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  1. Article ; Online: Association Between Erectile Dysfunction and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

    Dipesh Tamrakar / Dinesh Singh Bhatt / Vijay Kumar Sharma / Amod Kumar Poudyal / Binod Kumar Yadav

    Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, Vol 19, Iss

    2021  Volume 2

    Abstract: Background: Erectile dysfunction is a distressing complication of diabetes among male patients. Despite being a serious concern affecting sexual health, the issue regarding sexual dysfunction is seldom discussed by patients with physicians in developing ... ...

    Abstract Background: Erectile dysfunction is a distressing complication of diabetes among male patients. Despite being a serious concern affecting sexual health, the issue regarding sexual dysfunction is seldom discussed by patients with physicians in developing countries. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of Erectile dysfunction and its association with other risk factors among type 2 Diabetic males attending the tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out in the Diabetes Out Patient Department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. 160 male patients with a history of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study with informed consent. A validated questionnaire; an abridge 5 item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF 5) was used to assess the erectile function where the score below 22 was considered as having erectile dysfunction. The severity of erectile dysfunction was categorized based on IIEF 5 score. Results: The prevalence of erectile dysfunction with varying degrees of severity was found to be 76.87% among T2DM male patients. There was a significant negative correlation of the IIEF5 Score with the duration of T2DM burden (r= -0.416, p<0.05) and the level of HbA1c (r= -0.391, p<0.05). Conclusions: There was a higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction among T2DM male patients that were also associated with poor glycemic control and the duration of T2DM burden. Keywords: Erectile dysfunction; international index of erectile function; type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nepal Health Research Council
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Estimation of mean population salt intakes using spot urine samples and associations with body mass index, hypertension, raised blood sugar and hypercholesterolemia

    Saroj Bhattarai / Bihungum Bista / Binod Kumar Yadav / Pradip Gynawali / Anil Poudyal / Anjani Kumar Jha / Meghnath Dhimal

    PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 4, p e

    Findings from STEPS Survey 2019, Nepal.

    2022  Volume 0266662

    Abstract: Background High dietary salt intake is recognized as a risk factor for several non-communicable diseases (NCDs), in particular cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including heart attack and stroke. Accurate measurement of population level salt intake is ... ...

    Abstract Background High dietary salt intake is recognized as a risk factor for several non-communicable diseases (NCDs), in particular cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including heart attack and stroke. Accurate measurement of population level salt intake is essential for setting targeted goals and plans for salt reduction strategies. We used a spot urine sample to estimate the mean population salt intake in Nepal and evaluated the association of salt intake with excess weight, hypertension, raised blood sugar and hypercholesterolemia, and a number of socio-demographic characteristics. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out from February to May 2019 using a WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance. Spot urine was collected from 4361 participants aged 15-69 years for the analysis of salt intake. We then used the INTERSALT equation to calculate population salt intake. Student's 't' test, one-way ANOVA and multivariable linear regression were used to assess the association between salt intake and a number of factors. Statistical significance was accepted at P < .05. Results The average (±SD) age of participants was 40 (14.1) years. Mean salt intake, derived from spot urine samples, was estimated to be 9.1g/d. A total of 70.8% of the population consumed more than the WHO's recommended amount of 5g salt per day, with almost one third of the population (29%) consuming more than 10g of salt per day. Higher salt intake was significantly associated with male gender (β for male = 0.98g; 95%CI:0.87,1.1) and younger age groups (β25-39 years = 0.08; 95%CI:-0.08,0.23) and higher BMI (β = 0.19; 95%CI:0.18,0.21). Participants who were hypertensive and had raised blood cholesterol consumed less salt than people who had normal blood pressure and cholesterol levels (P<0.001). Conclusions Salt consumption in Nepal is high, with a total of 70.8% of the population having a mean salt intake >5g/d, well above the World Health Organization recommendation. High salt intake was found to be associated with sex, age group, education, province, BMI, and raised cholesterol level of participants These findings build a strong case for action to reduce salt consumption in Nepal in order to achieve the global target of 30% reduction in population salt intake by 2025.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Estimation of mean population salt intakes using spot urine samples and associations with body mass index, hypertension, raised blood sugar and hypercholesterolemia

    Saroj Bhattarai / Bihungum Bista / Binod Kumar Yadav / Pradip Gynawali / Anil Poudyal / Anjani Kumar Jha / Meghnath Dhimal

    PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss

    Findings from STEPS Survey 2019, Nepal

    2022  Volume 4

    Abstract: Background High dietary salt intake is recognized as a risk factor for several non-communicable diseases (NCDs), in particular cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including heart attack and stroke. Accurate measurement of population level salt intake is ... ...

    Abstract Background High dietary salt intake is recognized as a risk factor for several non-communicable diseases (NCDs), in particular cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including heart attack and stroke. Accurate measurement of population level salt intake is essential for setting targeted goals and plans for salt reduction strategies. We used a spot urine sample to estimate the mean population salt intake in Nepal and evaluated the association of salt intake with excess weight, hypertension, raised blood sugar and hypercholesterolemia, and a number of socio-demographic characteristics. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out from February to May 2019 using a WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance. Spot urine was collected from 4361 participants aged 15–69 years for the analysis of salt intake. We then used the INTERSALT equation to calculate population salt intake. Student’s ‘t’ test, one-way ANOVA and multivariable linear regression were used to assess the association between salt intake and a number of factors. Statistical significance was accepted at P < .05. Results The average (±SD) age of participants was 40 (14.1) years. Mean salt intake, derived from spot urine samples, was estimated to be 9.1g/d. A total of 70.8% of the population consumed more than the WHO’s recommended amount of 5g salt per day, with almost one third of the population (29%) consuming more than 10g of salt per day. Higher salt intake was significantly associated with male gender (β for male = 0.98g; 95%CI:0.87,1.1) and younger age groups (β25–39 years = 0.08; 95%CI:-0.08,0.23) and higher BMI (β = 0.19; 95%CI:0.18,0.21). Participants who were hypertensive and had raised blood cholesterol consumed less salt than people who had normal blood pressure and cholesterol levels (P<0.001). Conclusions Salt consumption in Nepal is high, with a total of 70.8% of the population having a mean salt intake >5g/d, well above the World Health Organization recommendation. High salt intake was found to be associated with sex, age group, education, province, BMI, and raised cholesterol level of participants These findings build a strong case for action to reduce salt consumption in Nepal in order to achieve the global target of 30% reduction in population salt intake by 2025.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Effect of ABCA1-R219K Polymorphism in Serum Lipid Parameters in Patients under Statin Therapy Visiting Tertiary Cardiac Center of Nepal

    Sapana Ghimire / Binod Kumar Yadav / Sweta Shrestha / Jivan Shakya / Chandra Mani Poudel / Eans Tara Tuladhar / Vijay Kumar Sharma / Mithilesh Raut / Aseem Bhattarai / Krishna Das Manandhar / Vivek Pant / Deependra Shrestha

    Journal of Laboratory Physicians, Vol

    2023  Volume 15

    Abstract: Introduction ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) encoded by ABCA1 gene is one of the important protein involved in lipid metabolism. The effect of statin therapy on dyslipidemia varies among individuals and it may be due to different genetic ... ...

    Abstract Introduction ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) encoded by ABCA1 gene is one of the important protein involved in lipid metabolism. The effect of statin therapy on dyslipidemia varies among individuals and it may be due to different genetic polymorphism. The R219K polymorphism of ABCA1 gene is found to have a significant role in the response of statin. Objective This study was designed to evaluate the effect of R219K polymorphism in lipid-lowering action of statin in patients with dyslipidemia. Material and Methods This study was conducted in 88 patients. Blood samples were taken from patients before and at the end of 3 months of statin use and were analyzed for lipid profile. Whole blood was analyzed for R219K Polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results R219K polymorphism was associated with significant percentage reduction of serum triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (TC/HDL) ratio in atorvastatin users. However, there was no significant association of polymorphism with change in serum TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Among KK genotype individuals, value of TG, VLDL, TG/HDL, and TC/HDL were significantly lower than in RR genotypes. Also, TG/HDL and TC/HDL were significantly lower in RK genotype than in RR. Treatment of dyslipidemia with statin was found to be comparatively better in patients having the genotypes KK and RK. Conclusion Our study demonstrated association of R219K polymorphism with the significant reduction of TG/HDL and TC/HDL and particularly the KK genotype was associated with significant improvement of lipid parameters following atorvastatin treatment.
    Keywords r219k polymorphism ; pcr-rflp ; lipid profile ; single-nucleotide polymorphisms ; dyslipidemia ; atorvastatin ; statin therapy ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Does Vitamin D has Preventive or Treatment Potential to Covid-19 Illness?

    Akash Mishra / Eans Tara Tuladhar / Vijay Kumar Sharma / Mithileshwor Raut / Aseem Bhattarai / Man Kumar Tamang / Binod Kumar Yadav

    Journal of Nobel Medical College, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 67-

    A Brief Review

    2021  Volume 74

    Abstract: The world’s health in 2020 was in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic and its adverse consequences and is still continuing in 2021. Most countries have been locked down or going through different forms of lockdown to prevent the transmission of the ... ...

    Abstract The world’s health in 2020 was in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic and its adverse consequences and is still continuing in 2021. Most countries have been locked down or going through different forms of lockdown to prevent the transmission of the infectious virus SARS-CoV-2. To date, there is no specific treatment or vaccination preventive measures. World Health Organization has approved few vaccines for emergency use. Still, the emergence of mutations within SARS-CoV has put forward challenges for vaccine developers. Whether infectious or non-infectious, all diseases have an inflammatory aspect to alarm the body system along with an anti-inflammatory counterbalance mechanism to minimize harmful effects whether through immune modulation or antioxidant reserves. An approach to counteract the novel disease, COVID19, was also sought in enhancing the anti-inflammatory aspect, at the level of prevention and at the level of treatment. One of the methodologies was the recommendation of micronutrient Vitamin D whose immune-modulatory role has been well appreciated in many disease conditions. This short review aims to explore the relationship between vitamin D status through susceptibility and clinical outcomes of COVID-19.
    Keywords covid-19 pandemic ; immunity ; vitamin d deficiency ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Distribution of Hemoglobinopathy in Nepalese Population

    Rekha Manandhar Shrestha / Roshan Pandit / Udaya Kumar Yadav / Rameshwar Das / Binod Kumar Yadav / Harish Chandra Upreti

    Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, Vol 18, Iss

    2020  Volume 1

    Abstract: Background: Sickle cell and thalassemia are the inherited disorders of globin chain synthesis, and are the most common monogenic disease worldwide. This study aims to find the distribution of hemoglobinopathies (sickle cell and thalassemia) cases in ... ...

    Abstract Background: Sickle cell and thalassemia are the inherited disorders of globin chain synthesis, and are the most common monogenic disease worldwide. This study aims to find the distribution of hemoglobinopathies (sickle cell and thalassemia) cases in Nepal using laboratory based data. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out at five different sites of Nepal Government that uses capillary electrophoresis for screening of hemoglobin disorders from January 2019 to March 2019. All the cases diagnosed positive for hemoglobinopathy till December 2018 were collected from laboratory record at each sites, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0). Results: Out of total 4018 patients tested during the period in all five different sites, 1470 were diagnosed positive for hemoglobinopathy. Sickling disorder was the most predominant hemoglobinopathy followed by ?-thalassemia. Province 5, province 6 and province 7 were mostly affected by sickling disorder while the other provinces by ?-thalassemia. Conclusions: Sickle cell is the commonest cause of hemoglobinopathy followed by B thallesmias in Nepalese population. Sickle cell is more concentrated towards western part of Nepal and especially in Tharu ethnic population. In contrast, the distribution of ?-thalassemia is found throughout the country and among all ethnic groups of population. Keywords: Hemoglobinopathy; Nepal; sickle cell; thalassemia
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 910
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nepal Health Research Council
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Molecular dynamics approach to the I431V mutational impact on thyroid hormone receptor-beta

    Tika Ram Lamichhane / Sharma Paudel / Binod Kumar Yadav / Hari Prasad Lamichhane

    Bibechana, Vol 16, Iss 0, Pp 79-

    2018  Volume 91

    Abstract: The point mutations like I431V on thyroid hormone receptor-beta (THR-β) gene cause resistance to thyroid hormones (RTH) with the clinical diagnosis of elevated free triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxin (T4) but not suppressed thyroid stimulating ... ...

    Abstract The point mutations like I431V on thyroid hormone receptor-beta (THR-β) gene cause resistance to thyroid hormones (RTH) with the clinical diagnosis of elevated free triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxin (T4) but not suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on the blood serum. Some ultrasonographic (USG) reports of the patients with RTH show thyroid gland disorder with goiter or nodule(s) or cyst(s) and some USG reports even with RTH are normal. I431V-mutant causes more steric hindrance while binding T3 into THR-β than the native wild type THRT3. The residue on the 431-codon is dynamic in nature showing its flexibility over the course of entry and release of T3-hormone into/from the ligand binding pocket. The more increased solvent accessible surface area of I431V-mutant than that of native I431-residue makes the partial unfolding of the globular THR-β protein. The smaller height of radial distribution function between I431-mutant and T3 shows the decrease in probability of finding the atomic particles nearby T3-hormone in THRT3-MT than in THRT3-WT. The electrostatic interaction energy between native I431 and T3 is negative, but it is positive between I431V and T3. Moreover, the internal energy of I431V-mutant has been found smaller than that of native I431-residue in THRT3 systems. BIBECHANA 16 (2019) 79-91
    Keywords Thyroid hormone receptor ; resistance to thyroid hormones ; point mutation ; interaction energy ; internal energy ; Technology ; T ; Technology (General) ; T1-995 ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Department of Physics, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Detection of TEM and CTX-M Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Clinical Specimens at Tertiary Care Heart Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

    Ram Shankar Prasad Sah / Binod Dhungel / Binod Kumar Yadav / Nabaraj Adhikari / Upendra Thapa Shrestha / Binod Lekhak / Megha Raj Banjara / Bipin Adhikari / Prakash Ghimire / Komal Raj Rijal

    Diseases, Vol 9, Iss 1, p

    2021  Volume 15

    Abstract: Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Gram-negative pathogens, predominantly ESBL-producing clinical isolates, are increasing worldwide. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing clinical isolates, their ... ...

    Abstract Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Gram-negative pathogens, predominantly ESBL-producing clinical isolates, are increasing worldwide. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing clinical isolates, their antibiogram, and the frequency of ESBL genes ( bla TEM and bla CTX-M ) in the clinical samples from patients. Methods: A total of 1065 clinical specimens from patients suspected of heart infections were collected between February and August 2019. Bacterial isolates were identified on colony morphology and biochemical properties. Thus, obtained clinical isolates were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method, while ESBL producers were identified by using a combination disk diffusion method. ESBL positive isolates were further assessed using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the ESBL genes bla TEM and bla CTX-M . Results: Out of 1065 clinical specimens, 17.8% (190/1065) showed bacterial growth. Among 190 bacterial isolates, 57.4% (109/190) were Gram-negative bacteria. Among 109 Gram-negative bacteria, 40.3% (44/109) were E. coli , and 30.2% (33/109) were K. pneumoniae . In AST, 57.7% ( n = 63) Gram-negative bacterial isolates were resistant to ampicillin and 47.7% ( n = 52) were resistant to nalidixic acid. Over half of the isolates (51.3%; 56/109) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Of 44 E. coli , 27.3% (12/44) were ESBL producers. Among ESBL producer E. coli isolates, 58.4% (7/12) tested positive for the bla CTX-M gene and 41.6% (5/12) tested positive for the bla TEM gene. Conclusion: Half of the Gram-negative bacteria in our study were MDR. Routine identification of an infectious agent followed by AST is critical to optimize the treatment and prevent antimicrobial resistance.
    Keywords uropathogenic E. coli ; ESBL ; antimicrobial resistance ; Temoneira (TEM) ; Cefotaximase ; bla CTX-M ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610 ; 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: The mRNA Expression Status of Dopamine Receptor D2, Dopamine Receptor D3 and DARPP-32 in T Lymphocytes of Patients with Early Psychosis

    Yin Cui / Vishwanath Prabhu / Thong Ba Nguyen / Binod Kumar Yadav / Young-Chul Chung

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 16, Iss 11, Pp 26677-

    2015  Volume 26686

    Abstract: Peripheral blood lymphocytes are an attractive tool because there is accumulating evidence indicating that lymphocytes may be utilized as a biomarker in the field of psychiatric study as they could reveal the condition of cells distributed in the brain. ... ...

    Abstract Peripheral blood lymphocytes are an attractive tool because there is accumulating evidence indicating that lymphocytes may be utilized as a biomarker in the field of psychiatric study as they could reveal the condition of cells distributed in the brain. Here, we measured the mRNA expression status of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), DRD3, and dopamine and cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate regulated phosphoprotein-32 (DARPP-32) in T lymphocytes of patients with early psychosis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and explored the relationships between their mRNA levels and the psychopathological status of patients. The present study demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of DRD3 in T lymphocytes were significantly different among controls, and in patients with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (NOS) and schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder. However, no significant differences in mRNA expression levels of DRD2 and DARPP-32 were found among the three groups. We found a significant positive correlation between the DRD2 mRNA level and the score of the excited factor of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in patients with schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder. These findings suggest that DRD3 mRNA levels may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker differentiating patients with early psychosis from controls.
    Keywords early psychosis ; T lymphocytes ; mRNA ; DRD2 ; DRD3 ; DARPP-32 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Serum uric acid level in newly diagnosed essential hypertension in a Nepalese population

    Bibek Poudel / Binod Kumar Yadav / Arun Kumar / Bharat Jha / Kanak Bahadur Raut

    Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 59-

    A hospital based cross sectional study

    2014  Volume 64

    Abstract: Objective: To develop the missing link between hyperuricemia and hypertension. Methods: The study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with Nephrology Unit of Internal Medicine Department. Hypertension was defined according to ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To develop the missing link between hyperuricemia and hypertension. Methods: The study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with Nephrology Unit of Internal Medicine Department. Hypertension was defined according to blood pressure readings by definitions of the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee. Totally 205 newly diagnosed and untreated essential hypertensive cases and age-sex matched normotensive controls were enrolled in the study. The potential confounding factors of hyperuricemia and hypertension in both cases and controls were controlled. Uric acid levels in all participants were analyzed. Results: Renal function between newly diagnosed hypertensive cases and normotensive healthy controls were adjusted. The mean serum uric acid observed in newly diagnosed hypertensive cases and in normotensive healthy controls were (290.05±87.05) μmol/L and (245.24±99.38) μmol/L respectively. A total of 59 (28.8%) participants of cases and 28 (13.7%) participants of controls had hyperuricemia (odds ratio 2.555 (95% CI: 1.549–4.213), P<0.001). Conclusions: The mean serum uric acid levels and number of hyperuricemic subjects were found to be significantly higher in cases when compared to controls.
    Keywords Newly diagnosed hypertension ; Serum uric acid ; Hyperuricemia ; Joint National Committee ; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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