-0) ; CASP3 protein, human (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Sphingosine (NGZ37HRE42)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	20321-x
ISSN	1098-2795 ; 1040-452X
ISSN (online)	1098-2795
ISSN	1040-452X
DOI	10.1002/mrd.23043
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Article ; Online: Sphingosine-1-phosphate protects human ovarian follicles from apoptosis in vitro.

Guzel, Yilmaz / Bildik, Gamze / Oktem, Ozgur

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology

2018 Volume 222, Page(s) 19–24

Abstract: Objective(s): We aimed to analyze if anti-apoptotic agent sphingosine-1-phosphate offers protection against in vitro follicle atresia during culture of human ovarian cortical samples.: Study design: A translational research study of ex-vivo and in- ... ...

Abstract	Objective(s): We aimed to analyze if anti-apoptotic agent sphingosine-1-phosphate offers protection against in vitro follicle atresia during culture of human ovarian cortical samples. Study design: A translational research study of ex-vivo and in-vitro models of human ovarian tissue. Material and methods: Ovarian cortical tissue fragments (1 × 0.5 cm) were obtained from young patients (n = 15 mean age ± SD: 29.4 ± 2.5) undergoing laparoscopic excision of benign ovarian cysts. The samples were cultured for 4 days in 24-well format culture plate using conventional culture techniques. S1P was added to culture media at 200 and 400 μM concentrations. At the end of culture period the samples were processed for both histomorphological assessment and detection of apoptosis with immunohistochemistry and western blot methods using apoptosis marker cleaved caspase-3. In vitro estradiol (E Results: The mean numbers of primordial and secondary follicles were 3.2 ± 0.4 and 0.7 ± 0.2 respectively, in the fresh fixed uncultured samples. After four days of culture their numbers were significantly decreased to 0.8 ± 0.2 (p < 0.01) and 0.1 ± 0.05 (p < 0.05) respectively, in the control samples cultured without S1P compared to fresh fixed samples. S1P treatment decreased follicle atresia and significantly higher number of primordials (2.3 ± 0.3, p < 0.01) and secondary follicles (0.5 ± 0.1, p < 0.05) survived in the samples after 4 day culture period compared to those cultured without S1P. In line with this there was dose-dependent decrease in the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 on western blot and in the number of apoptotic follicles stained positive for cleaved caspase-3 on immunohistochemistry in the samples incubated with S1P at 200 and 400 μM concentrations. Furthermore, those samples incubated with S1P produced significantly higher amounts of E Conclusions: These results suggest that S1P promotes follicle survival in human ovarian cortical samples in vitro.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone/metabolism ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Down-Regulation/drug effects ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Estradiol/metabolism ; Female ; Follicular Atresia/drug effects ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lysophospholipids/pharmacology ; Ovarian Cysts/pathology ; Ovarian Cysts/surgery ; Ovarian Follicle/drug effects ; Ovarian Follicle/metabolism ; Ovarian Follicle/pathology ; Protective Agents/pharmacology ; Proteolysis/drug effects ; Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives ; Sphingosine/pharmacology ; Tissue Culture Techniques
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Lysophospholipids ; Protective Agents ; sphingosine 1-phosphate (26993-30-6) ; Estradiol (4TI98Z838E) ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone (80497-65-0) ; CASP3 protein, human (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Sphingosine (NGZ37HRE42)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-06
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	190605-7
ISSN	1872-7654 ; 0301-2115 ; 0028-2243
ISSN (online)	1872-7654
ISSN	0301-2115 ; 0028-2243
DOI	10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.01.001
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