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  1. Article ; Online: Predictors of diarrhea among children under 24 months in Nepal

    Bipin Thapa / Suman Sapkota / Yifei Hu

    PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 7, p e

    A multilevel analysis of multiple indicator cluster survey 2019.

    2023  Volume 0287974

    Abstract: Background Diarrhea has remained an unmet challenge in global child health. Its severity may be worse than reported in resource-limited settings. Understanding changing epidemiology is critical to combat diarrheal morbidity. Therefore, this study aimed ... ...

    Abstract Background Diarrhea has remained an unmet challenge in global child health. Its severity may be worse than reported in resource-limited settings. Understanding changing epidemiology is critical to combat diarrheal morbidity. Therefore, this study aimed to understand factors associated with diarrhea among under two years children in Nepal. Methods A total of 2,348 samples from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019 were used to estimate the significant child, maternal, household and external environmental predictors of diarrhea using multilevel analysis. Results The prevalence of diarrhea was 11.9% (95% CI: 10.2%-13.6%). Children residing in Koshi Province [AOR (Adjusted Odds Ratio): 2.23, 95% CI: 1.22-4.08], Karnali Province (AOR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.11-4.70), and Sudurpaschim Province (AOR: 4.49, 95% CI: 2.39-8.42) were at higher risk of diarrhea. Children aged 7-23 months (AOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.10-2.20), children with ARI symptoms (AOR: 4.14, 95% CI: 2.21-7.72) and children whose mothers had no access to prenatal care (AOR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.01-3.45) had a higher risk of diarrhea. Children from below the richest household wealth group (AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.01-3.08) and those from households practicing open defecation, with unimproved or limited sanitation facilities (AOR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.09-2.11) were more likely to have diarrhea. Conclusion The findings underscore the need for public health policy-makers to improve sanitation facilities, especially focusing on poor households from Karnali and Sudurpaschim Provinces practicing open defecation to protect the children from the life risk of diarrhea in Nepal.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Depression, anxiety and stress among high school students

    Anita Karki / Bipin Thapa / Pranil Man Singh Pradhan / Prem Basel

    PLOS Global Public Health, Vol 2, Iss 5, p e

    A cross-sectional study in an urban municipality of Kathmandu, Nepal.

    2022  Volume 0000516

    Abstract: Depression and anxiety are the most widely recognized mental issues affecting youths. It is extremely important to investigate the burden and associated risk factors of these common mental disorders to combat them. Therefore, this study was undertaken ... ...

    Abstract Depression and anxiety are the most widely recognized mental issues affecting youths. It is extremely important to investigate the burden and associated risk factors of these common mental disorders to combat them. Therefore, this study was undertaken with the aim to estimate the prevalence and identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in an urban municipality of Kathmandu, Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 453 students of five randomly selected high schools in Tokha Municipality of Kathmandu. Previously validated Nepali version of depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) was used to assess the level of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress (DAS). Multivariable logistic regression was carried out to decide statistically significant variables of symptoms of DAS at p-value<0.05. The overall prevalence of DAS was found to be 56.5% (95% CI: 51.8%, 61.1%), 55.6% (95%CI: 50.9%, 60.2%) and 32.9% (95%CI: 28.6%, 37.4%) respectively. In the multivariable model, nuclear family type, students from science or humanities faculty, presence of perceived academic stress, and being electronically bullied were found to be significantly associated with depression. Female sex, having mother with no formal education, students from science or humanities faculty and presence of perceived academic stress were significantly associated with anxiety. Likewise, female sex, currently living without parents, and presence of perceived academic stress were significantly associated with stress. Prevention and control activities such as school-based counseling services focusing to reduce and manage academic stress and electronic bullying are recommended in considering the findings of this research.
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Usage of IoT Framework in Water Supply Management for Smart City in Nepal

    Ganesh Gautam / Gajendra Sharma / Bipin Thapa Magar / Bhanu Shrestha / Seongsoo Cho / Changho Seo

    Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 5662, p

    2021  Volume 5662

    Abstract: An efficient water supply management system can be one of the applications of the Internet of Things (IoT). Water is a basic physiological need, and smart management of water plays a significant role in a smart city. This paper focuses on a mathematical ... ...

    Abstract An efficient water supply management system can be one of the applications of the Internet of Things (IoT). Water is a basic physiological need, and smart management of water plays a significant role in a smart city. This paper focuses on a mathematical model and IoT framework that aid in developing a smart city. A framework is developed for water supply management. The efficiency of the water supply can be measured by monitoring leakage conditions, overflow of water, automatic meter reading and online bill payments, and water consumption status of households, community, state, and eventually the whole country as well as the automatic water supply line cut-off. The system where the IoT is being deployed consists of embedded hardware in which sensors and microcontrollers provide messages and gain feedback from each other with the help of the internet, and this process can not only be monitored but also can be controlled from a remote location. The developed framework addresses all these aspects and mathematical equations are used and formulated while developing the IoT application. The mathematical equations are concentrated on consumption level (CL), leakage reporting (LR), and bill amount (BA) based on consumption. These become the point of contact for deploying IoT and eventually a framework is developed. This framework can be useful not only in water supply management but also in the management of road traffic, pollution, garbage, home automation and so on. In a nutshell, this paper illustrates the usage of the IoT framework in water supply management which contributes to developing the smart city.
    Keywords IoT ; future internet ; smart city ; machine learning ; WSN ; embedded devices ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 710
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Predictors of Influenza Vaccination among Chinese Middle School Students Based on the Health Belief Model

    Yeerlin Asihaer / Mengyang Sun / Miao Li / Huidi Xiao / Nubiya Amaerjiang / Mengying Guan / Bipin Thapa / Yifei Hu

    Vaccines, Vol 10, Iss 1802, p

    A Mixed-Methods Study

    2022  Volume 1802

    Abstract: Influenza vaccination rates among Chinese middle school students are low. This study aims to explore the influencing factors of vaccination among middle school students and promote vaccination. We conducted a mixed-methods study, integrating a ... ...

    Abstract Influenza vaccination rates among Chinese middle school students are low. This study aims to explore the influencing factors of vaccination among middle school students and promote vaccination. We conducted a mixed-methods study, integrating a questionnaire survey among 9145 middle school students in four cities in China and semi-structured interviews with 35 middle school students to understand their attitudes and perceptions toward vaccination based on the Health Belief Model. We found the overall vaccination rate was 38.2% (3493/9145), with students in Beijing, boarding at school, or senior high school showing higher values than their counterparts ( p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression results showed that non-boarding (OR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.42–0.51) and perceived barriers (OR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.96–0.98) were unfavorable factors for influenza vaccination, whereas perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.05–1.08), perceived benefits (OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01–1.04), cues to action (OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.05–1.11), and self-efficacy (OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.02–1.07) were facilitators. Qualitative results indicated that positive health beliefs, school, and the home environment contribute to vaccination. In conclusion, the influenza vaccination rate among middle school students remains low. The concerns about the safety and potential side effects of vaccines are the main barriers to vaccination, underscoring the need for strengthening communication, education, and information among students and their teachers/parents.
    Keywords influenza ; vaccination ; mixed-methods ; health belief model ; middle school students ; hesitancy ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 370
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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